Wheelock 18: The Passive Voice
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Wheelock 18:The Passive Voice
The passive voice will be learned by us.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd-io, and 4th conjugations
Present, imperfect, and future tenses (Present Active System)
Perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses (Perfect Active System)
You have learned…
{It will be enjoyed.
Now for 1st/2nd conjugations in the Present Passive System
{ {Active Voice
I love. I kick the ball.
Passive Voice
I am loved. The ball is kicked
by me.
What is passive voice?- The subject of the
sentence is receiving an action.
I kicked the ball.
David sent the letter.
The school paid for the trip.
He pushed me.
We ate cake.
Make each sentence passive.
Singular Plural1st
person–r –mur
2nd person
–ris –minī
3rd person
–tur –ntur
Personal Endings
Singular Plural
1st Amor(I am being loved)
Amamur (we are loved)
2nd Amaris(You are being loved)
Amaminī (y’all are loved)
3rd Amatur (he/she/it is loved)
Amantur (they are loved)
Present PassiveStem + personal ending
(except 1st singular)
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
Singular Plural
1st Amabar (I used to be loved)
Amabamur(we were being
loved)2nd Amabaris
(You were loved)Amabaminī
(y’all used to be loved)
3rd Amabatur (he/she/it was loved)
Amabantur(they were being
loved)Imperfect Passive
Stem + ba + personal ending
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
Singular Plural
1st Amabor (I will be loved)
Amabimur (we will be loved)
2nd Amaberis (You will be loved)
Amabiminī (y’all will be loved)
3rd Amabitur (he/she/it will be
loved)
Amabuntur (they will be loved)
Future PassiveIt’s a little different
Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum
Present Passive Infinitive Change that final –e to an
–ī
amāre = to loveamārī = to be loved
Urbem dēlēbant. They were destroying the city. Urbs dēlēbātur. The city was being destroyed.
Patriam cōnservābit. He will save the country. Patria cōnservābitur.
The country will be saved.
Practice
1. Moveor2. Miscebatur3. Moveberis4. Miscemur5. Movebuntur6. Miscebamini7. Moverī
Practice
Ablative preceded by ab or ā Like Ablative of Means but a
person
Ablative of Personal Agent
Urbs ab malīs virīs dēlēbātur. The city was being destroyed by evil men.
Urbs flammīs dēlēbatur. The city was being destroyed by flames.
Caesar ā dīs admonētur. Caesar was being warned by the gods.
Caesar hīs prōdigiīs admonētur. Caesar was warned by these omens.
Ablative of Personal Agent
1. What are the four characteristics of a verb that we know?
2. Given teneō, tenēre = to hold, translate the following:
a. Tenēbāmur.
b. Tenēbor.
c. Tenētur.
d. Tenēbiminī.
e. Teneor.
Probitās laudātur––et alget.–Juvenal (algēre = to be neglected)
Possunt quia posse videntur. – Virgil (quia = because)
Amor miscērī cum timōre nōn potest.– Publilius Syrus
Numquam enim temeritās cum sapientiā commiscētur.– Cicero (temeritās = rashness)
Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.– HoraceTranslate. Identify any Ablatives of
Agent.
A B1. flūmen, flūminis 5. probitās, probitātis2. moveō, movēre… 6. cūr3. legō, legere… 7. deinde4. scientia, -ae 8. misceō, miscēre…
Ch. 18 Vocabulary Quiz
9. Give an English derivative from column A.10. Give an English derivative from column B.
1. Conjugate portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum in the present passive system (present, imperfect, and future).
2. Translate the eighteen forms in the previous question. (portare = to carry)
3. Translate three of the four following sentences:
a) Nostra corpora semper mūtantur.b) Laudātur ab hīs; culpātur ab illīs.c) Probitās laudātur––et alget.d) Omnia mūtantur, omnia fluunt.Chapter 18 Grammar
Quiz
Singular Plural1st2nd3rd
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