Web Servers Xingquan (Hill) Zhu xqzhu@cse.fau

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Web Servers

Xingquan (Hill) Zhuxqzhu@cse.fau.edu

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Outline

Introduction HTTP Request Type Web Servers

Microsoft IIS Apache Web Server

Client-Side Scripting vs Server-Side Scripting Requesting Documents

PhP

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Introduction Web server

Responds to client requests by providing resources

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) scheme: object-address

Web server and client communicate with platform-independent Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

http://www.someschool.edu/someDept/pic.gif

host name path name

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Introduction: HTTP

HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol

Web’s application layer protocol

client/server model client: browser that

requests, receives, “displays” Web objects

server: Web server sends objects in response to requests

PC runningExplorer

Server running

Apache Webserver

Mac runningNavigator

HTTP request

HTTP request

HTTP response

HTTP response

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Introduction: HTTP RequestInitiate TCP Connection:

a small packet Hand shaking

Request File: Send HTTP request

Persistent vs non-psersistentKeep-alive on/off

time to transmit file

initiate TCPconnection

RTT

requestfile

RTT

filereceived

time time

GET /somedir/page.html HTTP/1.1Host: www.someschool.edu User-agent: Mozilla/4.0Connection: close Accept-language:fr

(extra carriage return, line feed)

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Introduction: HTTP Request Type

Request methods Get

• Retrieve and send client form data to Web server• Form data is to be encoded (by a browser) into a

URL

• http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=FAU&btnG=Google+Search

• 1024 characters post

• Post data to a server-side form handle– As data attachment

• Form data is to appear within a message body • Secure

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Introduction: Web servers

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Microsoft IIS

FTP Site Used for transferring large files across the

Internet HTTP Site

Used most frequently to request documents from Web servers

SMTP Virtual Server Sends and receives electronic mail

Web Site Content Directory Directory containing the documents that

clients will view

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IIS General home directory C:\inetput\wwwroot\ Can be accessed via

• http://localhost/mydocument.html• http://ip.ip.ip.ip/mydocument.html

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Virtual Directory

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Virtual Directory

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Virtual Directory

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Directory Properties

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Apache Server

Currently the most popular Web server Stability Efficiency Portability Open-source

Apache Server Installation

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Select “HTTP Server”

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Select “Download! From a mirror”

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Select Apache Server 2.0.59 Win32 Binary and download

Save to your local disk

Apache_2.0.59-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi

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Apache Installation

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Apache installation

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Apache installation

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Apache installation

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Select apache directory

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Apache Directory

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Install

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Done

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Apache Configuration Where is it?

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Configuration: httpd.conf

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Configuration: httpd.conf Web address

http://localhost/directory/.. 10.20.30.40/directory/

startruncmdipconfig/all The default directory

Document Root: • H:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/hotdocs

http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1/ Aliases

Map a local directory to a web directory Alias /home "h:/xqzhu/apache/homepage/“ Difference between /home and /home/

Access control Order Allow and Deny

• Allow from host host …• Deny from host host host …• Order allow, denyvs order deny, allow

– order allow,deny – allow from 123.156 – deny from all

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Configuration: httpd.conf Apply access control to directories

<Directory "H:/xqzhu/apache/homepage/"> Options Indexes Order allow, deny Allow from all</Directory>--------------------------------------------<Directory "d:/apache/test/">

Options IndexesOrder allow, denyDeny from 127.0.0.1Allow from all

</Directory>----------------------------------------------

Options: none, indexesQuestion? How to publish a web site content

directory?

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Configuration: httpd.conf UserDir:

The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home directory if a ~user request is received

On Windows NT• UserDir "My Documents/My Website"

DirectoryIndex sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory is requested.

• Forbid listing a directory http://www.cse.fau.edu/~xqzhu DirectoryIndex index.html goog.html

Question again? How to publish a web site content directory?

Make sure that you reset the server each time you make the changes

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Service related parameters: httpd.conf

Listen a specific port Listen 8080

The number of seconds before receives and sends time out Timeout 300

Whether or not to allow persistent connections KeepAlive On KeepAliveTimeout 15

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Outline

Introduction HTTP Request Type Web Servers

Microsoft IIS Apache Web Server

Client-Side Scripting vs Server-Side Scripting Requesting Documents

PhP

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Client-Side Scripting vs Server-Side Scripting Client-side scripts (most fancy effects are here,

but browser dependent) Validate user input Reduce requests needed to be passed to server Enhance Web pages with DHTML, ActiveX controls,

and applets JavaScript, VBScript, Java Applet There are many things client-side scripts cannot do…

Server-side scripts (file and database access) Executed on server Generate custom response for clients Wide range of programmatic capabilities Functionality PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), ASP (Active Server

Pages), JSP (Java Server Pages)

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Requesting Documents

Requesting five different documents XHTML ASP.NET Perl PHP Python

http://localhost/home/php/myphp.php

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PHP

Server must install PHP Must lead Apache to find the PHP, in

case there is a need to interpret PHP script Binding PhP with Apache Server

PHP Installation Configuration

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PHP

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Download windows binaries 5.1.6PHP 5.1.6 zip package

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Unzip the file to a local directory, say h:/php

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Change php.ini-recommended Change php.ini-recommended to

php.ini

php.ini is the configuration file of PHP

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Let Apache know where PHP is

Open httpd.conf (Apache configuration) Find out “#PhP module” Add following two lines below “# LoadModule” LoadModule php5_module

"h:/php/php5apache2.dll“ AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

Then you are basically good to go http://localhost/home/php/form.html

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Php.ini configuration Show all errors

error_reporting = E_ALL The separator used in PHP generated URLs

Default “&” arg_separator.output = "&amp;"

Separator(s) used by PHP to parse input URLs Default “&” arg_separator.input = ";&"

Whether to allow HTTP file upload file_uploads = On

Temporary directory for HTTP file upload upload_tmp_dir =“directory”

Numerous features related to PHP, will be addressed at later stage

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Pluto server

Directly put xxx.php file under any directory you like, Pluto has PhP already. http://student.cse.fau.edu/~yourid/

cop3813/hw6/myphp.php How to program PhP?

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Outline

Introduction HTTP Request Type Web Servers

Microsoft IIS Apache Web Server

Client-Side Scripting vs Server-Side Scripting Requesting Documents

PhP