What is Matter?. Classifying Matter Matter is used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be divided into two categories: Mixtures:
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What is Matter?
Classifying Matter
Matter is used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter can be divided into two categories: Mixtures: contain more than one kind of
matter and can be separated by physical means
Pure substances: may contain more than one kind of matter but can not be separated by physical means.
Mixtures can be split into two different categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous
Substances can be either an element or a compound
Pure
Mixtures Homogenous mixture is the
same throughout. Every sample of a homogenous mixture is the same.
Heterogeneous mixture is one in which different samples are not exactly the same.
Substances Some substances, like silver
contain only one kind of matter. These substances are called Elements (found on the periodic table!!!).
Substances made of two or more elements are called Compounds.
Substances can not be separated by sorting, filtering, heating, or cooling.
States of Matter
The smallest possible particle of a compound that retains the properties of the compound is a molecule.
The smallest possible particle of an element is called an atom.
States of Matter
Elements and compounds use usually found in one of three different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas.
Plasma-discussed soon
Kinetic Energy and State
The molecules in solids, liquids, and gases all vibrate differently
When a substance changes state, only the movement of the molecules change. The number of molecules does not change.
A solid retains its shape and size.
A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in.
Gases have neither a shape or size.
Changing State
The mass of the substance remains the same whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gas.
As temperature increases, the molecules movement increases
Plasma
Positive and negatively charged gas…..
But where do we encounter it?
Artificially Produced Plasma
Plasma displays, including TVs
Fluorescent lamps Neon signs
Arc welder or plasma torchThe area in front of a spacecraft’s heat shield during reentry into
the atmosphere
Rocket exhaust Plasma ball
Terrestrial plasmas
Lightning Flames
Ball lightning Sprites, elves, jets
Polar Auroras
Lets change our state…..
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Subl
imat
ion
Melting
Freezing
Dep
ositi
on
Evaporation
Or
Vaporization
Condensation
States of matter
How do we know if it is a solid liquid or gas?
Physical and Chemical Properties SUMMARY
PROPERTIES CHANGES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL
This should look familiar!!!
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL CHANGES
CHEMICAL
Physical Properties
SUMMARY
PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-can be observed and measured and include:
PHYSICAL
Viscosity SOLUBLE IN ____ (water, oil)
Odor Malleable Ductile
Physical Change
CHANGES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- the substance stays the same in composition and can be identified by
A) change in SIZE or SHAPE
B)COLOR changes [like mixing paint] Ex: Red + White= pink
C) changes in STATE –if you find it on the triangle…it is a physical change!!!![melting, freezing, evaporation, etc.]
"DISSOLVES"
Phase Change Lab-Conclusion
Why did the temperature go down after the steam started?
What did your graph look like?
Chemical Property
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL
HOW THE SUBSTANCE
REACTS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS !! {the chemical's "personality" - "Gets
along well with others!" "Hot tempered"}
EX: Reactivity with water Ph Reaction to temperature,
pressure Ability to ignite
Chemical Change
CHEMICAL CHANGES create new substances
and can be identified by :
1) COLOR changes [that cannot be explained by mixing paint] Ex: Red + White=Black
2)HEAT or LIGHT IS GIVEN OFF
3)GAS or BUBBLES PRODUCED 4) Unable to return to original substance Ex: flour + sugar + oil + water + eggs = Cake Can I change back to the original items?
Chemical Changes
SOME SAMPLE TERMS FOR CHEMICAL CHANGES:
• Produced • Yielded• Formed • Reacts to form• Created• A precipitate is formed• Forms new substance
Chemical Changes
How does a chemical change occur? Increase in temperature
Ex: Baking, fire
Rusting-water and iron Tarnish-jewelry, silver Sour-milk, food Light sensitivity-
H2O2 _-why is it in the brown bottle? If light hits it, it will not work anymore!
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter consists of a large number of small particles
Particles are in constant motion Collisions transfer energy
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass can not be created or destroyed Matter changes from one form to another, but the
total mass stays the same To observe this, the objects must be in a clsed
system Alka Seltzer in a bag
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