What is a Sentence? Mrs. Marino Houghton Mifflin, Reading, grade 3 Extra Support Handbook Pages 20-21.

What is a Sentence?

Mrs. MarinoHoughton Mifflin, Reading, grade 3

Extra Support HandbookPages 20-21

Bare Bones

• Capital letter at the beginning• Subject: noun or subject pronoun• Predicate: verb• Punctuation

That’s all?

No, but don’t race ahead of

me!

Let Me Explain• Noun: Names a person, place, thing, or idea

• Person: common noun or proper noun– Common: girl, boy– Proper: Emma, Donald

• Place: common noun or proper noun– Common: school– Proper: John L. Golden Elementary

• Thing: common noun or proper noun– Common: dog– Proper: Tea Cup Chihuahua

• Idea: common noun– friendship, love, courage, bravery

Here’s More• Pronoun: This word takes the place of a noun

or nouns. They can be singular or plural.

• Example: – The teacher greeted the students.– She greeted the students.

• There are three types of pronouns:– Subject pronoun: This does the action.

• I, you, he, she, they, we, it

– Object pronoun: This receives the action.• me, you, him, her, us, them

– Possessive Pronouns: These show ownership.• my, your, his, her, its, our, their

Let’s Have Some Action

• Verb: Shows action or links ideas • There are 3 types of verbs:

– Action verbs tell what the subject is doing.• watches, jumps, reading, listening (some examples)

– Linking verbs link the subject to a word in the predicate part of the sentence.

• am, are, be, been, is, was, were

– Helping verbs come before the main verb, and help state an action or show time.

• can, could, did, do, had, has, have, may, should, will, would

Let’s Practice

• Thumbs up = a complete sentence• Thumbs down = not a sentence

• Wendell and Floyd were in the office.• entered the office• lost a hat• Her feet were visible.• A moment later

Literature Focus

• “The Lunch Room” (Reader’s Library)• Walk through the story with me• Illustrations• Predict the sequence of events,

based on the illustrations• Use signal words: first, next, and at

last

Sentence Expanders

• Add details• Subject expanders• Predicate expanders• Prepositions• Conjunctions• Interjections

Sentence Expanders

Subject expanders:– Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun.

•Sensory adjectives tell what kind.•Number adjectives tell how many.•Articles are adjectives.•Describes one noun (positive form)

•Compares two nouns (comparative form)

•Compares three or more nouns (superlative form)

AdjectivesPositive Comparative Superlative

wrinkled more wrinkled most wrinkled

small smaller smallest

graceful more graceful most graceful

Special Form Special Form Special Form

good better best

bad worse worst

many more most

Comparative: add “than” after the word, -er, or “more” before the word

Superlative: add –est at the end of the word or “most” before the word

Special Form: The words change spelling.

Adverbs

• Adverbs describe a verb, or tells how an action is done.– Time: how often or when action is done

• often, yesterday

– Place: where something happens• nearby, outside

– How: how something is done• brightly, silently

– Why: why something is done • “to get some sleep”, “because he was hungry”

Prepositions

• A preposition is a word that introduces a prepositional phrase.

about around by like outside under

above at during near over underneath

across before for of past until

after behind from off since up

against below in on through with

along beneath inside onto to within

among between into out of toward without

I am asleep under the

desk.

The fly is over my head as I rest on

the desk!

I’m hiding inside the drawer.

I am near the desk.

I’m flying

around

the cat!

Two More• Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.

– after, before, until, where, because, since, when, while• Coordinate Conjunctions:

– and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet– “Or” connects two words.– “And” connects two phrases.– “But” connects two simple sentences. (Place a comma after the first

sentence.)

• Interjections are words or phrases used to express strong emotions or surprise. It is followed by an exclamation point or a comma.– Hey! Hold on!– Wow, look at him go!

Assessment

• Teacher observation• Daily work• Daily writing• Informal discussions• Literature selections• Theme Skills tests• Daily language activities