WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES? A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE B. THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET C.

• WHICH GOVERNMENT AGENCY IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR HIRING MOST FEDERAL EMPLOYEES?

A. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATEB. THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGETC. THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICED. THE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTE. THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE

• CONGRESS DETERMINES THE ACTUAL AMOUNT AVALIABLE FOR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO SPEND IN A FISCAL YEAR WHEN IT SETS

A. APPROPRIATIONSB. AUTHORIZATIONSC. SCHEDULES FOR MARKING UP BILLSD. PIGEONHOLESE. RULES FOR DEBATE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS WOULD NOT BE AFFECTED IF THE MAJORITY PARTY LOST ITS MAJORITY IN CONGRESS?

A. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSEB. PRESIDENT OF THE SENATEC. PARTY WHIPS IN THE SENATED. PARTY WHIPS IN THE HOUSEE. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE IN THE SENATE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POWERS IS NOT GIVEN TO THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE?

A. APPOINTING CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEESB. EXERCISING CONTROL OVER WHICH BILLS GET ASSIGNED TO WHICH COMMITTEESC. APPOINTING THE PARTY’S LEGISLATIVE LEADERSD. DIRECTING BUSINESS ON THE FLOORE. RECOGNIZING MEMBERS WHO WISH TO SPEAK ON THE FLOOR

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF COMMITTEES IS SET UP TO HAMMER OUT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOUSE AND SENATE VERSIONS OF SIMILAR BILLS?

A. CONFERENCE COMMITTEESB. JOINT COMMITTEESC. PARTY COMMITTEESD. SELECT COMMITTEESE. STANDING COMMITTEES

• THE PRACTICE OF DRAWING THE BOUNDARIES OF POLITICAL DISTRICTS IN UNUSUAL SHAPES TO MAKE IT EASY FOR CANDIDATES OF THE PARTY IN POWER TO WIN ELECTIONS IS KNOWN AS

A. MALAPPORTIONMENTB. GERRYMANDERINGC. IMPOUNDMENTD. FRONTLOADINGE. PIGEONHOLING

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INTEREST GROUPS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO SUPPORT A REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT?

A. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONB. NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATIONC. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED PEOPLED. CHRISTIAN COALITIONE. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS

• THE CABINET LEVEL OFFICIAL MOST DIRECTLY CHARGED WITH SETTING AND CARRYING OUT U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IS THE

A. SECRETARY OF DEFENSEB. SECRETARY OF THE TREASURYC. SECRETARY OF STATED. ATTORNEY GENERALE. PRESIDENT’S CHIEF OF STAFF

“NO STATE SHALL…DENY TO ANY PERSON WITHINITS JURISDICTION THE EQUAL PROTECTION OF THELAW”

• THE QUOTE COMES FROM

A. FEDERALIST #10B. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964C. THE 1ST AMENDMENTD. THE MAJORITY OPINION OF MARBURY V. MADISONE. THE 14TH AMENDMENT

• A COURT ORDER ISSUED FROM THE SUPREME COURT TO A LOWER STATE OR FEDERAL COURT THAT CALLS UP A CASE IS CALLED A(N)

A. EX POST FACTO DOCUMENTB. WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUSC. BILL OF ATTAINDERD. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF E. WRIT OF CERTIORARI

• WHICH EXECUTIVE ACTION DOES NOT HAVE TO BE CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE?

A. TREATIES WITH OTHER NATIONSB. APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME COURTC. APPOINTMENT OF AMMBASSADORSD. EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTSE. APPOINTMENTS OF CANINET MEMBERS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXPENDITURES ARE TREATED AS ENTITLEMENTS WHEN CONSTRUCTING THE NATIONAL BUDGET?

A. NATIONAL DEFENSEB. SALARIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE WHITE

HOUSE OFFICEC. HOMELAND SECURITYD. INTEREST TO LOANS TO THE NATIONAL

GOVERNMENTE. SOCIAL SECURITY PAYMENTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS A PROVISION OF THE CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM ACT OF 2002?

A. ELIMINATION OF SOFT MONEY TO NATIONAL PARTIESB. REMOVAL OF THE LIMITATIONS ON CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNSC. PLACEMENT OF A CEILING FOR TOTAL EXPENDITURES FOR PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNSD. CREATION OF THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION TO REGULATE CAMPAIGN FINANCINGE. LIMITATION ON THE NUMBER OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGN ADS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A POWER EXPRESSLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT IN ARTICLE II OF THE CONSTITUTION?

A. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGEB. THE LINE ITEM VETOC. IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDSD. THE RIGHT TO INITIATE LEGISLATIONE. COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES

• AN EXAMPLE OF AN INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSION IS THE

A. U.S. POSTAL SERVICEB. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARDC. NASAD. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCYE. SOCIAL SECURITY AGENCY

• UNITED STATES V. NIXON MOST DIRECTLY SHAPED THE POWERS OF

A. THE PRESIDENT’S USE OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGEB. THE PRESIDENT’S USE OF IMPOUNDMENTC. THE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES IN

IMPLEMENTING THEIR DECISIONSD. CONGRESS IN CONTROLLING EXECUTIVE

ACTIONSE. CONGRESS IN LIMITING FEDERAL GRANTS TO THE

STATES

• IN CONTRAST TO CATEGORICAL GRANTS, BLOCK GRANTS ALLOW CONGRESS

A. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEYB. LESS CONTROL OVER HOW STATES SPEND FEDERAL GRANT MONEYC. TO MAKE LARGER OVERALL GRANTS TO STATESD. MORE DISCRETION IN TERMS OF WHETHER OR NOT MANDATES RECEIVE FEDERAL FUNDINGE. MORE CONTROL OVER HOW STATES FUND

EDUCATION PROGRAMS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CHECK THAT THE PRESIDENT HAS ON THE JUDICIARY?

A. HE MAY ALTER THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURT SYSTEMB. HE HAS THE POWER TO APPOINT FEDERAL JUDGESC. HE HAS THE POWER TO REMOVE FEDERAL JUDGESD. HE DECIDES THE LENGTH OF THEIR TERMS OF

OFFICEE. HE MAY CHALLENGE JUDICIAL DECISIONS BY

REFERRING THEM TO CONGREE FOR A VOTE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CONCURRENT POWER OF BOTH THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS?

A. REGULATION OF INTERSTATE COMMERCEB. THE RIGHT TO MOBILIZE AN ARMYC. TAXATION OF EXPORTSD. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF COURT

SYSTEMSE. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN NATIONS

• THE RULES THAT GOVERN THE CONDUCT OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ARE

A. LESS RESTRICTIVE THAN THE SENATEB. MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN THE SENATEC. MOSTLY DESIGNED TO RESTRICT THE POWER

OF THE HOUSE LEADERSHIPD. MOSTLY DESIGNED TO RESTRICT THE POWER

OF THE PRESIDENTE. ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THE RULES OF THE

SENATE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN INTEREST GROUP AND A PAC?

A. INTEREST GROUPS RUN CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE, PACs DON’T

B. INTEREST GROUPS AND PACs COMPETE FOR FEDERAL MONEY TO SUPPORT THEIR CAUSE C. PACs ARE REGULATED BY THE FEDERAL ELECTION

COMMISSIONS; INTEREST GROUPS ARE NOTD. PACs ARE THE POLITICAL ARMS OF INTEREST GROUPS THAT RAISE FUNDS FOR CANDIDATES OR POLITICAL

PARTIESE. INTEREST GROUPS HIRE PACs TO COORDINATE POLITICAL STRATEGIES

• MIRANDA V. ARIZONA, GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT, AND MAPP V. OHIO WERE ALL CASES DECIDED BASED ON THE

A. 1st AMENDMENTB. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5th AMENDMENTC. EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE 14th AMENDMENTD. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE FO THE 14th AMENDMENTE. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES CLAUSE OF THE 14th AMENDMENT

“DEALIGNMENT” IS A POLITICAL PROCESS IN WHICH

A. VOTERS SHIFT THEIR ALLEGIANCE FROM ONE PARTY TO ANOTHERB. INTEREST GROUPS GIVE MONEY TO CANDIDATES FROM BOTH POLITICAL PARTIESC. STATE AND LOCAL PARTY OFFICIALS DO NOT SUPPORT DECISIONS MADE BY NATIONAL PARTY OFFICIALS D. THIRD PARTIES TAKE VOTES AWAY FROM THE TWO MAJOR PARTIESE. PARTY IDENTIFICATION WEAKENS AND VOTERS PREFER TO CALL THEMSELVES INDEPENDENTS

• MANY ANTI-FEDERALISTS CRITICIZED THE CONSTITUTION BECAUSE THEY BELIEVED THAT IT

A. DID NOT CREATE A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

B. SHOULD INCLUDE A BICAMERAL LEGISLATUREC. DID NOT ADEQUATELY PROTECT INDIVIDUAL

LIBERTIESD. SHOULD BE MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTSE. DID NOT SPECIFICALLY DEFINE THE POWERS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POWERS DOES THE CONSTITUTION GRANT TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES?

A. TO RATIFY TREATIES SIGNED BY THE PRESIDENTB. TRY THE PRESIDENT AFTER THE SENATE HAS

IMPEACHED HIMC. TO CONFIRM MAJOR PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTSD. TO ORIGINATE ALL BILLS OF REVENUEE. TO VOTE ON LAWS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY

THE COURTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS IS MOST LIKELY TO VOTE IN A NATIONAL ELECTION?

A. AN 18 YEAR OLD COLLEGE STUDENTB. A WHITE MALE WITH A HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATIONC. A CHURCH-GOING FEMALE WITH A COLLEGE EDUCATIOND. A 60 YEAR OLD NON-CHURCHGOER WITH AN 8th GRADE EDUCATIONE. A 21 YEAR OLD FACTORY WORKER IN THE MIDWEST

• WHERE IS A BILL MOST LIKELY TO BE CHANGED/REWRITTEN?

A. IN FULL COMMITTEEB. IN SUB-COMMITTEEC. BY THE RULES COMMITTEED. BY THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE

• A CLOSED RULE FOR DEBATE ON THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WOULD MEAN THAT

A. ONLY THE BILL’S SUPPORTERS WILL BE RECOGNIZED TO SPEAK

B. A DISCHARGE PETITION HAS RESULTED IN A BILL’S APPEARANCE FOR FLOOR DEBATE

C. AMENDMENTS FROM THE FLOOR ARE PERMITTEDD. THE BILL HAS STRICT TIME LIMITS FOR DEBATEE. THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE DOES NOT LEAD

DEBATE

• THE INFORMAL NETWORKS THAT GROUP MEMBERS OF CONGRESS SHARING THE SAME INTEREST ARE CALLED

A. CAUCUSESB. SELECT COMMITTEESC. BUREAUCRACIESD. SUBCOMMITTEESE. LINKAGE GROUPS

• WESBERRY V. SANDERS, THE “ONE MAN ONE VOTE” SUPREME COURT DECISION ADDRESSED THE PROBLEM OF

A. GERRYMANDERINGB. MINORITY-MAJORITY DISTRICTINGC. INCUMBENCYD. PORK BARREL LEGISLATIONE. MALAPPORTIONMENT

• EASLEY V. CROMARTIE RULED THAT RACE MAY NOT BE A “DOMINANT AND CONTROLLING” FACTOR IN

A. REDISTRICTINGB. SETTING WHO WILL RUN FOR CONGRESSC. SELECTING CHAIRMAN FOR STANDING

COMMITTEESD. LOGROLLING LEGISLATIONE. PASSING CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION

• CLOTURE IS A TECHNIQUE USED IN THE SENATE TO

A. DISCHARGE A BILL FROM COMMITTEEB. CONTROL NONGERMANE AMENDMENTSC. STALL A BILL FROM PASSINGD. STOP A FILIBUSTERE. SEND A STRONG MESSAGE TO THE PRESIDENT

• A POCKET VETO IS A TECHNIQUE THAT ALLOWS THE PRESIDENT TO

A. KILL LEGISLATION PRESENTED TO HIM WITHIN 10 DAYS OF THE ADJOURNMENT OF CONGRESS

B. KILL LEGISLATION WITHOUT CALLING ATTENTION TO HIS POINT OF VIEW

C. COMMUNICATE HIS DISLIKE FOR A BILL BEFORE IT LEAVES COMMITTEE

D. SEND THE BILL BACK TO BOTH HOUSES FOR CONSIDERATION

E. VETO PART OF A BILL, BUT ALLOW OTHER PARTS TO BECOME LAW

• THE 2005 CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT WAS CRITICIZED BY MANY AS AN EXAMPLE OF

A. MALAPPORTIONMENTB. GERRYMANDERINGC. MISUSE OF THE POWER OF INCUMBENCYD. PORK BARREL LEGISLATIONE. FAVORTISM TOWARD THE MISWEST

• AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT WITH A FOREIGN HEAD OF STATE IS DIFFERENT FROM A TREATY IN THAT

A. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE SENATE

B. A TREATY MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE SENATEC. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE

PRESIDENT WHO SIGNED ITD. AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT ADDRESSES ISSUES THAT ARE NOT VERY IMPORTANTE. A TREATY INVOLVES SEVERAL COUNTRIES, AN

EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT INVOLVES ONLY TWO

• A PRESIDENTIAL VETO OF A LEGISLATIVE BILL MAY BE OVERRIDDEN BY

A. A 2/3 VOTE OF EITHER HOUSE OF CONGRESSB. 5 OF 9 SUPREME COURT JUSTICESC. A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESSD. A 2/3 VOTE OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESSE. A LEGISLAIVE VETO

• ONE MAJOR PURPOSE THAT CONGRESS HAD IN PASSING THE BUDGET REFORM AND IMPOUNDMENT ACT OF 1974 WAS TO

A. GIVE THE PRESIDENT MORE SAY IN DEVELOPING THE BUDGETB. REQUIRE THE PRESIDENT TO SPEND ALL APPROPRIATED FUNDSC. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER UNDER EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGED. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER UNDER EXECUTIVE ORDERSE. SPECIFY HOW BUDGET SURPLUSES SHOULD BE SPENT

• THE 10th AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT TO

A. PREVENT STATES FROM TAXING AGENCIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. RESERVE POWERS TO THE STATESC. RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEWD. ALLOW FOR THE BURNING OF THE FLAG AS AN EXPRESSION OF PROTESTE. LIMIT THE USE OF THE LEGISLATIVE VETO

• WHEN A LOWER COURT DECISION IS APPEALED TO THE SUPREME COURT, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR?

A. THE SUPREME COURT WILL RECONSIDER THE CASE, AND OVERTURN THE LOWER COURT DECISIONB. THE SUPREME COURT WILL REPRIMAND THE LOWER COURT JUDGE FOR IMPROPERLY DECIDING THE CASEC. THE PLAINTIFFS OR DEFENDENTS WILL FILE MOTIONS FOR A CHANGE OF VENUE.D. THE CASE WILL BE RETRIED AT THE LOWER COURT LEVELE. THE SUPREME COURT WILL NOT HEAR THE APPEAL

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFS?

A. THEY ARE USED BY INTEREST GROUPS TO LOBBY COURTS

B. THEY ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY LIBERAL INTEREST GROUPS

C. THEY ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY CONSERVATIVE INTEREST GROUPS

D. THEY ARE NOW UNCONSTITUTIONALE. THEY ARE THE MEANS BY WHICH A LITIGANT SEEKS

SUPREME COURT REVIEW OF A LOWER COURT DECISION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTITIVES SETS THE CONDITIONS FOR DEBATE AND AMENDMENT OF MOST LEGISLATION?

A. WAYS AND MEANSB. APPROPRIATIONSC. JUDICIARYD. RULESE. GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS

• OF THE FOLLOWING, WHICH HAS BEEN USED THE MOST TO EXPAND THE POWER OF THE NATONAL GOVERNMENT?

A. THE COMMERCE CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTIONB. THE HABEAS CORPUS CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTIONC. THE BILL OF ATTAINDER CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTIOND. THE FIRST AMENDMENTE. THE FIFTH AMENDMENT

• THE PROCEDURE FOR FORMALLY AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION BEST ILLUSTRATES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. THE DOMINANCE OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATE GOVERNMENTSB. THE DOMINANCE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS OVER THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENTC. THE FOUNDING FATHERS’ DESIRE TO FACILITATE RAPID CONSTITUTIONAL REVISIONSD. THE SUPREME COURT’S POWER TO REVIEW CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTSE. THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

• CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT BOUNDARIES ARE USUALLY REDRAWN EVERY 10 YEARS BY THE

A. BUREAU OF THE CENSUSB. STATE LEGISLATURESC. PRESIDENTD. HOUSE RULES COMMITTEEE. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

• THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE REFERS TO THE

A. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD’S CONTROL OVER INTEREST RATESB. PRACTICE OF PEMITTING SENATORS TO PREVIEW LISTS OF JUDICIAL NOMINEESC. PRACTICE WHEREBY LEGISLATORS WITH THE MOST SENIORITY SELECT THE COMMITTEES ON WHICH THEY WANT TO SERVED. RIGHT OF THE CHAIR TO CONTROL THE SCHEDULE OF HIS OR HER CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEEE. RIGHT OF THE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS TO SEND MAIL TO THEIR CONSTITUENTS AT THE GOVERNMENT’S EXPENSE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS GENERALLY TRUE OF THE GERRYMANDERING OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS?

A. IT RESULTS IN MORE DEMOCRATS BEING ELECTED TO THE HOUSEB. IT RESULTS IN MORE REPUBLICANS BEING ELECTED TO THE HOUSEC. IT GUARANTEES THAT ALL MINORITY PARTIES WILL BE EQUALLY REPRESENTEDD. IT CREATES DISTRICTS THAT FAVOR ONE POLITICAL PARTY OVER THE OTHERE. IT VIOLATES THE PRINCIPLE OF ONE PERSON ONE VOTE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ONE OF THE CENTRAL CONCERNS OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT?

A. THE SUPREMACY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATES

B. THE RIGHT OF THE CITIZENS TO BEAR ARMSC. THE DIVISION OF POWERS AMONG THE THREE BRANCES OF GOVERNMENTD. THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS TO PETITION THE GOVERNMENTFOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCESE. THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THOSE

ACCUSED OF COMMITTING A CRIME

• THE “WALL OF SEPARATION” DOCTRINE REFERS TO THE

A. DIVISION BETWEEN LEVELS OF GOVERNMENTB. UNIQUE POWERS POSSESSED BY EACH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENTC. DIVISION OF CHURCH AND STATED. BARRIER BETWEEN LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERSE. DIFFERENTIATION OF MUNICIPAL POWERS FROM COUNTY POWERS

• LOBBYISTS TRY TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATORS MAINLY THROUGH

A. “WINING AND DINING” LEGISLATORSB. ORCHESTRATING PETITIONS DRIVES AND

LETTER-WRITING CAMPAIGNSC. PLACING PERSUASIVE ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE

MEDIAD. THREATENING TO HELP THE LEGISLATOR’S

OPPONENT IN THE NEXT ELECTIONE. PROVIDING LEGISLATORS WITH INFORMATION

ON TECHNICAL ISSUES

• STATES AND LOCALITIES HAVE THE MOST DISCRETION IN ESTABLISHING POLICY WHEN FEDERAL FUNDING IS DERIVED FROM

A. CATEGORICAL GRANTSB. MATCHING FUNDSC. BLOCK GRANTSD. PROJECT GRANTSE. GRANTS-IN-AID

• IN MIRANDA V. ARIZONA, THE SUPREME COURT DECIDED THAT

A. ILLEGAL ALIENS HAVE THE SAME RIGHTS TO AN EDUCATION AS UNITED STATES CITIZENSB. EVIDENCE SEIZED DURING AN ILLEGAL SEARCH CANNOT BE USED IN COURTC. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS CANNOT EMPLOY NUMERICAL QUOTASD. POLICE MUST INFORM CRIMINAL SUSPECTS OF THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS BEFORE QUESTIONING THEME. THE DEATH PENALTY IS CONSTITUTIONAL SO LONG AS JURYS ARE SUPPLIED WITH SENTENCING GUIDELINES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A PRESIDENTIAL ROLE AUTHORIZED BY THE CONSTITUTION?

A. COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES

B. TO LEAD THE POLITICAL PARTY OF THE PRESIDENTC. TO NEGOTIATE TREATIES WITH FOREIGN

NATIONSD. TO BE CHIEF EXECUTIVEE. TO PRESENT THE STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE UNDER THE SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES?

A. THE SUPREME COURT CAN OVERRULE THE PRESIDENT’S POLICY PROPOSALSB. THE SENATE MUST RATIYFY TREATIES NEGOTIATED BY THE PRESIDENT BEFORE THEY BECOME LAWC. A BILL BECOMES LAW WHEN THE HOUSE AND SENATE PASS IT, AND THE SUPREME COURT DECLARES IT CONSTITUTIONALD. THE SUPREME COURT CAN REMOVE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, AND CONGRESS CAN IMPEACH THE PRESIDENTE. THE HOUSE APPOINTS THE JUSTICES TO THE SUPREME COURT AND THE SENATE APPROVES THE APPOINTMENTS

• THE PRESIDENT CAN DO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WITHOUT SEEKING THE CONSENT OF EITHER THE HOUSE OR THE SENATE?

A. RATIFY A TREATYB. APPOINT AMBASSADORSC. APPOINT DISTRICT COURT JUDGESD. DEPLOY TROOPSE. DECLARE WAR

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THE LINE-ITEM VETO?

A. IT IS SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION

B. IT IS USED BY MANY STATE GOVERNORSC. IS BASICALLY THE SAME AS A POCKET VETOD. ITS USE WAS UPHELD BY THE SUPREME COURTE. IT WOULD, IF INSTITUTED, STRENGTHEN THE

POWER OF CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS

• THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISHED THE INCORPORATION DOCTRINE WHEN THE COURT

A. INTERPRETED THE 14th AMENDMENT AS EXTENDING MOST OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE STATES AS WELL AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. INTERPRETED THE 9th AMENDMENT AS REQUIRING NATIONAL HEALTH AND WORKER-SAFETY STANDARDSC. STRIPPED THE ARMEND FORCES OF THEIR DISCRETIONARY POWERS REGARDING MILITARY SERVICE FOR GAY MEND. STRENGTHED LOCAL POLICE FORCES BY GRANTING THEN THE POWER TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE FEDERAL OFFENCESE. GRANTED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE POWER TO DECLARE ACTS OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT EFFECT OF REPLACING THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WITH THE CONSTITUTION OF 1787?

A. THE PROTECTION OF FREE SPEECHB. THE GUARANTEE OF STATES’ RIGHTSC. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIRECT DEMOCRACYD. THE CREATION OF A STRONG CENTRAL

GOVERNMENTE. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

• A MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE AND THE SENATE IS THAT

A. FILIBUSTERS ARE ONLY POSSIBLE IN THE HOUSEB. REVENUE BILLS MUST ORIGINATE IN THE SENATEC. JUDICIAL NOMINATIONS ORIGINATE IN THE HOUSED. EACH STATE HAS EQUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE BUT NOT THE SENATEE. THERE IS UNLIMITED DEBATE IN THE SENATE BUT NOT THE HOUSE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A CORE VALUE OF UNITED STATES POLITICAL CULTURE?

A. LEGAL EQUALITYB. POLITICAL EQUALITYC. ECONOMIC EQUALITYD. FREEDOM OF RELIGIONE. FREEDOM OF SPEECH

• THE CONCEPT OF “CRITICAL ELECTIONS” IS MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH

A. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE PROCESSB. ELECTIONS DURING WARTIMEC. THE NOMINATION PROCESSD. ECONOMIC RECESSIONE. PARTY REALIGNMENT

• FEDERAL BENEFITS THAT MUST BE FUNDED BY CONGRESS AND MUST BE PAID TO ALL CITIZENS WHO MEET ELIGILBILITY CRITERIA ARE CALLED

A. DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATIONSB. INDIVIDUAL ENTITLEMENTSC. TAX EXPENDITURESD. DISTRIBUTIVE BENEFITSE. CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES, AS ESTABLISHED BY THE CONSTITUTION?

A. A REQUIREMENT THE STATES LOWER THEIR LEGAL DRINKING AGE TO 18 AS A CONDITION FOR RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDS THROUGH FEDERAL HIGHWAY GRANT PROGRAMSB. MEDIA CRITICISM OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS DURING AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN PERIODC. THE SUPREME COURT’S ABILITY TO OVERTURN A LOWER COURT DECISIOND. THE REQUIREMENT THAT PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE SUPREME BE APPROVED BY THE SENATE.E. THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT BY THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE RATHER THAN BY DIRECT ELECTION

• A PRIMARY ELECTION IN WHICH VOTER ARE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY A PARTY PREFERENCE BEFORE THE ELECTION AND ARE NOT ALLOWED TO SPLIT THEIR TICKET IS CALLED

A. AN OPEN PRIMARYB. A BLANKET PRIMARYC. A CLOSED PRIMARYD. A RUNOFF PRIMARYE. A PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY

• WHEN SELECTING A VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE, A PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE IS USUALLY CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH CHOOSING A RUNNING MATE WHO

A. HAS SIGNIFICANT PERSONAL WEALTHB. ADDS BALANCE AND APPEAL TO THE NATIONAL TICKETC. COMES FROM THE SAME IDEOLOGICAL WING OF THE PARTY AS THE PRESIDENTD. CAN SERVE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT DOMESTIC POLICY ADVISOR TO THE PRESIDENTE. CAN EFFECTIVELY PRESIDE OVER THE SENATE

• THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PAC’s) IS TO

A. SERVE AS FUND-RAISING ORGANIZATIONS FOR CHALLENGERSB. PROVIDE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WITH UNBIASED INFORMATION REGARDING PROPOSED LEGISLATIONC. CONSULT WITH THE PRESIDENT REGARDING

DOMESTIC POLICYD. ENCOURAGE BROADER PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS

AMONG THE ELECTORATEE. RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO SUPPORT FAVORED

CANDIDIATE

• REGISTERED VOTERS DIRECTLY ELECT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

I. THE PRESIDENT AND THE VICE PRESIDENT II. SUPREME COURT JUSTICES

III. MEMBERS OF THE SENATE IV. MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

A. I ONLYB. IV ONLYC. I AND II ONLYD. III AND IV ONLYE. II, III, AND IV ONLY

• THE ROLE OF A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE IS TO

A. HOLD HEARINGS ON PROPOSED LEGISLATIONB. OVERSEE THE ACTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE

BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENTC. DECIDE WHICH BILLS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY THE FULL SENATED. CONDUCT HEARINGS THAT MAKE INFORMATION AVALIABLE TO THE PUBLICE. RECONCILE DIFFERENCES IN BILLS PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND SENATE

• SUPREME COURT JUSTICES WERE GIVEN TENURE SUBJECT TO GOOD BEHAVIOR BY THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION IN ORDER TO ENSURE

A. JUSTICES ARE FREE FROM DIRECT POLITICAL PRESSURE

B. JUSTICES REMAIN ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PUBLICC. JUSTICES ARE ENCOURAGED TO MAKE POLITICALLY POPULAR DECISIONSD. COOPERATION BETWEEN THE JUDICIAL AND

LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES IS ASSUREDE. PRESIDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO SEEK YOUNGER NOMINEES FOR THE SUPREME COURT

• THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM IS MORE IMPORTANT IN THE HOUSE THAN THE SENATE BECAUSE

A. THE SENIORITY SYSTEM PLAYS NO ROLE IN THE HOUSE AND THEREFORE COMMITTEES MUST PLAY A LARGER ROLEB. THE CONSTITUTION MANDATES THE TYPE OF COMMITTEE STRUCTURE IN THE HOUSEC. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENTD. THE HOUSE IS SO LARGE THAT MORE WORK CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED IN COMMITTEES THAN ON THE FLOORE. THE MAJORITY IN THE HOUSE PREFERS TO GIVE PRIORITY TO THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEES

• THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF THE SUPREME COURT’S CASELOAD IS

A. ITS ORIGINAL JURISDICTIONB. ITS APPELLATE JURISDICTIONC. INSTRUCTION FROM THE SOLICTOR GENERALD. THE SPECIAL MASTER’S CERTIFICATION OF

CASES FOR REVIEWE. CONGRESS’ CERTIFICATION OF CASES FOR

REVIEW

• A PRESIDENT ATTEMPTING TO INFLUENCE CONGRESS TO PASS A LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM MIGHT EMPLOY ALL OF THE FOLLOWING STRATEGIES EXCEPT

A. USING THE MEDIA TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THE LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM

B. ASSIGNING LEGISLATIVE LIAISONS IN THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT TO LOBBY LEGISLATORSC. DENY CAMPAIGN REELECTION FUNDS TO LEGISLATORS

WHO OPPOSE THE PRESIDENT’S POLICY STANDD. EXPLOITING A PARTISAN MAJORITY FOR THE PRESIDENT’S PARTY IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATEE. REMINDING LEGISLATORS OF HIGH POPULARITY RATINGS

FOR THE PRESIDENT IN PUBLIC OPINION POLLS

• PRESIDENTS HAVE HAD THE MOST SUCCESS IN CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF DECISIONS OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY BY

A. THREATENING TO ASK CONGRESS TO IMPEACH SPECIFIC JUDGESB. USING THE MEDIA TO BUILD CONSENSUS FOR THE PRESIDENT’S POSITIONC. REQUESTING THAT CONGRESS REDUCE THE TERM OF OFFICE THAT JUDGES MAY SERVED. USING THE APPOINTMENT PROCESS TO SELECT JUDGES WITH JUDICIAL PHILOSOPHIES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE PRESIDENTE. PRESSURING CONGRESS TO PASS THE APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION TO OVERRIDE JUDICIAL OPINION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID THE MOST TO EXPAND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE 1950’s?

A. STATE LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS DESEGREGATING PUBLIC ACCOMODATIONSB. STATE COURT DECISIONS OUTLAWING POLL TAXESC. THE PASSAGE OF VOTING-RIGHTS LEGISLATION BY

CONGRESSD. EXECUTIVE ORDERS MANDATING AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONE. THE SUPREME COURT DECISION DECLARING STATE-

MANDATED SCHOOL SEGREGATION TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT THE RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH, AS CURRENTLY INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT?

A. IT PROTECTS THE RIGHT TO EXPRESS OPINIONS EVEN WITHOUT THE ACTUAL USE OF WORDSB. IT PROTECTS THE USE OF LANGUAGE DEEMED OBSCENE BY THE COURTSC. IT ALLOWS CITIZENS TO DISOBEY LAWS THEY BELIEVE TO BE UNJUSTD. IT IS PROTECTED FROM INFRINGEMENT BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BUT NOT FROM INFRINGEMENT BY STATE GOVERNMENTSE. IT CANNOT BE LIMITED IN ANY MANNER

• THE IMPORTANCE OF SHAYS’ REBELLION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS THAT IT

A. REVEALED THE NECESSITY OF BOTH ADDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND CREATING A NEW SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

B. DEMONSTRATED THE INTENSITY OF ANTIRATIFICATION SENTIMENT WITHIN THE THIRTEEN STATES

C. INDICATED THAT A STRONG, CONSTITUTIONALLY DESIGNED NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WAS NEEDED TO PROTECT PROPERY AND MAINTAIN ORDER

D. CONVINCED THE DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TO ACCEPT THE CONNECTICUT PLANE. REINFORCED THE IDEA THAT SLAVERY SHOULD BE

OUTLAWED IN THE NEW CONSTITUTION

• IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL POWER IS PRIMARILY

A. VESTED IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTSB. VESTED IN THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTSC. VESTED IN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENTD. DIVIDED BETWEEN THE CENTRAL

GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTSE. DIVIDED BETWEEN REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS

AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT GROUP VOTING TENDENCIES IS TRUE?

A. JEWISH VOTERS TEND TO VOTE REPUBLICANB. PROTESTANT VOTERS TEND TO BE MORE LIBERAL THAN ROMAN CATHOICS ON ECONOMIC ISSUESC. MORE WOMEN THAN MEN IDENTIFY THEMSELVES AS REPUBLICAND. RURAL VOTERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO SUPPORT DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATES THAN ARE URBAN VOTERSE. AFRICAN AMERICAN DEMOCRATS TEND TO SUPPORT THE MORE LIBERAL CANDIDATES WITHIN THEIR PARTY

• A CORPORATE LOBBYIST WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO HAVE AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION ABOUT A PENDING POLICY MATTER WITH WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE IN WHOSE DISTRICT THE CORPORATION HAS A PLANTB. A MEMBER OF THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF CONCERNED ABOUT THE ISSUEC. A MEMBER OF THE STAFF OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE

HANDLING A MATTER OF CONCERN TO THE CORPORATION

D. A FEDERAL JUDGE IN WHOSE COURT A CASE IMPORTANT TO THE CORPORATION IS BEING HEARDE. A JOURNALIST FOR A MAJOR NEWSPAPER CONCERNED

ABOUT THE ISSUE

• CONGRESSIONAL STANDING COMMITTEESARE BEST DESCRIBED AS

A. SPECIALLY APPOINTED INVESTIGATIVE BODIESB. JOINT COMMITTEES OF THE TWO HOUSES OF

CONGRESSC. COMMITTEES CREATED FOR EACH SESSIOND. PERMANENT SUBJECT-MATTER COMMITTEESE. ADVISORY STAFF AGENCIES

• ALL OF THE FOLOWING POWERS ARE GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION EXCEPT

A. COMMISSIONING OFFICERS IN THE ARMED FORCES

B. ADDRESSING THE CONGRESS ON THE STATE OF THE UNION

C. RECEIVING AMBASSADORSD. GRANTING PARDONS FOR FEDERAL OFFENSESE. FORMING NEW CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENTS

• IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DID CONGRESS MOVE TO REGAIN POWERS PREVIOUSLY LOST TO THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH?

A. BUDGET AND IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACTB. GRAMM-RUDMAN-HOLLINGS ACTC. PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY ACTD. GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTIONE. PERSIAN GULF WAR RESOLUTION

• WHICH THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS CAN CONGRESS TAKE IF THE SUPREME COURT FINDS A FEDERAL LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL?

A. APPEAL THE COURT’S DECISION TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA’S COURT OF APPEALSB. FORMALLY REQUEST THE PRESIDENT TO VETO THE COURT’S DECISIONC. REMOVE CERTAIN MEMBERS OF THE COURT AND REPLACE THEM WITH NEW MEMBERSD. TRY TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTIONE. REENACT THE SAME LAW

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ARTICULATED IN THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION?

A. THE PRESIDENT MAY DECLARE WARB. THE PRESIDENT MUST FINANCE ANY WAR EFFORTS FROM A SPECIAL CONTINGENCY FUNDC. THE PRESIDENT MUST BRING TROOPS HOME FROM HOSTILITIES WITHIN 60 TO 90 DAYS UNLESS CONGRESS EXTENDS THE TIMED. THE PRESIDENT MAY NOT NATIONALIZE STATE MILITIAS WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL CONSENTE. THE PRESIDENT MAY NOT SENT TROOPS INTO HOSTILITIES WITHOUT A DECLARATION OR WAR FROM CONGRESS OR A RESOLUTION FROM THE UNITED NATIONS

• DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMODATIONS WAS MADE ILLEGAL IN THE UNITED STATES AS A RESULT OF THE

A. SUPREME COURT DECISION IN BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION

B. SUPREME COURT DECISION IN SWEATT V. PAINTER

C. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964D. MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTTE. VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965

• MOST OF THE INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS NOW APPLY TO THE STATES BECAUSE OF THE SUPREME COURT’S INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION’S

A. PREAMBLEB. NECESSARYC. SUPREMACY CLAUSED. 10th AMENDMENTE. 14th AMENDMENT

• IN McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND, THE SUPREME COURT ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES?

A. STATES CANNOT INTERFERE WITH OR TAX THE LEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CANNOT INTERFERE IN POLITICAL

DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESSC. THE FEDERAL BILL OF RIGHTS PLACES NO LIMITATIONS

ON THE STATESD. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO

REGULATE COMMERCEE. IT IS WITHIN THE JUDICIARY’S AUTHORITY TO INTERPRET

THE CONSTITUTION

• POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH

A. THE USE OF PRIVATE PROPERTY IS REGULATED BY THE GOVERNMENT

B. GOVERNMENTS COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHERC. PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS GOVERNMENT ARE

MEASURED AND REPORTEDD. POLITICAL VALUES ARE PASSED TO THE NEXT

GENERATIONE. CHILDREN ARE TRAINED FOR SUCCESSFUL

OCCUPATIONS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON THE CHOICE MADE BY VOTERS IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS?

A. PARTISAN IDENTIFICATIONB. PARTY PLATFORM ADOPTED AT THE NATIONAL CONVENTIONC. VICE-PRESIDENTIAL RUNNING MATED. ENDORCEMENT BY POLITICAL INCUMBENTSE. APPEAL OF THE CANDIDATES’ SPOUSES

• THE ADVANTAGE OF INCUMBENCY IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS INCLUDE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

I. INCUMBENTS RECEIVE MORE CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS THAN DO CHALLENGERS

II. INCUMBENTS ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE IMPORTANT SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUAL VOTERSIII. THE GOVERNMENT PROVIDES CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR INCUMBENTSIV. THE PRESIDENT USUALLY ENDORCES INCUMBENTSV. MOST AMERICAN VOTERS BELIEVE CONGRESS DOES A GOOD JOB

A. I AND II ONLYB. III AND IV ONLYC. I, IV, AND V ONLYD. II, III, AND V ONLYE. III, IV, AND V ONLY

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT RULES OF PROCEDURE IN THE HOUSE AND SENATE IS CORRECT?

A. DEBATE BY A DETERMINED MINORITY IN EITHER CHAMBER CANNOT BE HALTED

B. THE RULES IN EACH CHAMBER ARE DETERMINED BY THE MAJORITY WHIP

C. THE RULES ARE SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE I OF THE CONSTITUTIOND. THE RULES CAN BE CHANGED BY THE PRESIDENT

DURING A NATIONAL EMERGENCYE. THE HOUSE OPERATES MORE BY FORMAL RULES, WHILE

THE SENATE OPERATES MORE ON INFORM UNDERSTANDINGS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES RESULTS IN THE REMOVAL OF THE PRESIDENT FROM OFFICE?

A. THE HOUSE AND SENATE VOTE FOR IMPEACHMENT, AND THE SUPREME COURT REACHES A GUILTY VERDICTB. THE HOUSE VOTES FOR IMPEACHMENT, AND THE

SENATE CONDUCTS A TRIAL AND REACHES A GUILTY VERDICTC. THE HOUSE AND SENATE BOTH VOTE FOR A BILL OF IMPEACHMENTD. ONLY THE HOUSE VOTES FOR A BILL OF IMPEACHMENTE. A CRIMINAL COURT FINDS THE PRESIDENT GUILTY OF “HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS”

• INTEREST GROUPS AND POLITICAL PARTIES BOTH PROMOTE UNITED STATES DEMOCRACY BY

A. EXPRESSING DETAILED, IDEOLOGICALLY DISTINCT PROGRAMS

B. CENTRALIZING PUBLIC AUTHORITYC. LINKING CITIZENS TO THE POLITICAL PROCESSD. INCREASING DOMINATION OF THE POLITICAL

PROCESS BY ELITESE. LOBBYING MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE SELECTION OF THE CASELOAD FOR THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT

A. THE CONSTITUTION SPELLS OUT ALL OF THE CATEGORIES OF CASES THAT THE SUPREME COURT MUST HEARB. THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO SELECT THE CASES THAT THE COURT WILL HEARC. THE SOLICITOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DETERMINES THE SUPREME COURT’S AGENDAD. THE SUPREME COURT IS FREE TO CHOOSE THE CASES IT HEARS WITH ONLY FEW LIMITATIONSE. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SCREENS CASES FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT

• THE BOUNDARIES OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS ARE USUALLY DETERMINED BY

A. THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (FEC)B. THE STATE LEGISLATURESC. THE HOUSE RULES COMMITTEED. A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE

AND SENATEE. THE DIRECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES CENSUS

BUREAU

• PUBLIC MONIES ARE USED TO FINANCE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAMPAIGNS?

I. PRESIDENTIALII. CONGRESSIONALIII. GUBERNATORIAL

A. I ONLYB. II ONLYC. I AND II ONLYD. II AND III ONLYE. I, II, AND III

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO AN INCREASE IN PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE POST 1945 ERA EXCEPT

A. TENSIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION DURING THE COLD WAR PERIODB. AN INCREASE IN PUBLIC EXPECTATIONS FOR SERVICES FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTC. ECONOMIC AND DOMESTIC PROBLEMS SUCH AS INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUESD. INCREASING UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSE. LEGISLATION GRANTING THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO IMPOUND FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY CONGRESS

• ONE OF THE FORMAL TOOLS USED BY CONGRESS FOR THE OVERSIGHT OF THE BUREAUCRACY IS

A. THE LINE-ITEM VETOB. AUTHORIZATION OF SPENDINGC. IMPOUNDMENT BILLSD. PRIVATE BILLSE. SENATORIAL COURTESY

• DECISIONS REACHED BY THE SUPREME COURT UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF CHIEF JUSTICE EARL WARREN (1953-1969) DID ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT

A. RULE AGAINST MALAPPORTIONMENT IN STATE LEGISLATURESB. VOID STATE STATUTES THAT PERMITTED SCHOOL SEGREGATIONC. INVALIDATE STATE ABORTION STATUTESD. EXPAND THE RIGHTS OF CRIMINAL DEFENDANTSE. INCREASE PROTECTION FOR 1st AMENDMENT FREEDOMS

• THE “MIRANDA WARNING” REPRESENTS AN ATTEMPT TO PROTECT CRIMINAL SUSPECTS AGAINST

A. UNFAIR POLICE INTERROGATIONB. BIASED JURY SELECTIONC. IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT TRIALD. ILLEGAL WIRETAPPINGE. UNJUSTIFIED POLICE SURVEILLANCE

• THE RESERVED POWERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS THOSE POWERS

A. NOT SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATESB. IMPLIED IN THE 5th AMENDMENTC. LISTED SPECIFICALLY IN THE 10th AMENDMENTD. EXERCISED BY BOTH NATIONAL AND STATE

GOVERNMENTSE. GRANTED TO STATES AS PART OF THE IMPLIED

POWERS DOCTRINE

• CRITICAL ELECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES TYPICALLY HAVE OCCURRED

A. AS A RESULT OF A TEMPORARY SHIFT IN THE POPULAR COALITION SUPPORTING ONE OR BOTH PARTIESB. WHENEVER A THIRD PARTY HAS SECURED MORE THAN 15 PERCENT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTEC. EACH TIME A REPUBLICAN HAS BEEN ELECTED PRESIDENTD. WHEN VOTER TURNOUT HAS DECLINED SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE PREVIOUS ELECTIONE. WHEN GROUPS OF VOTERS HAVE CHANGED THEIR TRADITIONAL PATTERNS OF PARTY LOYALTY

• WHEN 18 TO 21 YEAR OLDS RECEIVED THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN 1971, IN THE 1972 NATIONAL ELECTION THE DID WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR REPUBLICAN CANDIDATESB. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATESC. VOTED OVERWHELMINGLY FOR RADICAL CANDIDATESD. TURNED OUT AT A LOWER RATE THAN THE REST OF THE ELECTORATEE. TURNED OUT AT THE SAME RATE AS THE REST OF THE ELECTORATE

• THE LARGEST AMOUNT OF POLITICAL COVERAGE IN NEWSPAPERS DURING PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS IS DEVOTED TO

A. DAY-TO-DAY CAMPAIGN ACTIVITESB. THE PLATFORM OF MAJOR PARITESC. CANDIDATES’ POLICY STANDS ON DOMESTIC ISSUESD. CANDIDATES’ STAND ON FOREIGN POLICY ISSUESE. CANDIDATES’ EXPERIENCE AND QUAIFICATIONS

• A STATE HAS 11 ELECTORAL VOTES. IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE RECEIVES 48% OF THAT STATE’S POPULAR VOTE, THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE RECEIVES 40% OF THE VOTE, AND AN INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE RECEIVES 12% OF THE VOTE.

IF THE STATE IS SIMILAR TO MOST OTHER STATES, HOW WILL THE ELECTORAL VOTES LIKELY BE ALLOCATED?

A. THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 5 ELECTORAL VOTES, THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 4, AND THE INDEPENDENT WILL RECEIVE 2

B. THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE WILL RECEIVE 6 ELECTORAL VOTES AND THE REPUBLICAN 5

C. THE DEMOCRAT WILL GET ALL 11 ELECTORAL VOTESD. THERE WILL BE A RUNOFF ELECTION BETWEEN THE

DEMOCRAT AND THE REPUBLICANE. THE HOUSE WILL DETERMINE THE ALLOCATION OF

ELECTORAL VOTES

• THE CONGRESSIONAL POWER THAT HAS BEEN CONTESTED MOST FREQUENTLY IN THE FEDERAL COURTS IS THE POWER TO

A. ESTABLISH POST OFFICESB. COIN MONEYC. LEVY TAXESD. REGULATE COMMERCE WITH FOREIGN NATIONSE. REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE

• THE REQUEST OF RECENT PRESIDENT FOR THE LINE-ITEM VETO IS A CHALLENGE TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES?

A. SEPARATION OF POWERSB. SENATORIAL COURTESYC. EMINENT DOMAIND. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGEE. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FORM AN “IRON TRIANGLE”?

A. PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, SUPREME COURTB. PRESIDENT, HOUSE MAJORITY LEADER, SENATE MAJORITY LEADERC. INTEREST GROUP, SENATE MAJORITY LEADER,

HOUSE MAJORITY LEADERD. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, HOUSE MAJORITY

LEADER, PRESIDENTE. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, CONGRESSIONAL

COMMITTEE, INTEREST GROUP

• AN ELECTION INVOLVING MORE THAN 2 CANDIDATES IN WHICH THE PERSON WHO RECEIVES THE MOST VOTES IS THE WINNER IS CALLED

A. A MAJORITY ELECTIONB. A PROPORTIONAL ELECTIONC. A PLURALITY ELECTIOND. A SIMPLE ELECTIONE. AN INDIRECT ELECTION

• CABINET MEMBERS OFTEN DO NOT HAVE A DOMINANT INFLUENCE ON PRESIDENTIAL DECISION-MAKING BECAUSE

A. CABINET MEMBERS GENERALLY MAINTAIN CLOSE INDEPENDENT TIES TO CONGRESSB. CABINET MEMBERS GENERALLY VIEW THEIR POSITION ONLY AS A STEPPING-STONE TO FURTHER THEIR OWN POLITICAL AMBITIONSC. CABINET MEMBERS ARE NOT PERMITTED TO PUBLICLY DISAGREE WITH THE PRESIDENTD. PRESIDENTIAL GOALS OFTEN CONFLICT WITH THE INSTITUTIONAL GOALS OF INDIVIDUAL CABINET-LEVEL AGENCIESE. ONLY HALF OF ALL CABINET MEMBERS CAN BE MEMBERS OF THE PREIDENT’S PARTY

• THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. GUARANTEES FREEDOM OF SPEECH TO ALL CITIZENSB. PREVENTS PRIOR RESTRAINT OF THE PRESSC. PROHIBITS THE SETTING UP OF A STATE CHURCHD. DEFINES THE CONCEPT OF DUAL CITIZENSHIPE. ALLOWS CITIZENS TO ENTER FREELY INTO CONTRACTS WITH OTHER CITIZENS

• GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT AND ROE V. WADE ARE SIMILAR SUPREME COURT CASES IN THAT BOTH CASES ARE BASED ON THE

A. RIGHTS OF GAY MEN AND LESBIAN WOMENB. RIGHT OF PRIVACYC. RIGHT TO AN ABORTIOND. RIGHT TO FREEDOM FROM CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTE. RIGHT OF WOMEN TO EQUAL PROTECTION BEFORE THE LAW

• THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION ALL BELIEVED THAT ONE OF THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT IS

A. EDUCATING CITIZENSB. PROTECTING INDIVDUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSC. PROTECTING NEW IMMIGRANTS FROM

PERSECUTIOND. EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF THE NATIONE. ENSURING THAT ANYONE ACCUSED OF A CRIME

HAS THE RIGHT TO LEGAL REPRESENTION

• IN THE FEDERALIST PAPERS, JAMES MADISON EXPRESSED THE VIEW THAT POLITICAL FACTIONS

A. SHOULD BE NURTURED BY A FREE NATIONB. SHOULD PLAY A MINOR ROLE IN ANY FREE NATIONC. ARE CENTRAL TO THE CREATION OF A FREE NATIOND. ARE UNDESIRABLE BUT INEVITABLE IN A FREE

NATIONE. ARE NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE MASSES IN A FREE NATION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF NOMINEES FOR FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS?

A. THEY ARE RECRUITED FROM THE CURRENT POOL OF UNITED STATES ATTORNEYSB. THEY ARE NOMINATED BY THE SENATE AND APPROVED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESC. THEY ARE ELECTED IN POPULAR ELECTIONS IN INDIVIDUAL STATESD. THEY MUST RECEIVE THE APPROVAL OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION UPON NOMINATIONE. THEY ARE APPOINTED FOR LIFE BY THE PRESIDENT WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE SENATE

• AGREEMENT AMONG 4 JUSTICES ON THE SUPREME COURT IS ALWAYS SUFFICIENT TO

A. DECIDE THE OUTCOME OF THE CASEB. WRITE A MAJORITY OPINIONC. SET A PRECEDENTD. OVERTURN A LOWER COURT’S OPINIONE. ACCEPT A CASE FOR CONSIDERATION

• IN SELECTING MEMBERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF, PRESIDENTS PRIMARILY SEEKS PEOPLE WHO

A. GIVE THE WHITE HOUSE IDEOLOICAL BALANCEB. ARE PERSONALLY LOYAL TO THE PRESIDENTC. HAVE EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENTAL EXPERIENCED. WILL HELP THE PRESIDENT DEVELOP A GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH CONGRESSE. CAN BRING A NONPARTISAN PERSPECTIVE TO POLICY DELIBERATIONS

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS PERTAINING TO THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO ARE TRUE EXCEPT

A. CONGRESS OVERRIDES FEWER THAN 10 % OF PRESIDENTIAL VETOESB. A VETOED BILL IS OFTEN REVISED AND PASSED IN ANOTHER FORMC. PRESIDENTS OFTEN THREATEN TO VETO BILLS TO INCREASE THEIR LEVERAGE WITH CONGRESSD. A PRESIDENT MAY VETO PART OF A BILLE. CONGRESS OFTEN PLACES PROVISIONS THE PRESIDENT WANTS INO A BILL THE PRESIDENT DISLIKES TO MAKE A VETO LESS LIKELY

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECT STATEMENT ABOUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PAC’s)?

A. THE NUMBER OF PAC’s HAS REMAINED STABLE OVER THE PAST DECADEB. MOST PAC MONEY IS DISTRIBUTED TO CHALLENGERS IN

AN EFFORT TO UNSEAT HOSTILE INCUMBENTSC. THE AMOUNT OF MONEY THAT PAC’s CAN CONTRIBUTE

DIRECTLY TO AN INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE IS LIMITED BY LAWD. PAC’s ARE ILLEGAL IN MOST STATESE. PAC’s RARELY ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATION THROUGH LOBBYING ACTIVITIES

• A “CLOTURE MOTION” PASSED IN THE SENATE DOES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. RETURNS A BILL TO A COMMITTEEB. CUTS OFF DEBATE ON A BILLC. CRITICIZES A SENATOR GUILTY OF IMPROPRIETIESD. REMOVES A PRESIDENT WHO HAS BEEN IMPEACHED BY THE HOUSEE. BRINGS A BILL DIRECTLY TO A VOTE WITHOUT FORMAL COMMITTEE APPROVAL

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST CHARACTERIZES THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEWS MEDIA ON PUBLIC OPINION IN THE UNITED STATES?

A. THEY ALTER THE PUBLIC’S VIEWS ON ISSUESB. THE AFFECT WHICH ISSUES THE PUBLIC THINKS

ARE IMPORTANTC. THEY DETERMINE HOW CITIZENS WILL VOTED. THEY ARE MOST ABLE TO INFLUENCE PEOPLE WITH

THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATIONE. THEY ARE MOST ABLE TO INFLUENCE THE URBAN

SECTORS OF SOCIETY

• OF THE FOLLOWING, WHICH GROUP VOTED MOST HEAVILY DEMOCRATIC IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION BETWEEN 1964 AND 1992?

A. MEXICAN AMERICANSB. CHINESE AMERICANSC. JEWISH AMERICANSD. BLACK AMERICANSE. ROMAN CATHOLIC AMERICANS

• TO ENFORCE THE 14th AMENDMENT MORE CLEARLY, CONGRESSED PASSED THE

A. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964B. GRAMM-RUDMAN-HOLLINGS ACTC. SOCIAL SECURITY ACTD. 26th AMENDMENTE. WAR POWERS RESOLUTION

• IN THE UNITED STATES, MOST CRIMINAL CASES END IN

A. A PLEA BARGAIN NEGOTIATED BY THE DEFENSE AND PROSECUTION

B. AN APPEAL TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

C. AN APPEAL TO A STATE COURT OF APPEALSD. A TRIAL BY JUDGEE. A TRIAL BY JURY

• THOSE WHO BELIEVE THAT THE SUPREME COURT IN ITS RULINGS SHOULD DEFER TO THE ELECTIVE INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT ARE ADVOCATING

A. SOCIAL DARWINISMB. JUDICIAL ACTIVISMC. JUDICIAL RESTRAINTD. INCORPORATIONE. NULLIFICATION

• IN GENERAL, CONGRESS IS MOST LIKELY TO DEFER TO THE PRESIDENT

A. IN THE AREA OF FOREIGN POLICYB. IN THE AREA OF FISCAL POLICYC. IN THE AREA OF SOCIAL POLICYD. LATE IN THE PRESIDENT’S TERME. WHEN THE ECONOMY IS STRONG

• IN TRYING TO INFLUENCE LEGISLATION, THE PRESIDENT IS GENERALLY MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS IN

A. USING THE LEGISLATIVE SCHEDULE TO POLITICAL ADVANTAGE

B. ENFORCING PARTY DISCIPLINEC. SATISFYING INTEREST GROUP DEMANDS FOR

ACCESS TO THE POLICY PROCESSD. EFFECTIVELY USING FORMAL PARLIAMENTARY POWERS RATHER THAN PERSUASIONE. USING THE MEDIA TO SET THE POLICY AGANDA

• SUPPORTERS OF GRANTING THE PRESIDENT A LINE-ITEM VETO WOULD MOST LIKELY ARGUE THAT THIS POWER WOULD INCREASE A PRESIDENT’S ABILITY TO

A. WORK EFFECTIVELY WITH THE CABINETB. NEGOTIATE UNDERSTANDINGS WITH FOREIGN

HEADS OF GOVERNMENTC. CONTROL FEDERAL SPENDINGD. AVOID COSTLY DISPUTES WITH THE JUDICIARYE. PROVIDE EFFECTIVELY FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF AN EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT MADE BETWEEN A UNITED STATES PRESIDENT AND ANOTHER HEAD OF STATE?

A. IT DOES NOT REQUIRE SENATE APPROVAL, BUT MAY REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR IMPLEMENTATIONB. IT DOES NOT REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL FUNDING

BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT CAN USE THE POWER OF THE PURSE TO RAISE IMPLEMENTATION FUNDS

C. IT HAS MORE LEGAL FORCE THAN A TREATYD. IT IS BINDING ON ALL SUCCEEDING PRESIDENTS AND CONGRESSESE. IT HAS BEEN USED EXTENSIVELY TO END ARMED

CONFLICTS

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE REASONS INCUMBENTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ENJOY AN ELECTORAL ADVANTAGE OVER CHALLENGERS EXCEPT THAT INCUMBENTS

A. GET SUBSTANTIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THEIR PARTY’S NATIONAL COMMITTEEB. ARE BETTER KNOWN TO VOTES THAN ARE CHALLENGERSC. FIND IT MUCH EASIER TO RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS THAN DO CHALLENGERSD. CAN USE STAFF MEMBERS TO DO CONSTITUENT SERVICEE. OFTEN SERVE ON COMMITTEES THAT ENABLE THEM TO HELP THE COMMUNTY

• THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET HAS THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DOING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. IMPLEMENTING FEDERAL UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY

B. PREPARING THE BUDGETC. AUDITING THE BUDGETD. APPROPRIATING FUNDS FOR THE BUDGETE. APPROVING THE BUDGET

• THE BOUNDARY LINES FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS ARE DRAWN BY

A. THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

B. THE UNITED STATES SENATEC. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTSD. STATE GOVERNORSE. STATE LEGISLATURES

• THE MOST COMMON FORM OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY UNDERTAKEN BY UNITED STATES CITIZENS IS

A. LOBBYING TO INFLUENCE DECISIONS BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS

B. CAMPAIGNING FOR CANDIDATES FOR OFFICEC. CONTRIBUTING MONEY TO A POLITICAL PARTYD. VOTING IN LOCAL ELECTIONSE. VOTING IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBES HOW U.S. CITIZENS REGARD THE RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH AND ASSEMBLY?

A. A MAJORITY AGRESS IN PRINCIPLE WITH THESE RIGHTS, BUT IN PRACTICE MANY PEOPLE ARE OFTEN INTOLERANT OF VIEWS THEY DO NOT SUPPORTB. A MAJORITY ACTIVELY SUPPORT THESE RIGHTS WITHOUT RESERVATIONS.C. A MAJORITY OPPOSE THESE RIGHTS IN PRINCIPLED. THE AVERAGE CITIZEN IS MORE SUPPORTIVE OF THESE RIGHTS THAN ARE MEMBERS OF THE ELITEE. CONSERVATIVES HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN MORE SUPPORTIVE OF THESE RIGHTS THAN HAVE LIBERALS

• THE 14th AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUPREME COURT TO

A. EXPAND PRESIDENTIAL POWERB. RESTRICT THE APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEWC. MAKE MOST RIGHTS CONTAINED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE STATESD. PREVENT STATES FROM TAXING AGENCIES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTE. LIMIT THE USE OF THE LEGISLATIVE VETO

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT DIVIDED PARTY CONTROL OF THE PRESIDENCY AND CONGRESS?

A. IT IS A NATURAL OCCURRENCE DUE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCESB. IT RARELY OCCURS IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONSC. IT PROMOTES QUICK ACTION BY THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS ON SUCH ISSUES AS THE FEDERAL BUDGETD. IT REFLECTS A FREQUENT ELECTION PATTERN OVER THE PAST THREE DECADESE. IT RESULTS FROM THE REAPPORTIONMENT OF HOUSE SEATS AFTER THE DECENNIAL CENSUS

• THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT WAS DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO GIVE

A. CONGRESS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM CITIZENS

B. POLICE ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM CRIMINAL SUSPECTS

C. THE COURTS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM REPORTERS

D. CITIZENS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM THE EXECUTIVE BRANCHE. CONGRESS ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM THE

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM?

A. IT ENCOURAGES THE EMERGENCE OF THIRD PARTIESB. IT ENCOURAGES CANDIDATES TO CONCENTRATE

THEIR CAMPAIGNS IN COMPETITIVE, POPULOUS STATES

C. IT ENSURES THAT THE VOTES OF ALL CITIZENS COUNT EQUALLY IN SELECTING THE PRESIDENTD. IT REQUIRES THAT A CANDIDATE WIN A MINIMUM OF 26 STATES TO OBTAIN A MAJORITY IN THE COLLEGEE. IT TENDS TO MAKE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS APPEAR CLOSER THAN THEY REALLY ARE

• THE CONGRESSIONAL SYSTEM OF STANDING COMMITTEES IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE IT

A. FOSTERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERTISE BY MEMBERSB. HELPS CONGRESS REDUCE STAFF COSTSC. INSULATES DECISION-MAKING FROM THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL INTERESTSD. WEAKENS CONGRESS IN ITS DEALINGS WITH THE PRESIDENTE. PREVENTS CONGRESS FROM EFFECTIVELY PROCESSING ITS LARGE LEGISLATIVE WORKLOAD

• ELECTIONS FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PROVIDE

A. APPROXIMATELY EQUAL REPRESENTATION FOR EVERY VOTERB. AN EQUAL CHANCE OF GETTING ELECTED FOR BOTH INCUMBENTS AND CHALLENGERSC. A SYSTEM IN WHICH ONLY THOSE CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE A MAJORITY OF THE VOTES CAST WIN ON THE FIRST BALLOTD. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF VOTES CAST FOR EACH PARTYE. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES

• IN CONTRAST TO REVENUE SHARING, CATEGORICAL GRANTS-IN-AID PROVIDE STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

A. SUBSTANTIAL DISCRETION IN DECIDING HOW TO USE THE GRANTS TO SOLVE THEIR PROBLEMS

B. AID THAT REFLECTS TAX BASE AND POPULATIONC. THE POWER TO IMPOSE REGRESSIVE TAXESD. FUNDS SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT A HIGH LEVEL OF

LOCAL SERVICEE. FUNDS TO ADMINISTER PROGRAMS CLEARLY

SPECIFIED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS IMPOWERED TO CREATE NEW FEDERAL COURTS AND SPECIFY THE NUMBER OF JUDGES WHO WILL SIT ON THEM?

A. THE SUPREME COURTB. CONGRESSC. THE PREIDENTD. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICEE. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

• THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION (1973) WAS DESIGNED TO

A. ALLOW THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF TO ADVICE THE PRESIDENT DURING PERIODS OF CONFLICTB. ALLOW THE PRESIDENTS TO SUSPEND CERTAIN CIVIL LIBERTIES DURING TMES OF WARC. REQUIRES A CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATION OF WAR BEFORE ALLOWING MILITARY FORCES TO BE USED OVERSEASD. ASSURES CONGRESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN DECISIONS COMMITTING MILITARY FORCES IN HOSTILE SITUATIONS OVERSEASE. ENSURES FUNDING FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS LASTING MORE THAN 60 AYS

• THE PRIMARY REASON FOR THE CURRENT EXISTENCE OF ONLY TWO MAJOR PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES IS THAT

A. THE CONSTITUTION PUTS SEVERE RESTRICTIONS ON OTHER PARTIESB. THIRD PARTIES ARE USUALLY FAR TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT, AND AMERICANS ARE MODERATESC. A WINNER-TAKE-ALL ELECTORAL SYSTEM MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR NEW PARTIES TO EMERGE AND SURVIVED. VOTERS NATURALY THINK OF THEMSELVES AS EITHER LIBERALS OR CONSERVATIVESE. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS CAN VOTE FOR ONLY TWO CANDIDATES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HAS THE MOST INFLUENCE ON THE OUTCOME OF A CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION?

A.LOCAL PERFORMANCE OF A CANDIDATE’S PARTY IN THE PRESIDENTIAL RACE

B. A CANDIDATE’S INCUMBENCY STATUSC. THE AMOUNT OF A CANDIDATE’S CAMPAIGN

SPENDING RELATIVE TO THAT OF HIS OR HER OPPONENT

D. THE LEVEL OF SUPPORT FROM LOCAL PARTY LEADERS

E. THE LEVEL OF VOTER TURNOUT

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN ACCURATE STATEMENT ABOUT THE VOTER TURNOUT RATE IN THE UNITED STATES?

A. IT IS HIGH BECAUSE OF THE LARGE NUMBER OF ELECTIVE OFFICESB. IT IS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AMONG MEN THAN AMONG WOMENC. IT IS LOWER THAN MOST OTHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIESD. IT INCREASED SHARPLY WHEN EIGHTEEN YEAR OLDS WERE GIVEN THE RIGHT TO VOTEE. IT HAS BEEN STAEDY OVER THE LAST THIRTY YEARS

• THE CLEAR-AND-PRESENT-DANGER TEST DEVISED BY THE SUPREME COURT WAS DESIGNED TO DEFINE THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH PUBLIC AUTHORITIES COULD

A. BAN OBSCENE MATERIALSB. SUSPEND HABEAS CORPUS PROTECTIONSC. MOBILIZE THE NATIONAL GUARDD. LIMIT FREE SPEECHE. COMMIT TROOPS TO SITUATIONS OF

POTENTIAL FOREIGN COMBAT

• A COMMITTEE CHAIR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IS ALWAYS

A. THE MEMBER WITH THE LONGEST SERVICE ON THE COMMITTEE

B. THE MEMBER WITH THE LONGEST SERVICE IN THE HOUSE

C. A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SPEAKERD. A MEMBER OF THE MAJORITY PARTY IN THE

CHAMBERE. A TRUSTED ALLY OF THE PRESIDENT

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF INDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIES?

A. THEY TEND TO HAVE LARGER BUDGETS THAN CABINET DEPARTMENTSB. THEY ARE DIRECTLY SUPERVISED BY CABINET DEPARTMENTSC. THEY PROVIDE A PRODUCT OR SERVICE DIRECTLY TO THE PUBLICD. THEY ARE INSULATED FROM CONTACT WITH INTEREST GROUPSE. THEY TEND TO BE FREER FROM PRESIDENTIAL CONTROL THAN ARE CABINET DEPARTMENTS

• COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES AND CONSTITUENTS OCCURS MAINLY THROUGH

A. COMMITTEE HEARINGSB. THE MEDIAC. THE PERSONAL STAFF OF REPRESENTATIVESD. THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACYE. STAFF MEMBERS OF CONGRESSIONAL

COMMITTEES

• THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION IN ROE V. WADE WAS BASED ON

A. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IMPLIED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTSB. GUARANTEES OF FREEDOM OF RELIGION CONTAINED IN THE FIRST AMENDMENTC. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE FIFTH AMENDMENTD. THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTE. A FEDERAL STATUTE LEGALIZING ABORTION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT INCUMBENT SENATORS RUNNING FOR REELECTION IS CORRECT?

A. THE SENATORS WITH THE BEST CHANCE OF REELECTION ARE THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED THE LONGESTB. THE AMOUNT OF MONEY SPENT BY A CHALLENGER HAS LITTLE BEARING ON AN INCUMBENT’S REELECTION CHANCESC. INCUMBENT SENATORS ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE REELECTED THAN ARE INCUMBENT MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESD. AN INCUNBENT SENATOR IS EQUALLY LIKELY TO BE REELECTED OR DEFEATEDE. THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR INFLUENCING THE REELECTION CHANCES OF SENATORS IS WHETHER THEY BELONG TO THE PRESIDENT’S PARTY

• THE MOST COMMON CRITERION THAT PEOPLE USE WHEN VOTING FOR A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IS THE CANDIDATE’S

A. VIEWS ON SPECIFIC ISSUESB. PARTY IDENTIFICATIONC. IDEOLOGICAL POSITIOND. PERSONAL APPEARANCEE. FISCAL POLICY

• PROTECTION OF THE LEGAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN HAS BEEN FACILITATED BY THE PASSAGE OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

I. THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENTII. THE EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963III. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964IV. THE EDUCATION AMENDEMENTS ACT OF 1972

A. II ONLYB. I AND III ONLYC. I AND IV ONLYD. II, III, AND IV ONLYE. I, II, III, AND IV

• WHICH IF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES PROTECTS A CITIZEN FROM IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT A TRIAL?

A. REPRISENTATIVE GOVERNMENTB. SEPARATION OF POWERSC. DUE PROCESSD. CHECKS AND BALANCESE. POPULAR SOVEREIGNITY

• AT FIRST-TERM MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM NORTH DAKOTA WHO WISHED TO MAXIMIZE OPPORTUNTIES FOR CONSTITUENT SERVICE WOULD BE MOST LIKELY TO SEEK PLACEMENT ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES?

A. JUDICIARYB. AGRICULTUREC. RULESD. FOREIGN AFFAIRSE. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS, THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF AN ELECTION FOR A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HAS BEEN

A. INCUMBENCYB. PERSONAL WEALTHC. PREVIOUS POLITICAL OFFICES HELD IN THE

DISTRICTD. MEMBERSHIP IN THE POLITICAL PARTY OF THE PRESIDENTE. POSITIONS ON KEY SOCIAL ISSUES

• THE POWER OF THE RULES COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESTATIVES RESTS ON ITS AUTHORITY TO

A. CHOOSE THE CHAIRS OF OTHER STANDING COMMITTEES AND ISSUE RULES FOR THE SELECTION OF SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRSB. INITIATE ALL SPENDING LEGISLATION AND HOLD BUDGET HEARINGSC. PLACE A BILL ON THE LEGISLATIVE CALENDER, LIMIT TIME FOR DEBATE, AND DETERMINE THE TYPE OF AMENDMENTS ALLOWEDD. DETERMINE THE PROCEDURES BY WHICH NOMINATIONS BY THE PRESIDENT WILL BE APPROVED BY THE HOUSEE. CHOOSE THE PRESIDENT IF NO CANDIDATE WINS A MAJORITY IN THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE

• IN MARBURY V. MADISON (1803), THE SUPREME COURT ASSUMED THE POWER TO

A. DECIDE WHETHER INTERNAL CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURES ARE CONSTITUTIONAL

B. ADVISE CONGRESS ON THE ` CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A PROPOSED LAW

C. REGULATE SLAVERYD. DECIDE ON THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A LAW

OR AN EXECUTIVE ACTIONE. APPROVE EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS

• THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD HAVE THE MOST DIRECT INFLUENCE ON

A. BANK INTEREST RATESB. GOVERNMENT SPENDINGC. OIL PRICESD. TROOP-STRENGTH LEVELS OF THE ARMED

SERVICESE. AVAILABILITY OF SCARCE MINERALS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS MOST ACCURATELY COMPARES ELECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES WITH THOSE IN MOST OTHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIES?

A. UNITED STATES CITIZENS HAVE FEWER OPPORTUNITES TO VOTE IN ELECTIONSB. POLITICAL PARTIES EXERT A STRONGER INFLUENCE OVER VOTING IN THE UNITED STATESC. THERE ARE FEWER OBSTACLES TO VOTING IN THE UNITED STATESD. THERE ARE MORE POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATESE. THE VOTER TURNOUT RATE IN THE UNITED STATES IS USUALLY LOWER

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES OF AMERICAN LABOR UNIONS IS RECOGNIZED BY LAW?

A. ENGAGING IN STRIKESB. DENYING THE PUBLIC ACCESS TO A BUSINESSC. REFUSING A SUBPOENA TO APPEAR BEFORE AN INVESTIGATIVE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESSD. DISOBEYING A COURT INJUNCTION TO RETURN TO WORKE. REQUIRING MEMBERS TO MAKE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS?

A. THE LOWER ONE’S SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, THE MORE LIKELY IT IS THAT ONE WILL RUN FOR PUBLIC OFFICE.B. THE HIGHER ONE’S SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, THE GREATER THE PROBABILITY OF ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS.C. ADULTS WHO ARE UNEMPLOYED HAVE A GREATER PERSONAL INTEREST IN POLICY AND TEND TO PARTICIPATE MORE ACTIVELY IN POLITICS THAN DO EMPLOYED ADULTS.D. PEOPLE IN THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS.E. THERE IS NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE LEAST LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN PART OF THE NEW DEAL ELECTORAL COALITION?

A. BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS B. RACIAL MINORITIES C. SOUTHENERS D. NORTHERN BUSINESS LEADERS E. FARM LABORERS

• THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION GUARANTEES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS TO PERSON ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH SERIOUS CRIME EXCEPT THE RIGHT TO

A. REMAIN SILENT B. BE REPRESENTED BY A LAWYER C. NEGOTIATE A PLEA BARGAIN D. DEMAND A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS E. RECEIVE A SPEEDY AND PUBLIC TRIAL

• “THE CONSTITUTION LIMITS THE SIZE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TO____”

-STATE OF ALABAMA LITERACY TEST. 1936

THE QUESTION ABOVE AND THE LITERACY TEST FROM WHICH IT CAME WERE MOST LIKELY DESIGNED TO

A. DETERMINE THE LITERACY OF POTENTIAL VOTERS

B. PREVENT BLACK PEOPLE FROM EXERCISING THEIR RIGHT TO VOTE C. ASSESS THE GENERAL POPULATIONS UNDERSTANDING OF THE

CONSTITUTION D. PROMOTE OPPOSITION TO STATEHOOD FOR THE DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA E. STOP PEOPLE FROM MOVING TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

• THE DETAILS OF LEGISLATION ARE USUALLY WORKED OUT IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS?

A. A PARTY CAUCUS B. THE MAJORITY LEADERS OFFICE C. THE FLOOR OF THE HOUSE

D. LEGISLATIVE HEARINGSE. A SUBCOMMITTEE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF EXECUTIVE SPENDING PROPOSALS SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS?

A. TREASURY DEPARTMENT B. COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVIDORSC. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION D. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEE. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

• IN UNITED STATES V. NIXON THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT

A. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH SHOULD NOT INTERVENE IN POLITICAL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS B. PRESIDENTIAL POWER IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY EXTENDED DURING TIMES OF NATIONAL SECURITYC. PRESIDENTS MUST ACCOUNT TO THE COURT FOR THE WAY IN WHICH THEY INPLEMENT POLICY D. THERE IS NO CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE OF UNQUALIFIED EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE E. THE PRESIDENT DOES NOT HAVE THE POWER OF AN ITEM VETO OVER CONGRESSIONAL LEGISLATION

• “PORK BARREL” LEGISLATION HELPS THE REELECTION CHANCES OF A MEMBER OF CONGRESS BECAUSE SUCH LEGISLATION

A. GIVES THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS NATIONAL STANDING AND COVERAGE ON NATIONAL TELEVISION NEWSB. HELPS EARN THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS A REPUTATION FOR SERVICE TO HIS OR HER DISTRICTC. ATTRACTS CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS FROM IDEOLOGICAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEESD. PREVENTS OTHER CANIDATES FROM CLAIMING THAT THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS IS TOO LIBERAL FOR HIS OR HER DISTRICTE. REQUIRES THE MEMBER OF CONGRESS TO TRAVEL EXTENSIVELY

• AN ADVANTAGE THAT BUREAUCRATS IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAVE OVER THE PRESIDENT IN THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS IS THAT BUREAUCRATS

A. CONTROL THE BUDGETARY PROCESSB. HAVE AN INDEPENDENCE FROM THE PRESIDENT

THAT IS GUARANTED BY THE CONSTITUTIONC. FIND IT EASIER TO MARSHALL PUBLIC SUPPORT THAN DOES THE PRESIDENTD. USUALLY HAVE A CONTINUITY OF SERVICE IN THE

EXECUTIVE BRANCH THAT THE PRESIDENT LACKSE. HAVE BETTER ACCESS TO THE MEDIA THAN DOES

THE PRESIDENT

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION’S ANNUAL BUDGET?

A. THE PREFERENCES OF THE CHAIR OF THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE

B. THE BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION

C. THE RATE OF INCREASE OF TEACHERS’ SALARIESD. THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN ENTERING

KINDERGARDENE. THE SIZE OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR’S BUDGET

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO MAINTAIN A NATIONAL LOBBYING ORGANIZATION IN WASHINGTON D.C.?

A. ENVIRONMENTALISTSB. PUBLIC HOUSING TENANTSC. NURSESD. AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURESE. AUTOMOBILE ASSEMBLY-LINE WORKERS

• IN THE CONSTITUTION AS ORIGINALLY RATIFIED IN 1788, THE PROVISIONS REGARDING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST CLOSELY APPROXIMATE POPULAR MAJORIATARIAN DEMOCRACY?

A. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

B. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE SENATEC. ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT D. RATIFICATION OF TREATIESE. CONFIRMATION OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS

• BETWEEN 1964 AND 1984 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD HAVE BEEN MOST LIKELY TO VOTE FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE?

A. A CUBAN –AMERICAN BUSINESS EXECUTIVE FROM MIAMIB. A BLACK TEACHER FROM LOS ANGELESC. A WHITE DOCTOR FROM ATLANTAD. A POLISH-AMERICAN TRUCK DRIVER FROM PHOENIXE. A METHODIST FARMER FROM IOWA

• MOST OF THE BILLS INTRODUCED IN THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE ARE THEN

A. PASSED BY ONE CHAMBER BUT NOT THE OTHER

B. PASSED BY BOTH CHAMBERS BUT VETOED BY THE PRESIDENT

C. REFERRED TO COMMITTEE BUT NEVER SENT TO THE FULL CONGRESS

D. VOTED DOWN DURING THE AMENDMENT STAGE OF THE FLORR DEBATE

E. KILLED IN THE RULES COMMITTEE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DEFINES THE TERM “JUDICIAL ACTIVISM”?

A. THE DEMANDS ON JUDGES TO HEAR LARGE NUMBERS OF CASES

B. THE EFFORT OF JUDGES TO LOBBY CONGRESS FOR FUNDS C. THE ATTEMPS BY JUDGES TO INFLUENCE ELECTION OUTCOMESD. THE UNWILLINGNESS OF JUDGES TO REMOVE THEMSELVES FROM CASES IN WHICH THEY HAVE A PERSONAL INTERESTE. THE TENDENCY OF JUDGES TO INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN VIEWS

• A PRESIDENT MAY PERSUADE RECALCITRANT MEMBERS OF CONGERESS TO VOTE FOR A PARTICULAR BILL BY

A. HAVING MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL TRANSFERRED TO UNPOPULAR COMMITTEES B. DENYING CAMPAIGN FUNDS TO MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL C. THREATENING TO DENY RENOVATION TO MEMBERS WHO OPPOSE THE BILL D. THREATENING TO ITEM VETO PART OF A DIFFERENT BILL THAT ENJOYS BIPARTISIAN SUPPORT IN CONGRESSE. MAKING A DIRECT APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA

• IN GENERAL, INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSIONS ARE CREATED PRIMARILY FOR THE PURPOSE OF

A. SUPPORTING AND HELPING CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENTSB. PROPOSING POLICY ALTERNATIVES DURING PERIODS OF

CRISISC. REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF OTHER BUREAUCRATIC

AGENCIES TO ENSURE THAT THEY ACT IN A FAIR AND OBJECTIVE MANNER

D. REGULATING CERTAIN INDUSTRIES TO PROTECT THE PUBLIC INTERESTE. INCREASING THE PRESIDENT’S PATRONAGE POWERS

• THE PRESIDENT’S VETO POWER IS ACCURATELY DESCRIBED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATESMENTS?

I. A PRESIDENT SOMETIMES THREATENS TO VETO A BILL THAT IS UNDER DISCUSSION IN ORDER TO INFLUENCE CONGRESSIONAL DECISION-MAKING.

II. A PRESIDENT TYPICALLY VETEOS ABOUT A THIRD OF THE BILLS PASSED BY CONGRESS.

III. CONGRESS IS USUALLY UNABLE TO OVERRIDE A PRESIDENT’S VETO.

A. I ONLYB. III ONLYC. I AND III ONLYD. II AND III ONLYE. I, II, AND III

• INVOCATION OF THE WAR POWERS ACT OF 1973 WOULD BE MOST IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. THE NATURE OF THE COMMITMENT OF UNITED STATES MARINES TO A PEACE-KEEPING ROLE IN LEBANON

B. THE AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL AID TO CONTRAS OF NICARAGUA

C. THE TIMING OF NAVAL MANEUVERS OFF THE COAST OF LIBYA D. THE APPOINTMENT OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFFE. THE LEGALITY OF EXTRADITING FOREIGN AGENTS

RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTS OF TERRORISM AGAISNT UNITED STATES CITIZENS ABROAD

• AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE IS CHARACTERIZED BY STRONG POPULAR SUPPORT FOR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT

A. THE RULE OF LAWB. LIMITED GOVERNMENTC. INDIVIDUAL LIBERTYD. EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYE. ECONOMIC EQUALITY

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE COMMONLY USED BY INTEREST GROUPS TO INFLUENCE THE POLITICAL PROCESS EXCEPT

A.LOBBYINGB. CONTRIBUTING MONEY TO

CANDIDATESC. NOMINATING CANDIDATESD. FILING LAWSUITSE. APPEALING TO PUBLIC OPINION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DEFINES THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF FEDERALISM?

A. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES EACH HAVE SEPARATE AND MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: NEITHER CONTROLS THE OTHER.

B. THE STATES HAVE SOME POWERS RESERVED TO WHICH THEY MAY EXERCISE IF THE SUPREME COURT PERMITS.

C. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES HAVE SEPARATE BUT OVERLAPPING POWERS. IF THERE IS A CONFLICT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PREVAILS

D. THE STATES MAY ONLY EXERCISE THOSE POWERS DELEGATED TO THEM BY CONGRESS

E. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MAY EXERCISE ONLY THOSE POWERS SPECIFICALLY ENUMERATED IN THE CONSTITUTION.

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ISSUES WERE DECIDED AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION EXCEPT

A. REPRESENTATION IN LEGISLATUREB. VOTING QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ELECTORATEC. METHOD OF ELECTING THE PRESIDENTD. CONGRESSIONAL POWER TO OVERRIDE

A PRESIDENTIAL VETOE. QUALIFICATIONS FOR MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE AND SENATE

• THE USEFULNESS TO THE PRESIDENT OF HAVING CABINET MEMBERS AS POLITICAL ADVISERS IS UNDERMINED BY THE FACT THAT

A. THE PRESIDENT HAS LITTLE LATITUDE IN CHOOSING CABINET MEMBERS

B. CABINET MEMBERS HAVE NO POLITICAL SUPPORT INDEPENDENT OF THE PRESIDENT

C. CABINET MEMBERS ARE USUALLY DRAWN FROM CONGRESS AND RETAIN LOYALTIES TO CONGRESS

D. THE LOYALTIES OF CABINET MEMBERS ARE OFTEN DIVIDED BETWEEN LOYALTY TO THE PRESIDENT AND LOYALTY TO THEIR OWN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS

E. THE CABINET OPERATES AS A COLLECTIVE UNIT AND INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS HAVE NO ACCESS TO THE PRESIDENT

• CONGRESS HAS EXERTED THE GREATEST INFLUENCE ON THE OPERATION OF A FEDERAL AGENCY BY DOING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

A. REQURING THE AGENCY TO PARTICIPATE IN INTERAGENCY TASK FORCESB. DISMISSING AN AGENCY HEAD WHO DISAGREES WITH CONGRESSIONAL PRIORITIESC. REVIEWING THE ANNUAL BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE AGENCYD. PASSING “SUNSET” LEGISLATION THAT TEMINATES PROGRAMS AFTER A CERTAIN PERIODE. ASKING THE SUPREME COURT FOR ADVISORY OPINIONS ON AGENCY REGULATIONS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN ACCURATE STATEMENT ABOUT POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY?

A. A MAJORITY OF AMERICANS CAMPAIGN FOR A CANDIDATE IN EACH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.B. OVER 75% OF AMERICANS VOTE IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS.C. PEOPLE WHO PARTICIPATE IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS ARE USUALLY ANGRY AT GOVERNMENTD. SIMILAR PROPORTIONS OF ELIGIBLE MEN AND WOMEN VOTE IN PRESIDENTION ELECTIONS.E. PEOPLE IN THEIR THIRTIES OR FORTIES ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE ACTIVE IN POLITICS THAN ARE THOSE AGED 18-21.

• THE AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION THAT WERE RATIFIED DURING RECONSTRUCTION WERE PRIMARILY DESIGNED TO

A. PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AGAINST INFRINGEMENT BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTB. PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF BLACK CITIZENS AGAINST INFRINGEMENT BY STATE GOVERNMENTSC. ENSURE EQUAL ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACK CITIZENSD. FACILITATE THE REBUILDING OF THE SOUTHERN ECONOMYE. LIMIT THE POWER THE PRESIDENT HAD GAINED DURING THE CIVIL WAR

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SURPREME COURT CASES INVOLVED THE PRINCIPLE OF “ONE PERSON, ONE VOTE”?

A. BAKER V. CARRB. ROE V. WADEC. MAPP V. OHIOD. KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATESE. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT

• DEBATE OF A BILL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNDER A “CLOSED RULE” MEANS THAT

A. THE BILL CAN ONLY BE AMENDED BY SECTIONB. DEBATE ON THE BILL WILL CONSIST OF FIVE-

MINUTE SPEECHED, PRO AND CONC. ONLY SENIOR MEMBERS ARE ALLOWED TO

PARTICIPATED. AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL CANNOT BE OFFEREDE. THE BILL MUST BE APPROVED BY TWO-THIRDS OF

THE HOUSE

• THE CONSTITUTION AS RATIFIED IN 1788 CLEARLY REFLECTS THE FRAMERS’ COMMITMENT TO

A. THE IDEA OF DIRECT DEMOCRACYB. THE PRINCIPLE OF LIMITED GOVERNMENTC. THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERYD. PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSEDE. MAINTAINING THE PRIMACY OF THE STATES

• A SUPREME COURT THAT DEMONSTRATES A WILLINGNESS TO CHANGE PUBLIC POLICY AND ALTER JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IS SAID TO BE ENGAGING IN

A. JUDICIAL ACTIVISMB. DUE PROCESSC. JUDICIAL RESTRAINTD. EX POST FACTO LAWMAKINGE. JUDICIAL REVIEW

“WE CONCLUDE THAT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION THE DOCTRINE OF ‘SEPARATE BUT EQUAL’ HAS NO PLACE.

SEPARATE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ARE INHERENTLY UNEQUAL”

THE SUPREME COURT ISSUED THIS OPINION IN ITS RULING ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CASES?

A. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHTB. MARBURY V. MADISONC. ENGEL V. VITALED. REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CALIF. V. BAKKEE. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA

• THE RULES COMMITTEE IS CONSIDERED AMONG THE MOST POWERFUL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BECAUSE IT HAS GREAT POWER OVER THE

A. ETHICAL CONDUCT OF HOUSE MEMBERSB. SELECTION OF FEDERAL JUDGESC. NUMBER OF SUBCOMMITTEES THAT A STANDING

COMMITTEE MAY ESTABLISH AT ANY GIVEN TIMED. SCHEDULING OF VOTES AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH BILLS ARE DEBATED AND AMENDEDE. REGULATIONS GOVERNING FEDERAL ELECTIONS

• THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PACs) IS TO

A. CONTRIBUTE MONEY TO CANDIDATES FOR ELECTIONS

B. COORDINATE LOCAL GET-OUT-THE-VOTE CAMPAIGNS

C. PROMOTE THE DEFEAT OF INCUMBENTS IN THE FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATURES

D. ORGANIZE PROTEST DEMONSTRATIONS AND OTHER ACTS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

E. CONTAC CONGRESS TO SUGGEST LEGISLATION

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE CONSTITUTION EXCEPT

A. JUDICIAL REVIEWB. THE NATIONAL CENSUSC. RULES OF IMPEACHMENTD. THE STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSE. LENGTH OF TERM OF FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS

• AMONG THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH’S CHECKS ON THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH IS THE PRESIDENT’S POWER TO

A. CALL A SPECIAL SESSION OF CONGRESSB. INTRODUCE BILLS TO THE FLOOR OF CONGRESSC. ADDRESS CONGRESS DURING ITS DEBATE ON

BILLSD. VOTE ON ACTS OF CONGRESSE. DISBAND CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GENERALLY RESULTS WHEN THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PASS DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE SAME BILL?

A. THE PRESIDENT SIGNS THE VERSION HE PREFERSB. THE BILL GOES BACK TO EACH HOUSE’S COMMITTEE AND RESTARTS THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESSC. ALL AMENDMENTS TO THE BILL ARE INVALIDATED, AND THE ORIGINAL VERSION OF THE BILL IS SENT TO THE PRESIDENT TO SIGND. THE SENATE’S VERSION OF THE BILL IS SENT TO THE PRESIDENT, BECAUSE THE SENATE IS THE HIGHER LEGISLATIVE BODYE. THE TWO LEGISLATIVE BODIES FORM A CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

• A MEMBER OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS IS MOST LIKELY TO SUPPORT A REPUBICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE?

A. WHITE MALEB. WHITE FEMALEC. AFRICAN AMERICAND. YOUTH BELOW THE AGE OF 25E. INDIVIDUALS EARNING BELOW THE POVERTY

LEVEL

• THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 WAS PASSED IN ORDER TO REINFORCE THE

A. PRESIDENTIAL VETOB. SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCESC. STATES’ POWER TO CHALLENGE FEDERAL

REGULATIONSD. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTE. TAFT-HARTLY ACT OF 1947

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE OF CONGRESSIONAL INCUMBENTS WHO RUN FOR REELECTION?

A. INCUMBENT SENATORS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE REELECTED THAN ARE MEMBERS OF THE HOUSEB. INCUMBENTS ARE PROHIBITED BY LAW FROM SPENDING MORE ON THEIR REELECTION CAMPAIGNS THAN THEIR CHALLENGERSC. INCUMBENTS HAVE A GREAT ADVANTAGE OVER CHALLENGERS BECAUSE THEY ARE BETTER KNOWN AND CAN RAISE CAMPAIGN FUNDS MORE EASILYD. EVER SINCE THE 1994 ELECTION, THE MAJORITY OF CONGRESSIONAL INCUMBENTS HAVE FAILED IN THEIR REELECTION ATTEMPTSE. MOST INCUMBENTS WHO RUN FOR REELECTION ARE UNOPPOSED IN THE GENERAL ELECTION

• THE SPOILS SYSTEM OF AWARDING CIVIL SERVICE JOBS WAS REPLACED BY THE MERIT SYSTEM AS A RESULT OF THE

A. TRUMAN DOCTRINEB. FAIR ALBOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1961C. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACTD. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964E. PENDLETON ACT OF 1883

• THE BOUNDARY LINES OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS MUST BE REDRAWN EVERY TEN YEARS IN ORDER TO

A. REFLECT POPULATION SHIFTS INDICATED BY THE NATIONAL CENSUSB. GUARANTEE THE TURNOVER OF THE MAJORITY OF CONGRESSIONAL SEATSC. MAKE SURE THAT EACH STATE’S CONGRESIONAL DELEGATION EXACTLY MIRRORS ITS RESIDENTS’ PARTY AFFILIATIONSD. DETERMINE WHICH PARTY’S LEADER WILL BE NAMED SPEAKER OF THE HOUSEE. INCREASE THE NUMBER OF FEMALE AND MINORITY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

• THE SUPREME COURT HAS USED THE PRACTICE OF SELECTIVE INCORPORATION TO

A. LIMIT THE NUMBER OF APPEALS FILED BY DEFENDANTS IN STATE COURTSB. EXTEND VOTING RIGHTS TO RACIAL MINORITIES

AND WOMENC. APPLY MOST BILL OF RIGHTS PROTECTIONS TO STATE LAWD. HASTEN THE INTEGRATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLSE. PREVENT THE STATES FROM CALLING A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

• THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE GRAMM-RUDMAN ACTS OF 1985 AND 1987 WAS TO

A. STRENGTHEN THE MILITARYB. INCREASE FUNDING FOR SOCIAL PROGRAMSC. REDUCE THE FEDERAL DEFICITD. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S ABILITY TO CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICYE. ALLOW CITIZENS EASIER ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT RECORDS

• THE TERM “IRON TRIANGLE” REFERS TO THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE

A. PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, AND THE SUPREME COURT

B. ELECTORATE, CONGRESS, AND POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES’

C. LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTSD. STATE DEPARTMENT, THE PENTAGON, AND THE

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCILE. FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY, CONGRESSIONAL

COMMITTEES, AND LOBBYISTS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE RIGHT OF AMERICAN CITIZENS TO PRIVACY?

A. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS DETERMINED ENTIRELY BY THE STATES ON A CASE-BY-CASE BASISB. THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS EXPLICITLY GRANTED IN THE PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTIONC. THE SUPREME COURT HAS RULED THAT THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IS IMPLIED BY THE BILL OF RIGHTSD. COMMON LAW REQUIRES THE GOVERNMENT TO RESPECT CITIZENS’ RIGHT TO PRIVACYE. AMERICANS HAVE NO RIGHT TO PRIVACY, BUT THE GOVERNMENT RARELY VIOLATES INDIVIDUALS’ PRIVACY BECAUSE TO DO SO IS NOT IN THE GOVERNMENT’S INTEREST

• THE GOVERNMENT PROMOTES PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR MEMBERS OF GROUPS THAT HAVE HISTORICALLYSUFFERED FROM DISCRIMINATION BY MEANS OF

A. THE NEW FEDERALISMB. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMSC. SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITSD. BILLS OF ATTAINDERE. GERRYMANDERING

• THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE WAS ESTABLISHED TO

A. CREATE “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” FACILITIES TO FACILITATE RACIAL SEGREGATION

B. ALLOW PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS TO RESTRICT THEIR MEMBERSHIPC. LIMIT THE GOVERNMENT’S ABILITY TO USE

ILLEGALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCED. DENY CONTROL OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE TO THE STATESE. PROVIDE THE PRESIDENT WITH GREATER INDEPENDENCE IN NEGOTIATING FOREIGN POLICY

• JUDICIAL REVIEW WAS FIRST RECOGNIZED AS A JUDICIAL POWER BY

A. McCULLOCH V. MARYLANDB. MARBURY V. MADISONC. GIBBONS V. OGDEND. GIDEON V WAINWRIGHTE. MIRANDA V. ARIZONA

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS/LIBERTIES IS NOT SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS?

A. FREEDOM OF SPEECHB. THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMSC. PROTECTION FROM CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENTD. RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE PEACEABLY E. RIGHT TO PRIVACY

• SINCE THE MOTOR VOTER LEGISLATION WAS PASSED IN 1993

A. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS NEITHER INCREASED NOR DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLYB. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLYC. VOTER TURNOUT IN STATE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS HAS

INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS ACTUALLY DECREASEDD. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS DE CREASED SIGNIFICANTLYE. VOTER TURNOUT IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE NORTHEAST, BUT HAS DECREASED SLIGHTLY IN THE REST OF THE COUNTRY

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ALWAYS A COURT OF ORIGINAL JURISDICTION?

A. U.S. SUPREME COURTB. U.S. DISTRICT COURTC. U.S. COURT OF APPEALSD. STATE SUPREME COURTSE. LEGISLATIVE COURTS

• WHEN DOES REDISTRICTING OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OCCUR?

A. AFTER EACH NATIONAL ELECTIONB. WHEN THE PRESIDENT ORDERS ITC. EVERY TEN YEARS AFTER THE CENSUS IS TAKEND. WHENEVER A STATE BELIEVES IT TO BE

NECESSARYE. WHEN BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS VOTE ON IT

• THE WAR POWERS ACT OF 1973 WAS INTENDED TO

A. LIMIT THE ABILITY OF CONGRESS TO RESTRICT THE PRESIDENT’S MILITARY POWERSB. ENHANCE THE POWERS OF INDIVIDUAL MILITARY LEADERS IN DETERMINING THEIR OWN WAR TACTICSC. GIVE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A BIGGER ROLE IN DETERMINING MILITARY POLICIESD. REBALANCE AND EQUALIZE POWERS AMONG THE MILITARY BRANCHES – ARMY, NAVY, AIR FORCE, MARINES, AND COAST GUARDE. LIMIT THE PRESIDENT’S POWER AS COMMANDER- IN-CHIEF

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COURT DECISIONS WAS BASED ON THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY?

A. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHTB. SCHENCK V. THE UNITED STATESC. BAKKE V. CALIFORNIAD. ROE V. WADEE. ENGLE V. VITALE

• WHAT SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL CHANGE MANIFESTS ITSELF IN A CRITICAL ELECTION?

A. GROUPS OF VOTERS CHANGE THEIR PARTY LOYALTIES AND BEGIN VOTING FOR THE OTHER PARTYB. A PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT ARE EECTED FROM THE OPPOSITE PARTY TO THAT OF THE INCUMBENTSC. MORE THAN 5O% OF THE ELIGIBLE ELECTORATE ACTUALLY VOTED. THE SAME PARTY THAT WINS THE WHITE HOUSE ALSO WINS BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESSE. ONE PARTY SWEEPS THE NATIONAL CONGRESS AS WELL AS MOST STATE LEGISLATURES

• SOFT MONEY IS BEST DEFINED AS

A. CONTRIBUTIONS TO POLITICAL PARTIES FOR “PARTY BUILDING ACTIVITIES”B. FUNDS RAISED BY THIRD PARTY CANDIDATES THAT QUALIFY THEM FOR FEDERAL MATCHING MONEYC. CONTRIBUTIONS TO A PARTY’S CANDIDATE BY PEOPLE WHO TRADITIONALLY SUPPORT THE OTHER PARTYD. FUNDS RAISED FOR INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATES’ CAMPAIGNS THAT THE PARTIES CANNOT ACCESSE. CONTIBUTIONS TO A CANDIDATE THAT PARTY OFFICIALS KNOW HAS VIRTUALLY NO CHANCE OF WINNING

• THE POWER OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE

A. IS SPECIFICALLY GRANTED TO THE PRESIDENT BY THE CONSTITUTION

B. HAS BEEN LIMITED BY THE SUPREME COURTC. WAS DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY THE SUPREME COURT IN 1974D. IS CLAIMED BY THE PRESIDENT, VICE-PRESIDENT,

CABINET MEMBERS, AND MANY HEADS OF AGENCIES IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

E. HAS ONLY BEEN CLAIMED BY PRESIDENTS OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS OR SO.

• THE PROCESS BY WHICH POLITICAL VALUES ARE PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT IS CALLED

A. LEGITIMIZATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEMB. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATIONC. POLITICAL RECRUITMENTD. CITIZEN PARTICIPATIONE. DIFFUSION

• WHAT IS THE JUDICIAL IMPORTANCE OF STARE DECISIS?

A. IT ENCOURAGES JUDGES TO OVERTURN PREVIOUS DECISIONS IF THEY BELIEVE THEM TO BE INADEQUATE OR WRONGB. IT GOVERNS THE PROCESS THE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES USE IN SELECTING CASES THAT THEY WANT TO CONSIDERC. IT HELPS JUDGES TO IMPLEMENT THEIR DECISIONS, ESPECIALLY ON POLITICAL QUESTIONSD. IT SETS THE PRINCIPLE THAT PRESIDENTS USE IN ORDER TO DECIDE WHICH OF THE NINE SUPREME COURT JUSTICES WILL BECOME THE CHIEF JUSTICEE. IT ESTABLISHED THE PRACTICE OF BASING LEGAL DECISIONS ON SUPREME COURT PRECEDENTS FROM PREVIOUS SIMILAR CASES

• THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES?

A. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE REPRESENTATION AND TAXATION, EACH STATE WAS TO COUNT THREE-FIFTHS OF ALL ITS SLAVESB. THE SIZE OF THE SENATE WAS TO BE KEPT IN A THREE-FIFTHS PROPORTION TO THE SIZE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.C. THREE-FIFTHS OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS WERE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PROPOSE AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION.D. MINIMUM PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING WERE SET AT THREE-FIFTHS OF AN ACRE OF LAND.E. THREE-FIFTHS OF THE PRESIDENT’S APPOINTEES IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH WERE TO COME FROM THE CIVIL SERVICE

• IN COMPARISON TO MEN, WOMEN VOTERS TODAY ARE

A. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE IN LOCAL, STATE, AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS.

B. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE DEMOCRATIC.C. LESS LIKELY TO SUPPORT ETHNIC MINORITIES FOR

PUBLIC OFFICE.D. MORE LIKELY TO VOTE IN LOCAL ELECTIONS, BUT

LESS LIKELY TO VOTE IN STATE AND NATIONAL ELECTIONS.

E. LESS LIKELY TO STRONGLY AFFILIATE WITH A POLITICAL PARTY.

• “YOU SCRATCH MY BACK, I’LL SCRATCH YOURS” MOST ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE CONGRESSIONAL PRACTICE OF

A. LOGROLLINGB. GRIDLOCKINGC. FILIBUSTERINGD. FRANKINGE. CENSURING

• THE THEORY THAT “SUB-GOVERNMENTS” MAKE POLICY THROUGH MUTUALLY ADVANTAGEOUS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CONGRESSIONAL SUBCOMMITTEES, INTERST GROUPS, AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IS CALLED

A. SENATORIAL COURTESYB. GERRYMANDERINGC. THE EQUAL TIME DOCTRINED. THE IRON TRIANGLEE. EXTRADITION

• IN INTERPRETING THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE OF THE 14TH AMENDMENT, THE SURPREME COURT HAS APPLIED THE “REASONABLENESS STANDARD” MOST FREQUENTLY TO WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS?

A. AFRICAN AMERICANSB. WOMENC. THE DISABLEDD. LATINOSE. NATIVE AMERICANS

“CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF…”

THE QUOTE IS EXCERPTED FROM

A. THE FEDERALIST PAPERSB. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEC. ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 OF THE CONSTITUTIOND. THE 1st AMENDMENTE. THE 14th AMENDMENT

• “SENATORIAL COURTESY” IS AN INFORMAL RULE THAT APPLIES TO

A. RELATIONSHIP BETTEN SENATORS FROM OPPOSITE POLITICAL PARTIES B. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENATORS AND

REPRESENTATIVES C. THE TREATMENT OF THE PRESIDENT WHEN HE DELIVERS HIS STATE OF THE UNION MESSAGE TO THE SENANTED. FAVOR THAT CONSTITUENTS GRANT TO THEIR SENATORS E. A PRESIDENT’S JUDICIAL NOMINATIONS

• THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USUALLY SPENDS THE LARGEST PORTION OF ITS REVENUE ON

A. DIRECT BENEFIT PAYMENTS FOR INDIVIVUALS B. GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVENMERNTS C. INTEREST PAYMENTS ON THE NATIONAL DEBTD. NATIONAL DEFENSEE. OPERATING COSTS FOR THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY

• WHEN A PRESIDENT REFUSES TO SPEND MONEY THAT CONGRESS HAS APPROPIATED, HIS LACK OF ACTION IS REFERRED TO AS

A. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE B. OVERSIGHT C. WINNER-TAKE-ALLD. EXTRADITIONE. IMPOUNDMENT

• MADE DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC PLACES ILLEGAL AND PROTECTED EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT, REGARDLESS OF RACE, RELIGION, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN.

A. DISCRIMINATION AND EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1954B. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957C. CIVIL RIHTS ACT OF 1964D. WAGNER ACT F 1935E. THE FAIR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS/GROUPS SPONSORS THE LARGEST NUMBER OF LOBBYISTS IN WASHINGTON?

A. LABOR UNIONSB. EQUALITY GROUPS WITH LARGE MEMBERSHIPSC. ENVIORNMENTAL GROUPSD. BUSINESS CORPORATIONSE. PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS, SUCH AS CONSUMER

ADVOCATES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LIKELY TO INFLUENCE A VOTER’S CHOICE IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION?

A. THE DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN NOMINEES’ ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES AT THEIR PARTY CONVENTIONB. THE AMOUNT OF SOFT MONEY THAT THE PARTIES ARE ABLE TO RAISEC. THE VOTER’SLEVEL OF SATISFACTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE INCUMBENT PRESIDENTD. THE VOTER’S POLITICAL PARTY IDENTIFICATIONE. THE PROPOSAL OF THE CANDIDATES FOR NEW ECONOMIC POLICIES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF THE POSSIBILITY THAT A CITIZEN WILL ACTUALLY VOTE IN A POPULAR ELECTION?

A. LEVEL OF EDUCATIONB. GENDERC. ETHNICITYD. REGION OF RESIDENCEE. AREA FO RESIDENCE (RURAL V. URBAN)

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXAMPLES OF LINKAGE INSTITUTIONS?

I. POLITICAL PARTIES II. INTEREST GROUPS III. THE MEDIA IV. THE SUPREME COURT

A. I AND IIB. II AND IIIC. I, II, AND IIID. IV E. I, II, III, IV

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS DIRECTS AN OFFICIAL TO BRING A PRISONER TO COURT AND GIVE REASON WHY HE IS BEING HELD?

A. AN EX POST FACTO LAWB. A WRIT OF HABEUS CORPUSC. A BILL OF ATTAINDERD. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFE. A WRIT OF CERTIORARI

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT IS BEST KNOWN FOR LEADING A COURT THAT WAS CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH LIBERALISM AND ACTIVISM?

A. JOHN MARSHALLB. ROGER B. TANEYC. EARL WARREND. WARREN BURGERE. WILLIAM REHNQUIST

• WHAT POLITICAL PRACTICE WAS THE PENDLETON ACT OF 1883 MEANT TO CURTAIL?

A. PATRONAGEB. GERRYMANDERINGC. MALAPPORTIONMENTD. COATTAILINGE. FILIBUSTERING

• THE “DEVOLUTION REVOLUTION” IS A REFERENCE TO A RECENT TREND TOWARD

A. STATES RELYING ON THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO FINANCE THEIR MOST IMPORTANT PROJECTSB. THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT RETURNING RESPONSIBILITY FOR MANY FUNCTIONS TO THE STATESC. SENATE AND HOUSE COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN DELEGATING MORE WORK TO THE SUBCOMMITTEESD. FEDERAL COURTS REFUSING TO TAKE ALMOST NO CASES FROM STATE COURTSE. STATE GOVERNORS ALLOWING LOCAL OFFICIALS TO CONDUCT STATEWIDE ELECTIONS

• THE “REVOLVING DOOR” REFERS TO THE POLITICAL PRACTICE OF

A. MOVING TO A GOVERNMENT JOB TO ONE WITH AN INTEREST GROUP

B. SUPPORTING JUDICIAL CANDIDATES FROM ONE’S HOME STATE OVER OTHERS

C. CHANGING PARTY ALLEGIANCES IN ORDER TO GAIN POWER IN CONGRESS

D. MOVING FROM STATE-LEVEL GOVERNMENT POSITIONS TO THOSE ON A NATIONAL LEVEL.

E. RUNNING FOR PUBLIC OFFICE IN MORE THAN ONE STATE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRESIDNTIAL POWERS HAS THE FEWEST RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON IT BY CONGRESS AND/OR THE COURTS?

A. PARDONSB. LINE-ITEM VETOESC. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGED. IMPOUNDMENTE. TROOP DEPLOYMENT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES

• THE SENIORITY RULE GOVERNS

A. WHICH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS EACH PARTY ENCOURAGES TO RETIRE AND NOT SEEK PUBLIC OFFICE AGAINB. THE ORDER OF SEATING AT THE PRESIDENT’S CABINET MEETINGSC. WHICH CANDIDATES ARE SELECTED FOR CIVIL SERVICE JOBSD. THE SELECTION OF A VICE-PRESIDENTIAL RUNNING MATE FOR A PARTY’S PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEEE. WHO BECOMES CHAIR OF A COMMITTEE OR SUBCOMMITTEE WHEN THE POSITION IS VACANT OR WHEN THE MAJORITY PARTY CHANGES

• ACCORDING TO THE 1993 REVISIONS OF THE HATCH ACT, FEDERAL EMPLOYEES MAY PARTICIPATE IN POLITIC IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS EXCEPT

A. THEY MAY HOLD POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN A POLITICAL PARTYB. THEY MAY RAISE FUNDS FOR A PARTIES AS LONG AS THEY ARE NOT ON GOVERNMENT PROPERTYC. THE MAY RUN AS CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICED. THEY MAY CAMPAIGN FOR CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC OFFICEE. THEY MAY SERVE AS DELEGATES TO A PARTY CONVENTION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE REASON THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS ALWAYS HAD A TWO-PARTY SYSTEM?

A. WINNER-TAKE-ALL ELECTIONSB. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATIONC. THE EXISTENCE OF A CONSENSUAL POLITICAL

CULTURED. STRONG PARTY LOYALTY AMONG DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANSE. WEAK WILL POWER OF MOST THIRD PARTY

CHALLENGERS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF ELECTIONS IS MEANT TO ELIMINATE CROSS-OVER VOTING BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES?

A. A GENERAL ELECTIONB. A RUNOFF PRIMARYC. AN OPEN PRIMARYD. A CLOSED PRIMARYE. A BLANKET PRIMARY

• “TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER FOR CARRYING INTO EXECUTION THE FOREGOING POWERS, AND ALL OTHER POWERS VESTED BY THE CONSTITUTION IN THE GOVERNEMNT OF THE UNITED STATES…”

• THE QUOTE IS FOUND IN THE

A. CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE IB. BILL OF RIGHTSC. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEED. THE FEDERALIST PAPERSE. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT

• DIVIDED GOVERNMENT HAS CHARACTERIZED AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

A. SINCE ITS BEGINNINGSB. ONLY DURING THE 19TH CENTURYC. PRIMARY DURING TIMES OF WAR AND

ECONOMIC DEPRESSIOND. DURING MOST OF THE 20TH CENTURYE. SINCE THE LATE 1960S

• WHAT PROCEDURE MAY BE FOLLOWED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN ORDER TO FORCE A BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE FOR FLOOR ACTION?

A. THE RULES COMMITTEE MAY ORDER THE BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE.B. THE SPEAKER MAY BRING A BILL OUT OF COMMITTEE IN THE HOUSEC. A DISCHARGE PETITION SIGNED BY 218 MEMBERS IS NECESSARY TO BRING THE BILL TO THE FLOOR.D. BOTH THE COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEE CHAIRMEN MUST AGREE BEFORE A MEMBER MAY MOVE TO BRING A BILL TO THE FLOORE. THE BILL’S SPONSER MAY PROPOSE IT BEFORE THE FULL HOUSE, AND IF THE SPEAKER AGREES, THE BILL WILL BE BROUGHT TO FLOOR.

• WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION OF A WRIT OF CERTIORARI?

A. IT REQUIRES OFFICIALS TO BRING A PRISONER BEFORE THE JUDGE IN A PROMPT FASHION.B. IT SERVES AS A COMMAND TO A MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OR A LEGISLATOR TO OBEY A DECISION OF A FEDERAL COURT.C. IT PROVIDES ARGUMENTS BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE PARTIES THAT SUPPORT ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER IN A CASE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT.D. IT SERVES AS A FORMAL ORDER TO BRING A CASE UP FROM A LOWER COURT TO THE SUPREME COURT.E. IT IMPOSES REQUIREMENTS ON STATES AS CONDITIONS FOR RECEIPT OF FEDERAL FUNDS

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES EXCEPT

A. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSIONB. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONC. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

ADMINISTRATIOND. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND

FIREARMSE. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS WERE PROTECTED IN THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION, BEFORE THE ADDITION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS?

I. GUARANTEE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS II. PROTECTION FROM EX POST FACTO LAWSIII. PROTECTION FROM BILLS OF ATTAINDERIV. FREEDOM OF SPEECH

A. I ONLYB. I AND II ONLYC. I, II, AND IIID. I AND IV ONLYE. IV ONLY

• THE CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO QUESTION EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIALS TO SEE WHETHER THEIR AGENCIES ARE COMPLYING WITH THE WISHES OF CONGRESS IS CALLED

A. THE OVERSIGHT FUNCTIONB. SENIORITY RULEC. THE FRANKING PRIVILEGED. SENATORIAL COURTESYE. POWER TO OVERRIDE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE A LONG REACHING EFFECT ON POLICYMAKING AFTER THE PRESIDENT’S LAST TERM OF OFFICE IS COMPLETED?

A. CABINET MEMBERSB. VICE-PRESIDENTC. INDEPENDENT AGENCY HEADSD. FEDERAL JUDGESE. AMBASSADORS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE AN ABUSE OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S FREEDOM FROM UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES?

A. AN ARREST OF A PERSON IN A PUBLIC PLACE, PROVIDED THE POLICE HAVE PROBABLE CAUSEB. A WARRANTLESS ARREST OF A INDIVIDUAL IN HIS/HER OWN HOMEC. A POLICE SEARCH OF A BUS PASSENGER’S LUGGAGE, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE PASSENGERD. A WARRANTLESS POLICE SEARCH OF AN AUTOMOBILE SUSPECTED OF BEING USED IN A CRIMEE. A LIMITED SEARCH THAT POLICE BELIEVE IS NECESSARY AT THE MOMENT TO PRESERVE EASILY DISPOSED OF EVIDENCE

• UNDER WHICH CIRCUMSTANCES MAY A BILL BECOME LAW WITHOUT THE PRESIDENT’S SIGNATURE?

I. IF THE PRESIDENT DOES NOT VETO A BILL WITHIN TEN DAYS OF ITS PRESENTATION TO HIM DURING A REGULAR SESSION OF CONGRESS II. IF CONGRESS HAS ADJOURNED AND THE PRESIDENT WAITS TEN DAYS WITHOUT VETOING THE BILLIII. IF CONGRESS OVERRIDES A VETO WITH A TWO- THIRDS VOTE IN EACH HOUSE

A. I ONLYB. I AND III ONLYC. I, II, AND III ONLYD. I AND II ONLYE. III ONLY

• ACCORDING TO THE 25TH AMENDMENT, WHAT HAPPENDS IF THE VICE-PRESIDENT’S OFFICE IS VACATED DURING A PRESIDENT’S TERM OF OFFICE ?

A. THE SPEAKEAR OF THE HOUSE BECOMES THE VICE-PRESIDENT B. THE PRESINDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE BECOMES VICE-PRESIDENTC. THE SECRETARY OF STATE BECOMES VICE- PRESIDENT D. THE PRESIDENT APPOINTS A VICE-PRESIDENT WITH CONFIRMATION BY A MAJORITY OF BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS E. THE OFFICE REMAINS VACANT UNTIL THE NEXT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, WHEN THE PRESIDENT NAMES A NEW VICE-PRESIDENT CANDIDATE

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN A COURT’S RECOGNITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S ‘STANDING’ TO SUE?

A. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE A SINCERE INTEREST IN THE ISSUE UNDER THE CONSIDERSATION B. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE A STRONG ARGUMENT THAT A LAW IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL C. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST HAVE SUSTAINED OR BE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER OF SUSTAINING A DIRECT INJURY D. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST SHOW THAT HE/SHE IS A PROPER REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE CLASS OF THE PEOPLE THAT HAS BEEN INJUREDE. THE INDIVIDUAL MUST EITHER BE PRESONALLY AFFECTED OR HAVE A RELATIVE OR CLOSE FRIEND NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY THE ISSUE IN CONSIDERATION

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLITICAL PARTIES IS MOST CLOSELY FORMED AROUND AN IDEOLOGY THAT VALUES INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND INSISTS ON A SHARPLY LIMITED GOVERNMENT

A. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY B. THE REPUBLICAN PARTY C. THE GREEN PARTYD. THE REFORM PARTY E. THE LIBERTARIAN PARTY

• WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A FILIBUSTER IN THE SENATE

A. TO FORCE A COMMITTEE TO RELEASE A BILL TO THE SENATE FLOORB. TO SEND A MESSAGE TO THE PRESIDENT THAT THE SENATE WILL NOT TOLERATE A VETO TO A PARTICULAR BILLC. TO DELAY OR PREVENT A VOTE ON A BILLD. TO PROMOTE THE SENATE VERSION OF A MAJOR BILL OVER THE VERSION PRESENTED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES E. TO HELP DEFEND THE REASONS WHY THE SENATE REFUSES TO SUPPORT A PARTICULAR BILL

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS OF MEDIA HAS THE SUPREME COURT BARRED, EXCEPT IN EXTREME CASES OF NATIONAL SECURITY?

A. FORCED DIVULGENCE OF NAMES OF SOURCES FOR MEDIA STORIES

B. RESTRICTED ACCESS TO COURTROOMS AND OTHER GOVERNEMENT OUTLETS

C. REQUIREMENTS TO DEVOTE A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF BROADCAST TIME TO PUBLIC SERVICE INFORMATION

D. PRIOR RESTRAINTE. THE EQUAL TIME DOCTRINE

• THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING VOTING DISTRICTS TO GIVE AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE TO ONE CANDIDATE OR PARTY IS KNOWN AS

A. PORKBARREL POLITICSB. LOGROLLINGC. CLOTURED. GERRYMANDERINGE. ELECTIONEERING

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACCOMPANY EVERY DECISION THAT THE SUPREME COURT MAKES?

I. MAJORITY OPINION II. DISSENTING OPINIONIII. CONCURRING OPINION

A. I ONLYB. I AND II ONLYC. I AND III ONLYD. II AND III ONLYE. I, II, AND III

• THE INFORMAL RULE OF JUDICIAL POLICY MAKING THAT COURT CASES SHOULD BE SETTLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH EARLIER DECISIONS ON SIMULAR CASES IS KNOWN AS

A. CERTIORARIB. STARE DECISISC. JUDICIAL ACTIVISMD. THE “RULE OF FOUR”E. THE LITMUS TEST

• WHAT DO THE ELECTIONS OF 1824, 1875, 1888, AND 2000 ALL HAVE IN COMMON?

A. THE DEMOCRATS DEFEATED THE REPUBLICANSB. THE REPUBLICANS DEFEATED THE DEMOCRATSC. ALL WERE CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD FRAUDD. IN ALL FOUR CASES, THE EASTERN PART OF THE COUNTRY SQUARED OFF AGAINST THE WESTERN PARTE. THE CANDIDATE WHO WON THE POPULAR VOTE DID NOT WIN THE ELECTORAL VOTE.

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LAWS IS INTENDED TO RESTRICT POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF FEDERAL BUREAUCRATS?

A. PENDLETON ACTB. TAFT-HARTLEY ACTC. HATCH ACTD. INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACTE. SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

• WHAT PORTION OF THE FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN ACT DID THE SUPREME COURT DECLARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL IN BUCKLEY V. VALEO?

A. PUBLIC FINANCING FOR PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIESB. THE AMOUNT INDIVIDUALS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR OWN CAMPAIGNSC. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES FOR ALL CANDIDATES FOR FEDERAL OFFICED. LIMITATIONS ON OVERALL CONTRIBUTIONS TO A PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNE. LIMITATIONS THAT AN INDIVIDUAL MAY CONTRIBUTE TO EACH CANDIDATE FOR FEDERAL OFFICE

• WHICH FAMOUS SUPREME COURT CASE ADDRESSED THE ISSUE OF REVERSE DISCRIMINATION?

A. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATIONB. TINKER V. DES MOINESC. HARRIS V. FORKLIFT SYSTEMSD. KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATESE. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA V.

BAKKE

• ALL OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ARE EXPLICITLY GUARANTEED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS EXCEPT

A. FREE SPEECHB. PRIVACYC. FREEDOM OF RELIGIOND. PROTECTION FROM SEARCH AND SEIZUREE. A SPEEDY AND PUBLIC TRIAL

• WHICH GROUP THAT FORMED THE NEW DEAL COALITION BEGAN TO FALL AWAY FROM SOLID SUPPORT OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY DURING THE 1950s AND 60s?

A. URBAN DWELLERSB. LABOR UNIONSC. JEWSD. WHITE SOUTHERNERSE. AFRICAN AMERICANS

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GAINED THE RIGHT TO VOTE FIRST?

A. 18-21 YEAR OLDSB. WOMENC. AFRICAN AMERICANSD. NON-CITIZENSE. NON-PROPERTIED MALES

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST EXPLAINS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A PRESIDENT MAY BE REMOVED FROM OFFICE?

A. THE CABINET IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE SUPREME COURT CONVICTSB. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL AND THE SENATE CONVICTSC. THE SENATE IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONVICTSD. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMPEACHES THE OFFICIAL, AND THE SUPREME COURT CONVICTSE. 2/3 OF BOTH HOUSES IMPEACH THE OFFICIAL, AND ¾ OF THE STATE LEGISLATURES MUST RATIFY

• WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST PREDICTOR OF HOW A MEMBER OF CONGRESS WILL VOTE ON A PROPOSED BILL?

A. LENGTH OF TIME IN OFFICEB. REGION REPRESENTEDC. NUMBER OF CALLS/LETTERS FROM

CONSTITUENTS ON THE ISSUED. POLITICAL PARTY MEMBERSHIPE. THE FLOOR DEBATE ON THE BILL

• IMPLIED POWERS OF CONGRESS EMANATE PRIMARILY FROM

A. FEDERALIST PAPERSB. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEC. THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE 5th

AMENDMENTD. THE FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE OF THE

CONSTITUTIONE. THE “NECESSARY AND PROPER” CLAUSE OF THE

CONSTITUTION

• COURT DECISIONS ON SCHOOL PRAYER ARE USUALLY GROUNDED IN THE

A. ELASTIC CLAUSEB. FULL-FAITH-AND-CREDIT CLAUSEC. ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSED. FREE EXERCISE CLAUSEE. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE