Warm-Up 1.21.2014 Grab iPads Go to (room a12) Question of the day: –What makes a great leader? –Who are some examples.

Warm-Up 1.21.2014

• Grab iPads

• Go to www.socrative.com (room a12)

• Question of the day:– What makes a great leader?– Who are some examples of good leaders you

have seen in your life?

Washington’s Presidency

Chapter 9

Washington’s Presidency

• George Washington inaugurated on April 30, 1789.

• John Adams was his vice-president

Federal Judiciary Act• Constitution left it up to

Congress on how many Supreme Court Justices to have.

• 1789 – Congress passed the Federal Judiciary Act– Gave Supreme Court 1

chief justice, 5 associate justices (8 associates as of today)

– Provided for other lower, less powerful federal courts.

– John Jay was appointed chief justice.

Why does a president have a cabinet?

President of the United States

• Then…– George Washington

• Now…– Barrack Obama

Presidential CabinetSecretary of the Treasury

• Then…– Alexander Hamilton

• Now…– Jacob Lew

Presidential CabinetSecretary of War

• Then…– Henry Knox

• Now…• Secretary of Defense

– Chuck Hagel

Presidential CabinetAttorney General

• Then…– Edmund Randolph

• Now…– Eric Holder

Presidential CabinetSecretary of State

• Then…– Thomas Jefferson

• Now…– John Kerry

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury

• Faced the task of fixing the new nation’s economy (US was $52 million in debt).

• Wanted to prove to other countries that the US was economically responsible.

• Came up with a financial plan to reflect his belief in a strong central government.– Paying off war debts– Raising government

revenue (Whiskey tax)– Creating a National Bank– Protective tariff (tax on

imported goods)

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury

• Paying off war debts…– Southern States

agreed to help pay off Northern States debts, and in return the nation’s capital was placed in the South.

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury

• Raising government revenues…– Called for protective

tariffs on imported goods

• Taxed foreign goods, Insured steady flow of $$ to the government

• Encouraged people to buy American goods…

Defeat of the Protective Tariff

Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury

• Creating a National Bank…– Give government a

safe place to keep money

– Make loans to business and government

– Issue bank notes• paper $$ that could

be used as currency

1.22.2014

• Good morning!• Grab your ipad and

get out your journal.– Warm-UP

• In your journal, write a 4-5 sentence summary about yesterday’s discussion/notes.

Interpreting the Constitution

• Hamilton’s plan would strengthen the gov’t.– Started a debate over how

to interpret the Constitution

– Jefferson and Madison believed Constitution discouraged big government

– Believed in strict interpretation of Constitution

– Hamilton pointed to Elastic Clause in Constitution, stating bank was “necessary and proper”…

– Jefferson and Hamilton defended their positions to Washington….

Hamilton and Jefferson

Hamilton Jefferson

Constitution Loose Interpretation

Strict Interpretation

National Government

Strong Federal Government

Supported stronger state governments

Economy Business and Manufacturing

Agriculture and Labor

Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain

Supported France

Growth of Political Parties

• Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run.

• How do we interpret the Constitution??

?

Growth of Political Parties

? Strict Interpretation

v.

Loose Interpretation

Growth of Political Parties

• Alexander Hamilton/John Adams form the Federalist Party

• Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic-Republican party

The First Political Parties

FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS

Strong National Government Limited National Government

Fear of Mob Rule Fear of rule by one person

  or a powerful few

Loose Construction (interpretation of

Strict Construction (interpretation)

of the Constitution of the Constitution

Favored National Bank Opposed National Bank

Economy based on manufacturing Economy based on farming

and shipping  

Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers,tradespeople

manufacturers, clergy  

Whiskey Rebellion

• Conflict over government’s tax on whiskey

Whiskey Rebellion

• Summer of 1794 farmers attacked tax collectors to protest the tax on whiskey

• 13,000 soldiers sent to put down the uprising

Whiskey Rebellion

• “Such resistance is treason against society, against liberty, against

everything that ought to be dear to a free, enlightened, and prudent people. To tolerate it were to abandon your most precious

interests. Not to subdue it were to tolerate it.”

– Alexander Hamilton

The French Rebellion

The French Rebellion

• Inspired by the Americans, French revolutionaries demanded liberty and equality

• By 1792 revolution became very violent

The French Rebellion

• 1793 – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed

• France then declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain

• This puts the US in an awkward position– WHY????

What to do?????

• France had been ally of US during revolution

• Britain was United States’ most important trading partner

• Washington decided US would remain…

NEUTRAL

Remaining Neutral

• Chief Justice John Jay goes to England to work this out

• Jay’s Treaty – called for British to pay

damages to ships– British agreed to leave

Ohio Valley– Jay’s Treaty unpopular

because it failed to open West Indies trade to Americans

Remaining Neutral

• Thomas Pinckney helps reduce tensions along frontier

• Pinckney’s Treaty– Americans could

travel freely down Mississippi River

– Could store goods in New Orleans without paying customs duties

– Spain accepted 31st parallel as Southern boundary of US

Washington Retires

Washington Retires

• Washington’s 2 terms were a success!• Warned American’s about 3 things upon his

retirement:– Warned of the dangers of political parties (such

political differences can weaken the country)– Warned that agreements with foreign nations

might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement)

– Warned against the nation collecting too much debt

Portrait of the Nation in 1800