What were the goals of the Progressives and what were their accomplishments?

What were the goals of the Progressives and what were their accomplishments?

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

R. Rid problems created by industrialization

3 Goals- * government controlled by people * government regulation of economy * eliminate social injustice

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

E. Election and Political reform meant gov’t controlled by the people

Local:Commission and Council Manager

State:Initiative (people propose law)Referendum (vote on initiative)Recall (election re-do, vote can take officials out of office)

Elections:Primary ElectionsSecret Ballot17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators)

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature

Upton Sinclair’s, The Jungle

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature

Lincoln Steffens, Shame of the Cities

What future does Steffens see as working???

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature

Ida Tarbell, History of Standard Oil

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

O. Organizations (labor unions) continued to call for better working conditions, pay, and security

American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)

American Railway Union (Eugene Debs)

Workers

Management

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

R. Reform makes it to the White House

Teddy Roosevelt- 1st Progressive President(1901-1909)

Policy (“Square Deal”):

* Conservation* “Trustbusting”* “Steward” of public

TR views thePresidency as a“Bully Pulpit”

TR and Conservation*established National Park Service

"There can be nothing in the world more beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of the giant sequoias and redwoods, the Canyon of the Colorado, the Canyon of the Yellowstone, the Three Tetons; and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children and their children's children forever, with their majestic beauty all unmarred.“Theodore Roosevelt

Jack and the Wall Street Giants

U.S. Supreme Courtdissolved the Northern Securities Company(monopoly of western railroads)

TR the “Trustbuster”

TR the “Trustbuster”

What personal characteristics areassociated with TR?

TR “Steward of Public”

Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)-

United Mine Workers strike for higher wages,8hr. day, and recognition of union. Ownersshut down mines, evicted strikers.

Who is credited with the “death” of the Coal Strike?

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

R. Reform makes it to the White House

William Howard Taft(1909-1913)-

Viewed as a less aggressive reformer thanTR, yet just as successful“trustbuster.”

TR frustrated with Taft’s conservative policiesran as a 3rd Party (“Bull Moose”)Progressive candidate.

New Nationalism-“The betterment we seek mustbe accomplished mainly throughthe National Government.”TR

Republican vote split, resulting in Democratic victory in 1912

Woodrow Wilson

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

R. Reform makes it to the White House

Woodrow Wilson (“New Freedom”)(1913-1921)

“If America is not to have free enterprisethen she can have freedom of no sortwhatever.” Wilson

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

R. Reform makes it to the White House

Restore Competition (with “checks”):

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)- Expand Sherman Antitrust Actoutlaws price-fixing, exempts unions from Sherman Act

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- “watch-dog” agency,requires reports from corporations to regulate big business

Federal Reserve System- central banking system, basis formodern “branch” banking system

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M

M. Mothers Too.

Middle Class women involved in the reforms (Prohibition).

Carrie Nation

Renewed call for women’s suffrage.(Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony)

THINK:

How might Victorian ideas aboutwomen help support the callfor women’s suffrage?

“City housekeeping has failed partly because women, the traditional housekeepers, have not been consulted.” Jane Addams

The Awakening, 1915

Wyoming, 1st state to allow women vote (1869)

National Women’s Suffrage Association callsfor national amendment.

Pressure put on Wilson to support women’s suffrage.

What is themessage?

What role in the campaignfor women’s suffrage can you attributeto WWI?

(1920) 19th Amendment ratified, granting women right to vote