Transcript
IMPART Workshop 5
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AND
REDECISION THERAPY
Eric Berne
With Claude Steiner, Eric Berne’s associate
Practice & Philosophy of TA
• People are OK.• Everyone has the capacity to think.• People decide their own destiny, and
these decisions can be changed.
CRITICAL: COMMANDS, ORDERS(DATA OF UNVERIFIED AUTHENTICITY)
NURTURING: CARING, LOVING
PROCESSING DETAILS, RATIONAL THINKINGCAUSE & EFFECT RELATIONSHIP REALITY
ADAPTED: BORROWED EMOTIONS
NATURAL: CURIOSITY, SPONTANEOUS EMOTIONS, CREATIVITY, FUN, JOY,SEXUAL EMOTION, INTUITION
EGOGRAM
Complimentary Transaction
P P
A A
C C
P P
A A
C C
The transactional vectors are parallel and the ego state addressed is the one which responds. It can be from any ego state to any other ego state.
S
R
S=StimulusR=Response
Crossed Transaction
P P
A A
C C
The transactional vectors are not parallel or the ego state addressed is not the one which responds. In a crossed transaction the response comes from an unexpected ego state.
Ulterior Transaction(Angular)
P P
A A
C C
A transaction is overtly directed at one (social) level, but covertly at another (psychological) level.
Both the persons involve in a more important secret (psychological) transaction underlying the overt (social) transaction.
P P
A A
C C
Ulterior Transaction(Duplex)
How do we remember?
Memory = Event + EmotionRecall = Emotion + Event
We remember through
emotions!
Strokes
• Positive, Negative & discounting• Conditional & Unconditional• Verbal, Non-verbal, action
The strokes are
food for mind.
Claude Steiner’s
Stroke EconomyDON’T GIVE +VE STROKES
GIVE –VE STROKES
DON’T ACCEPT +VE STROKES
ACCEPT –VE STROKES
DON’T SELF-STROKE
Stroke Economy
DON’T GIVE +VE STROKES
DON’T GIVE –VE STROKES
DON’T ACCEPT +VE STROKES
DON’T ACCEPT –VE STROKES
DON’T SELF-STROKE
Common Script BeliefsCOMMANDS
• You mustn’t exist.• You mustn’t be you.• You mustn’t be a child.• You mustn’t grow up.• You mustn’t make it.• You mustn’t do anything.• You mustn’t be important.• You mustn’t belong.• You mustn’t be close.• You mustn’t be well (sane).• You mustn’t think.• You mustn’t feel.
BELIEFSI mustn’t exist.I mustn’t be me.I mustn’t be a child.I mustn’t grow up.I mustn’t make it.I mustn’t do anything.I mustn’t be important.I mustn’t belong.I mustn’t be close.I mustn’t be well (sane).I mustn’t think.I mustn’t feel.
Life Script
• Each person decides upon a plan for his/her life beginning in earliest childhood.
• It is constructed in the form of drama with a clear-cut beginning, middle, & end.
• Script payoff: Closing scene of the script
Life course depends on…
• Heredity• External events• Life-script• Autonomous decisions
Early Decisions
InjunctionsCommandsAttributesModelling
Early experiences
Decisions & Scripts
Psychological positions
Script-reinforcing behaviours
What decides our behaviour?
Life Positions
• I’m not OK, You’re OK.• I’m not OK, You’re not OK.• I’m OK, You’re not OK.• I’m OK, You’re OK.
I AM NOT OK YOU ARE OK
One down position
Get away from, helpless
I AM OKYOU ARE OK
Healthy position
Get on with, happy
I AM NOT OKYOU ARE NOT OK
Helpless position
Get nowhere with, hopeless
I AM OKYOU ARE NOT OK
One up position
Get rid of, Angry
I AM O
KAY WITH
ME
YOU ARE NOT OKAY WITH ME
I AM
NO
T O
KAY
WIT
H M
E
YOU ARE OKAY WITH ME
Tragic Script Outcomes
• Killing or Harming self
• Killing or Harming others
• Going crazy
Racket and Racket FeelingsRACKET FEELING: A familiar emotion, acquired in
childhood, and expressed later under stress. It is a substitute for another feeling prohibited in family of origin.
RACKET: A set of manipulative thoughts & behaviours intended outside awareness to justify in experiencing a racket feeling.
Each time a person gets strokes for a racket or racket feeling, she will interpret this in Child as confirmation of her script beliefs.
Questions to elicit racket feelings• How do you express when you fail in exams?
• What do you tell to your Boss/Wife when you arrive late?
• What kinds of topics do you like most?
• What aspects do you expect from your favorite film star?
• While talking for long time with your friend in mobile,What excuse do you give to your mother?
A Racket System
SCRIPT BELIEFS
Beliefs about: 1 Self 2 Others 3 Quality of life (Intrapsychic process)
Feelings repressed at the time of script decision
REINFORCING MEMORIES
Emotional memories (‘trading stamps’) provide evidence & justification
RACKETY DISPLAYS
1 Observable behaviours (stylized, repetitive)
2 Reported internal experience (somatic ailments: physical sensations)
3 Fantasies
RACKET SYSTEM
Time StructuringWithdrawal: Being to oneself
Procedures: Give & take
Rituals: Wishing each other
Pastimes: “Mine is better than yours”
Activities: Action and satisfaction
Games: Transaction with a switch > negative strokes
Intimacy: Opening with others without walls > positive strokes
Persecutor Rescuer
Victim
Arena of the Games:Karpman’s Triangle
Applying TA Therapy
• Help client close escape hatches.• Develop therapeutic contract.• Describe specific tenets & terminology of TA.• Create awareness of scripts.• Reinforce redecisions.• Enforce cognitive/rational domain of behaviou.r• Challenge to change current pattern.s • Enhance client autonomy to reduce dependence.
Closing Escape Hatches“You need to promise yourself that- You will never, in any circumstances, kill or harm
yourself, try to kill or harm yourself, or set up to kill or harm yourself, accidentally or on purpose.
- You will never, in circumstances, kill or harm anyone else, try to kill or harm anyone else, or set up to kill or harm anyone else, accidentally or on purpose.
- You will never, in any circumstances, go crazy, try to go crazy or set up to go crazy, accidentally or on purpose.”
Therapeutic Contract: Why?
1. To have the client actively involved in the counselling process
2. To provide a mental set towards change3. To know when the work is complete4. To guard against imposition of the therapist’s
goals on the client.5. To discourage pursuit of covert agendas
Effective Contract-making1. Is the contract goal feasible?2. Is it safe?3. Is it stated in positive words?4. Is it observable?5. Is it placed in a clear context?6. Does this mark a movement out of script and
into the autonomy for the client?
Confront Script – Invite Autonomy
Tasks of Therapist
INTERVENTION- Effective- Harmful- Ineffective
Techniques of TA
• Active listening skills• Finding the script• Confrontation for redecision process• Role-play• Contracts to achieve target• Enhance redecision process: get commitment
to change• Self-scripting
ELICITATION WINDOW
Dr VINOD CHEBBI, Bangalore
Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings
When things go wrong for you, how do you feel?
Do you recognize this as a familiar feeling of yours?
Is it a feeling you experience in response to a wide range of different situations?
When did you last feel these feelings?
What was the situation in which you felt it?
With hindsight, how far would you say you had a part in setting up that situation, though you are not responsible?
Did the feeling you felt help you to get your needs met in the here-and-now?
When you were a child, was this feeling favoured or rewarded in your family?
Suppose you were using this favoured feeling to cover up another feeling that was prohibited or punished when you were a child, what would you guess is this original feeling you were covering up?
Discovering Racket & Racket Feelings (Contd.)
Outdated Beliefs
• Redefining: Distorting of self, others & world
• Discounting: Ignoring / minimizing contrary evidence
• Detect clues in behaviour. • Help to update script beliefs,
resolve script feelings, and move out of scripty behaviour.
Therapy Through TA: 1
Challenging Out-Dated Beliefs
• Working with racket feelings• ‘Peeling the onion’• Confronting the games• Confronting the discounts• Moving to intimacy at Switch
Making New Decisions (Robert and Mary Goulding)
Making the contractClosing the escape hatch
Providing safe setting
Therapy Through TA: 2
Making a Redecision: 1
• Establish a session contract.
• Invite a client to re-experience a problem scene.
• Invite a client to re-experience a related scene from childhood.
• While client is in child ego state invite to the present resources (the Adult ego state).
When during the Child ego state, invite client to make a new decision and watch the shift to authentic feeling.
Bring client to Adult ego state; invite to anchor the re-decision immediately in the “Here-and-Now”
Carry out Adult to de-brief, the meaning of the new decision.
Negotiate with client a contract to practice new decision.
Making a Redecision: 2
TA: Advantages
• Quick psychoanalysis: Understood on a "here-and-now" basis.
• Universal usage: Utilized in day-to-day communication with others, irrespective of age, sex & situation.
• Repairing relationships: Used in understanding and managing relationship with another.
• Self-analysis: Used to understand and change oneself.• Restructuring PT: Used in restructuring psychotherapy
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