Windows Server 2012 Course 06 - Remote … · 70-410: Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2012 Course 06 - Remote Management and Virtualization
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70-410: Installing and Configuring
Windows Server 2012
Course 06 - Remote Management and
Virtualization
Slide 1
Setup | Considerations | Firewall
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Slide 2
Remote Shell Remote Windows PowerShell Remote Management Tools To Enable:
o Server Manager – Local Server nodeo Properties – Remote management Checkbox – click disabledo Configure Remote Management <dialog box>o Enable Remote Management of This Server From Other Computerso Alternate Method:
• WinRM –qc (command prompt)
o Server Core:• Sconfig tool
o PowerShell• Configure-SMRemoting.exe -Enable
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Slide 3
Export Server manager Settings:o %appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\ServerManager\ServerList.xmlo %appdata%\Local\Microsoft_Corporation\ServerManager.exe_StrongName_GUID\6.2.0
.0\user.config
Export Server Manager Settings for domain joined computers:o Active Directory Users and Computers, Properties dialog box for Server Manager usero Profile tab, add a path to a network share to store the user’s profileo On U.S. English (en-us) builds, changes to the ServerList.xml file are automatically saved
to the profile. Go on to the next step
Click OK to save your changes and close the Properties dialog box To export Server Manager settings to computers in workgroups:
o On a computer from which you want to manage remote servers, overwrite the following two files with the same files from another computer that is running Server Manager, and that has the settings you want
o %appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\ServerManager\ServerList.xmlo %appdata%\Local\Microsoft_Corporation\ServerManager.exe_StrongName_GUID\6.2.0
.0\user.config
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Slide 4
Common method
Server Manager – local Server node
Enable next to Remote Desktop
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Slide 5
Role service name Role service description
RD Virtualization Host • Integrates with Hyper-V deploys pooled or personal virtual desktop collections
RD Session Host• Remote Desktop Session Host allows a server to host RemoteApp programs or session-based desktops.
Users connect to RD Session Host servers in a session collection to run programs, save files, and use resources on those servers.
RD Connection Broker
• Users reconnect to their existing virtual desktops, RemoteApp programs, and session-based desktops.• Enables even load distribution among RD Session Host servers in a session collection or pooled virtual
desktops in a pooled virtual desktop collection.• Provides access to virtual desktops in a virtual desktop collection.
RD Web Access
• Enables users to access RemoteApp and Desktop Connection through the Start menu on a computer that is running Windows 8, Windows 7, or through a web browser.
• RemoteApp and Desktop Connection provides a customized view of RemoteApp programs and session-based desktops in a session collection, and RemoteApp programs and virtual desktops in a virtual desktop collection.
RD Licensing• Management of licenses required to connect to a Remote Desktop Session Host server or a virtual
desktop. You can use RD Licensing to install, issue, and track the availability of licenses.
RD Gateway• Enables authorized users to connect to virtual desktops, RemoteApp programs, and session-based
desktops on an internal corporate network from any Internet-connected device.
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Slide 6
Remote Desktop Monitoring o Session Shadowing
• Remotely Monitor active Remote Desktop Sessions
• Remotely control Remote Desktop Sessions
Integrations:o Integration with Server Manager
o Integration with Remote Desktop Connection (mstsc.exe)
RestrictedAdmin Mode Remote Desktopo Users credentials are not sent to host by Remote Desktop Client
o Remote Desktop client attempts to interactively logon to host
o When host is verifies user accounts connecting has Administrator rights, connection is successful
o RestrictedAdmin mode does not at any point send plain text or other re-usable forms of credentials to computers
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Slide 7
Server Manager allows you to create Server Groups
Group together Servers with common management tasks
Can be used to manage Core installations
Can manage Server 2008 and 2008 R2, but need updateso .NET Framework 4
o Windows Management Framework 3.0
o Performance Update (KB 2682011)
RSAT can be installed on client to manage server groups
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Slide 8
Virtual:o Servers
o Desktops
o Applications
Desktop Virtualizationo Each user assigned their own virtual machine
o Applications run within Virtual Machines
Presentation Virtualizationo Users login in and run separate sessions
o Desktop and Applications run on the server
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Slide 9
Full Desktop
RemoteApp Applications
Remote Desktop Web Access
Uses Remote Desktop Gateway
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Slide 10
Allows external clients access RDP and RemoteApp without VPN or Direct Access Feature
Role Service
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Slide 11
Hyper-V
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Slide 12
Virtualization Role
Hardware Requirementso X64 platform
o Supports SLAT and DEP
o 4 GB RAM (minimum)
o Hardware must be enough to support VM’s
• CPU
• Memory
• Disk Subsystem
• Network
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Slide 13
Uses App-V client
Part of Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack
Not a Native Role or feature
Isolates application from OS
Provides Application Streaming
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Slide 14
BIOS
Memory
Processor
IDE Controllers 0 and 1
SCSI Controller
Network Adapter
COM 1 and 2
Diskette Drive
You can add:SCSI – up to 4
Network AdaptersLegacy Network AdapterFibre Channel Adapter
RemoteFX video adapter
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Slide 15
Allocate minimum amount of memory
Allow machine to request memory as needed
Smart Paging:o Allocate amount of start up memory
o Uses disk paging to assign additional temporary memory
o Results in lower performance
o PowerShell: Set-VMMemory
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Slide 16
VM Connection Window, under action menuo OS Shutdown
o Time Sync
o Data Exchange
o Heartbeat
o Backup (snapshot)
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Slide 17
Start actions:o Nothing
o Automatically start if running when service stopped
o Always start machine automatically
Stop Actionso Save Virtual Machine State
o Turn Off Virtual Machine (powered off – data loss)
o Shut Down Guest Operating System
PowerShell: Set-VM with AutomaticStartAction and AutomaticStopAction
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Slide 18
Tracks resource utilization of Virtual Machineso Avg GPU
o Avg memory use
• Min and max
o Disk Space Allocation
o Incoming Network Traffic
o Outgoing Network Traffic
No GUI tool
PowerShell:Enable-VMResourceMeteringDisable-VMResourceMeteringReset-VMResourceMetering
Measure-VM
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Slide 19
File format that represents Hard Drive
Configure Partitions
Install OS
Use for Data
PowerShell: New-VHD
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Slide 20
Dynamically Expanding VHDo Specify Maximum size for file
o Disk only uses amount needed
• VHD: 260 KB allocated
• VHDX: 4096K allocated
o Dynamic Hard Disk will grow, but will not shrink
• Need to perform compact operation in edit Virtual hard Disk Wizard
Fixed-size VHDo All space allocated during creation
o Minimizes fragmentation
o Best performance on traditional drives
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Slide 21
Pass-Through Diskso Allows VM to access physical disk driveo Can connect to iSCSI LUNo Must have exclusive access to target disko Use disk management console to take disk offline
• Then connect it to VM Controllers using Add Hard drive option in settings• If using SCSI, you do not have to shut down VM• If using IDE, you will have to shut down VM
Differencing VHDo Separate Virtual Hard Diskso Record Changes made to parent disko Reduces amount of Hard Disk space consumed by VHDo Performance lost
• Works best with SSD
o Can link multiple differencing disks to parent disko If parent disk is modified, all links to differencing disk will fail
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Slide 22
You cannot shrink a fixed virtual hard disk1. Convert fixed disk to dynamic disk
2. Compact the dynamic disk
3. Convert back to dynamic, if necessary
PowerShell cmdlets:Resize-partition
Resize-VHD
You can also expand a disk – both dynamic and fixed, but using the edit Virtual Hard Disk Wizard
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Slide 23
VHD
Legacy
2 TB Limit
Can convert to VHDX format
VHDX
Better Performance
64 TB Limit
Better Stabilityo Updates logged to VHDX
metadata as fallback
Larger block sizeo (dynamically expanding and
differencing disks)
o Logical sector size of 4 KB
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Slide 24
Inspect Disk Tool (actions menu: hyper-v console)o If links are broken to parent disk
o Locate Parent disk of differencing disk
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Slide 25
Convert disk from fixed to dynamic
Convert disk from dynamic to fixed
Convert Virtual hard disk in VHD format to VHDX
Convert Virtual hard disk in VHDX format to VHD
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Slide 26
Hyper-V Manager console
Disk Management console
Diskpart command-line tool
New-VHD cmdlet
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Slide 27
You can deploy Virtual Hard Disks to file share
Must be file share that supports SMB 3.0o This limits to Server 2012 File Shares
o Older Versions do not support SMB 3.0
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Slide 28
Snapshots are a “form” of differencing diskso All write operations are redirected to the differencing disk
o Original (snapshot) is unmodified
Making differencing disks now easiero Can build VM’s from VM Template
o Can Spawn multiple VM’s from parent VM
All differencing disks are dynamic
Reads happen across many VHD’s
Writes only happen in last disk in the chaino Same as writes to fixed disk, unless VHD needs to expand
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Slide 29
External Networko Communication between virtual machine and physical network
• Creates association to physical network adapter on virtualization server
Internal Networko Provides communication between Virtualization Server and VM’s
Private Networko Communication between VM’s only
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Slide 30
MS NDIS Captureo Capture data traffic traveling across switch
o Data read by Network Monitor
MS Windows Filtering Platformo Allows filtering of data across virtual disk
** (Available on MSDN)
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Slide 31
Network Adapter Propertieso Virtual Switch
o VLAN ID
o Bandwidth Management
Features supported by all Adapterso MAC Address Allocation – assigned from pool
o DHCP Guard – prevents unauthorized DHCP Servers
o Router Guard – drops router advertisements from unauthorized routers
o Port Mirroring – copy incoming/outgoing packets from adapter to VM configured for monitoring
o NIC Teaming – adds Virtual Network Adapter to existing team on Hyper-V server
Synthetic Network Adapterso Virtual Machine Queue – packet filtering to guest
o IPSec Task Offloading – calculations for security on host adapter
o SR-IOV – allows multiple VM’s to share PCIe resources
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Slide 32
Support Network Boot installation
OS Support for Operating Systems:o That do not support Integration Services
o That do not have drivers for synthetic network adapter
No support for Hardware Acceleration
Cannot configure:o VM Queue
o IPSec Task offloading
o Single-root I/O
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Slide 33
Membership in Local Administrators group is required to work with Hyper-V Networking
An Administrator can use Authorization Manager to modify Authorization Policy so user or group can complete
Legacy Network adapter works without installing VM Drivero Driver is available most OS
o Emulates physical network adapter
o Supports PXE boots
o Supports 10/100 NIC
o Not supported:• 64 bit version of Windows Server 2003
• Windows XP
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Slide 34
Affects networking on physical network adapter
After Install: Management Operating System uses Virtual Adapter for physical networko Original Adapter has nothing bound to it except the MS Virtual
Network Switch Protocol
o Virtual Network Adapter has all standard protocols and services bound
Can create Internal Virtual Networko Expose Virtual Network adapter to parent partition
o Does not need physical adapter associated with it
o Networking will be disrupted for short period of time when network is created or deleted
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Slide 35
Static MAC addresses can be configured
Default is dynamically allocated from pool of 255 MAC addresses
If multiple Hyper-V hosts on external networkso Ensure each Hyper-V server has different pool of MAC Addresses
If Virtual machines are DHCP Clientso Assign Static MAC Addresses
o Use DHCP Reservations to ensure IP to MAC is the same
Use the Virtual Switch Manager to configure MAC range
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Slide 36
Point in time copy of VM
Does not affect running state of VM
Includes contents of memory
If taking Snapshots of multiple servers do all at onceo AD Trusts for computer accounts
• Netdom resetpwd to rejoin computer, if needed
o User Passwords
Files:o VM Configuration .xml file
o Saved State Files
o Differencing disk .avhd / .avhdx file
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Slide 37
Snapshot data stored on same volume as VHD Not replacement of backups Exporting Snapshots
o Create full VHD with state of VMo You can also export entire Virtual Machine with its snapshots
Deleting Snapshotso Data merged or discardedo Disk space immediately reclaimed
You can create Snapshot trees with different brancheso Snapshot each dayo Revert a few days backo Make changes to snapshoto New branch that changes that snapshot
50 Snapshots per virtual machine limit
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Review Questions:
1. True or False: Remote Management is the process where you are allowed to
VPN into a remote server and use RDP.
A. True
B. False
2. Which of the following ways can you enable Remote Management?
A. Sconfig
B. Server Manager
C. WinRM
D. All of the above
3. True or False: Setting up the Server Manager console needs to be done from
each server manually.
A. True
B. False
4. True or False: Multi-server management only applies to Server 2012. You cannot
add others into the list.
A. True
B. False
5. Which of the following can you virtualize?
A. Servers
B. Desktops
C. Applications
D. All of the above
6. True or False: In order to virtualize a Windows 7 machine, you need to get a
special edition license of Hyper-V.
A. True
B. False
7. True or False: Remote Desktop Gateway allows external clients to access RDP
and Remote App without VPN or Direct Access features.
A. True
B. False
8. True or False: Application Virtualization (App-V) is a native feature of Hyper-V.
A. True
B. False
9. True or False: The purpose of App-V is to give users access to a virtualized
desktop.
A. True
B. False
10. True or False: Hyper-V can be installed on a 32-bit version as well as a 64-bit
version of Server 2012.
A. True
B. False
11. True or False: The intention of the RestrictedAdmin mode is to ensure the
integrity of the administrators group on a domain controller.
A. True
B. False
Answer Key:
1. B False. Remote Management allows you to manage other servers from one Server Manager console.
2. D There are many ways to enable Remote Management, from Sconfig and WinRM to PowerShell and Server Manager.
3. B False. You can export and import the Server Manager settings on each server.
4. B False. You can add Server 2008 and 2008 R2, but need to apply updates.
5. D There are many technologies for virtualization, each able to handle a primary focus like servers, desktops, and applications.
6. B False. Hyper-V can virtualize any Windows platform.
7. A True. Remote Desktop Gateway is a role service that allows external clients to access RDP and Remote App with VPN or Direct Access features.
8. B False. App-V is part of the Microsoft Desktop Optimization pack.
9. B False. App-V is used to virtualize an application and to provide application streaming and isolation from OS.
10. B False. It requires a 64-bit platform, as does Server 2012.
11. B False. RestrictedAdmin mode is for Remote Desktop users to ensure that the credentials are not sent to the host by the Remote Desktop Client. When a host is verified as having administrator rights, the connection is successful.
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