Weekly Announcements Quiz on 7.1 & 7.2 Thursday Lab on Osmosis and Diffusion Monday Next Week Review for Chapter 7 Thursday Next Week Test on Chapter.
Post on 12-Jan-2016
212 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Weekly Announcements
Quiz on 7.1 & 7.2 Thursday Lab on Osmosis and Diffusion
Monday Next Week Review for Chapter 7 Thursday Next
Week Test on Chapter 7 Friday Next Week
9/23/13
Do Now: List some parts of the cell HW:
Review pages 196 – 199 from last week Read pages 200 – 205 and add to
today’s notes
CELLSCELLSCELLULAR COMPONENTS CELLULAR COMPONENTS
& PROCESES& PROCESES
MODERN CELL THEORYMODERN CELL THEORY
1.1. The cell is the unit of structure and The cell is the unit of structure and function in living things. function in living things.
2.2. All cells arise from preexisting cells. All cells arise from preexisting cells.
3.3. The cells of all living things carry on The cells of all living things carry on similar chemical activities. similar chemical activities.
4.4. All cells carry on their metabolic All cells carry on their metabolic activities in organelles. activities in organelles.
There are two types of cells:There are two types of cells:
1.1. Prokaryotic-Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or other cell ORGANELLESnucleus or other cell ORGANELLES
2.2. Eukaryotic-Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS & cells with a NUCLEUS & cell ORGANELLEScell ORGANELLES
Which is more complicated?Which is more complicated? REMEMBER REMEMBER YOUYOU ARE ARE EUKARYOTIC!EUKARYOTIC!
The parts of a cell that carry out a The parts of a cell that carry out a function are called cell function are called cell ORGANELLESORGANELLES::
All cells have the following All cells have the following organelles:organelles: Cell MembraneCell Membrane CytoplasmCytoplasm RibosomesRibosomes CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
Eukaryote cells ALSO haveEukaryote cells ALSO have:: NucleusNucleus NucleolusNucleolus MitochondriaMitochondria Golgi Body ComplexGolgi Body Complex Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum VacuoleVacuole LysosomeLysosome Centrioles (Centrioles (ANIMAL ONLYANIMAL ONLY))
Only Plant Cells have all of the above &:Only Plant Cells have all of the above &: Cell WallCell Wall ChloroplastChloroplast
organelles organelles
little “organs” of the cell little “organs” of the cell Organelles are present in BOTH Organelles are present in BOTH
plants and animals plants and animals Carry out cellular functions!Carry out cellular functions!
Nucleus Nucleus
cellular cellular control centercontrol center Controls cellular activityControls cellular activity
contains contains hereditaryhereditary material material (DNA in chromosomes) (DNA in chromosomes)
self duplicatingself duplicating structure - structure -divides when the cell divides divides when the cell divides
Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane
surrounds nucleus allowing surrounds nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and certain materials to enter and leave leave
Nucleolus Nucleolus
round organelle in the nucleusround organelle in the nucleus usually a pair usually a pair involved with the involved with the synthesis of synthesis of
RNARNA in the ribosomes in the ribosomes
Ribosomes (make protien) Ribosomes (make protien)
sites of sites of protein synthesisprotein synthesis in the in the cytoplasm cytoplasm
may be free in the cytoplasm or may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic attached to the endoplasmic reticulum reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
cytoplasmic channels from the cytoplasmic channels from the cell membrane to the nuclear cell membrane to the nuclear membrane membrane
associated with the associated with the storage, storage, synthesis, and transportsynthesis, and transport of of materials within the cell materials within the cell
““HIGHWAY” for cell transportHIGHWAY” for cell transport
Cytoplasm (protoplasm) Cytoplasm (protoplasm)
fluid like material between the fluid like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus cell membrane and the nucleus
over 80 % water over 80 % water ““HOLDS” cell organelles in placeHOLDS” cell organelles in place site of most organelles and site of most organelles and
cellular cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions
Vacuole (storage)Vacuole (storage) membrane bound cytoplasmic membrane bound cytoplasmic
spaces containing materials spaces containing materials ** Vacuoles are crucial in single-** Vacuoles are crucial in single-
celled organismscelled organisms
Two Types:Two Types: FoodFood vacuole--store and digest vacuole--store and digest
ingested food ingested food ContractileContractile vacuole-pumps excess vacuole-pumps excess
water from cells maintaining water from cells maintaining homeostasishomeostasis
Lysosome (Break down) Lysosome (Break down)
pouch containing pouch containing digestive digestive enzymes enzymes
digest bacteria and some foods digest bacteria and some foods entering the cell entering the cell
Breaks down complex molecules Breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules (SLICE) into simpler molecules (SLICE)
breakdownbreakdown worn out cell worn out cell organelles organelles
Mitochondrion Mitochondrion "Powerhouse of the cell" "Powerhouse of the cell" carries on carries on cellular respirationcellular respiration
(contains respiratory enzymes that (contains respiratory enzymes that make ATP) (make ATP) (energy moleculeenergy molecule) )
may contain DNA--is self may contain DNA--is self duplicating-- divides when the cell duplicating-- divides when the cell divides divides
found in greater #s in active cells found in greater #s in active cells
Golgi apparatus (complex) Golgi apparatus (complex)
usually located near the nucleus usually located near the nucleus synthesizes, packages, and synthesizes, packages, and
secretessecretes cellular products cellular products Packages waste & harmful Packages waste & harmful
materialsmaterials
Plasma (cell) membrane Plasma (cell) membrane The cell membrane is The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLESEMI-PERMEABLE selectively regulates the flow of materials selectively regulates the flow of materials
to and from the cell--thus maintaining to and from the cell--thus maintaining chemical chemical homeostasishomeostasis within the cell within the cell
The membrane acts like a The membrane acts like a BOUNCERBOUNCER only only allowing certain things in and out of the allowing certain things in and out of the cell It is made up of a lipid bilayer cell It is made up of a lipid bilayer
double layer of FAT - double layer of FAT - "Fat sandwich" "Fat sandwich" transport through the plasma membrane transport through the plasma membrane
likely occurs through these globular likely occurs through these globular proteins (Fluid mosaic model) proteins (Fluid mosaic model)
9/24/13
Do Now: List the two organelles that build proteins
HW: Complete Quick Lab Activity on page 203 in your textbook for tomorrow. (This will be weighted as a quiz)
Quick Review From Yesterday and Your Homework
Organelles That Store, Clean Up, and Support = Vacuoles and Vesicles, Lysosomes, and The Cytoskeleton
Organelles That Build Proteins = Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Apparatus
Organelles That Capture and Release Energy = Chloroplasts, Mitochondria
Hydrophilic-Hydrophilic- attracts water attracts water Hydrophobic-Hydrophobic- repels water repels water
Why is it important that the cell Why is it important that the cell membrane is made up of small membrane is made up of small phospholipids?phospholipids?
ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES ONLYONLY
Centriole-Centriole- a cylindrical structure a cylindrical structure found in the cytoplasm which found in the cytoplasm which appears to function during the appears to function during the division of certain animal cells division of certain animal cells (usually near the nucleus)(usually near the nucleus)
Helps animal cells divide Helps animal cells divide
PLANT CELL ORGANELLES PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLYONLY Cell Wall-Cell Wall- a nonliving structure a nonliving structure
which surrounds and supports the which surrounds and supports the cell - composed mostly of cellulose cell - composed mostly of cellulose Gives the plant cell structure & Gives the plant cell structure &
supportsupport ChloroplastsChloroplasts- green in color-double - green in color-double
membrane - contain the green membrane - contain the green pigment chlorophyll which carries pigment chlorophyll which carries on photosynthesis on photosynthesis Uses the sun’s energy to make food Uses the sun’s energy to make food
for the plantfor the plant
photosynthesis photosynthesis
the the conversion of light energy to conversion of light energy to chemical energychemical energy by chlorophyll by chlorophyll in chloroplasts in chloroplasts
Overall Net equation for Overall Net equation for photosynthesis:photosynthesis: 6 Water + 6 Carbon dioxide yields 6 Water + 6 Carbon dioxide yields
glucose + 6 oxygen (when glucose + 6 oxygen (when catalyzed by chlorophyll in the catalyzed by chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight) presence of sunlight)
Quick Lab Class Activity
Turn to page 203 in your textbooks. Start the activity in class, agree on individual roles, and complete at home
9/25/13
Do Now: Take the first 4 minutes of class to finalize your Organelle Models
HW: Study for 7.1 and 7.2 Quiz Tomorrow!
Brief Presentations
Take 2 minutes maximum to present your models you created to the class. We will place your organelle models around the room for display arranged as if the room was a cell
9/26/13
Clear Your Desks. Today is your Quiz on 7.1 and 7.2
HW: Read Pages 208 – 211 in your textbooks
Levels of Tissue Organization Levels of Tissue Organization
cellcell - unit of structure of all life - unit of structure of all life tissuetissue - composed of groups of - composed of groups of
similar cells similar cells organsorgans - composed of groups of - composed of groups of
tissues functioning together tissues functioning together organ systemsorgan systems - composed of - composed of
groups of organs functioning groups of organs functioning together together
Types of transport in Cells Types of transport in Cells Passive transport Passive transport - movement of - movement of
substances through a membrane substances through a membrane from a region of high to a region of from a region of high to a region of low concentration - no energy low concentration - no energy needed (ATP) - diffusion and osmosis needed (ATP) - diffusion and osmosis are examples of this are examples of this
Active transport Active transport - movement of - movement of substances through a membrane substances through a membrane from a region of low concentration from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration - to a region of high concentration - requires cellular energy (ATP) requires cellular energy (ATP)
Whether passive or active transport Whether passive or active transport is needed depends on the is needed depends on the CONCENTRATION GRADIENTCONCENTRATION GRADIENT
The concentration gradient is the The concentration gradient is the differencedifference in the concentration of a in the concentration of a substance in two different spacessubstance in two different spaces
ConcentrationConcentration - the amount of a - the amount of a particular substance in a contained particular substance in a contained area compared with the amount of area compared with the amount of the same substance in another areathe same substance in another area
Translation: Amount of something in Translation: Amount of something in a space (water, salt, sugar, iron,)a space (water, salt, sugar, iron,)
PROCESSES OF THE PLASMA PROCESSES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE MEMBRANE There are two types of There are two types of passive passive
transporttransport: Diffusion and Osmosis: Diffusion and Osmosis The goal of both diffusion and The goal of both diffusion and
osmosis is to reach osmosis is to reach EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUM within the cellwithin the cell
Equilibrium is a condition in which Equilibrium is a condition in which the the movement in one direction is movement in one direction is equal to the movement in another equal to the movement in another directiondirection
DiffusionDiffusion
the tendency of molecules to the tendency of molecules to move from an area of move from an area of higher higher concentrationconcentration to an area of to an area of lower concentrationlower concentration
(concentration gradient- diff in (concentration gradient- diff in conc. between 2 regions)conc. between 2 regions)
OsmosisOsmosis movement of water through a membrane movement of water through a membrane
from a region of higher to lower con.from a region of higher to lower con. SoluteSolute - substance being dissolved in a - substance being dissolved in a
liquid (ex. salt) liquid (ex. salt) SolventSolvent - substance doing the dissolving - substance doing the dissolving
(ex. water) (ex. water) PermeabilityPermeability - the extent to which a - the extent to which a
membrane will allow particular sized membrane will allow particular sized molecules to pass molecules to pass
Semi-permeable membraneSemi-permeable membrane (selectively (selectively permeable)-allows some molecules to pass permeable)-allows some molecules to pass but not others but not others
So, describe how “Kool-Aid”® is So, describe how “Kool-Aid”® is made with regard to the terms made with regard to the terms “solute” and “solvent”. What is the “solute” and “solvent”. What is the “universal solvent”?“universal solvent”?
When comparing two solutions there are When comparing two solutions there are three possible relationships, We Identify three possible relationships, We Identify the relationships by determining what the relationships by determining what would happen if a cell were placed in the would happen if a cell were placed in the solution.solution.
HypertonicHypertonic-- A solution that causes a A solution that causes a cell to cell to shrinkshrink because of osmosis. because of osmosis. Meaning water leaves the cell.Meaning water leaves the cell.
Hypotonic-Hypotonic- A solution that causes a cell A solution that causes a cell to to swellswell because of osmosis meaning because of osmosis meaning water rushes into the cell. water rushes into the cell.
IsotonicIsotonic-A solution that causes -A solution that causes no no changechange in cell size. Meaning there is no in cell size. Meaning there is no movement of water.movement of water.
If the fluid outside the cell has…
Then the outside fluid is…
Water moves… Effect on the cell?
…less water than is present inside the cell
…more water than is present inside the cell
…same amount of water as inside the cell
So, answer this question…. Why do So, answer this question…. Why do “establishments” offer free popcorn, “establishments” offer free popcorn, peanuts, and pretzels to their peanuts, and pretzels to their patrons if they are serving patrons if they are serving beverages? What changes are beverages? What changes are taking place in the body to initiate taking place in the body to initiate the need for more beverages?the need for more beverages?
9/27/13
Do Now: Name the two types of passive transport and describe how they are different from each other.
HW: Read pages 212 – 213 and complete the questions in the 7.3 Assessment
Active TransportActive Transport--
the movement of a substance the movement of a substance against the concentration against the concentration gradient. (uphill) gradient. (uphill)
Active transport requires cell to Active transport requires cell to USE ENERGYUSE ENERGY
Sodium pump Sodium pump - transports three - transports three sodium ions out of the cell and sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the celltwo potassium ions into the cell
Both are against the Both are against the concentration gradientconcentration gradient
The energy needed to perform The energy needed to perform this activity is supplied by ATP this activity is supplied by ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) (adenosine tri-phosphate)
ATP is a unit of energy made by ATP is a unit of energy made by the cellthe cell
EndocytosisEndocytosis-- the movement of a the movement of a substance into the cell by a vesicle. A substance into the cell by a vesicle. A vesicle is a form of packaging that is vesicle is a form of packaging that is used by cells.used by cells.
ExocytosisExocytosis-- the movement of a the movement of a substance out of the cell by a vesicle.substance out of the cell by a vesicle.
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis-- cytoplasm of cell cytoplasm of cell surrounds and engulfs particle--ex. surrounds and engulfs particle--ex. ameba and white blood cellameba and white blood cell
PinocytosisPinocytosis-- plasma membrane plasma membrane "pinches in" to permit entry of molecules "pinches in" to permit entry of molecules too large to diffuse throughtoo large to diffuse through
Passive Vs. Active Transport Writing Activity
Compare the two types of transport in no more than 2 paragraphs (3-4 sentences each paragraph). Make sure to describe in detail the differences between both types of transport.
top related