Transcript
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WALL CONSTRUCTION
ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING
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ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING
1. Walls
2. Foundations
. Doo!s
". Windo#s
$. Roo%s s&''ts(Til's
). Roo% st!u*tu!' +. C'ilin, s&''ts
-. C'ilin, st!u*tu!'
. Floo!s
1/. Gutt'!s0 do#n
i's0a!on andd!ains
11. DC 3 a la4'!
to !'5'nt6oistu!'
12.Sun 7!'a8'!s
1.G!ills
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1
"
$ 9 )
+
-
1/
112
ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING
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FUNCTIONS : WALLS
T!ans%'! o% loads 35'!ti*al0 &o!i;ontal and#ind loads
Sti%%n'ss and sta7ilit4
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
Good a'a!an*'
E
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FUNCTIONS : FOUNDATIONS
T!ans%'! loads
Sti%%n'ss
Sta7ilit4 a,ainst '!osion
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
E
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FUNCTIONS 3 DOORS and
WINDOWS !o5id' 6o5'6'nt o% 'ol'0 ,oods and
'>ui6'nt
St!'n,t&
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
E
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FUNCTIONS 3 ROOF
S=EETS AND STRUCTURE St!'n,t&
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
E
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FUNCTIONS : CEILING
Att!a*ti5' a'a!an*'
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
='at insulation
Sound insulation
Du!a7ilit4
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FUNCTIONS : FLOORS
St!'n,t&
R'sist #'a! and t'a!
R'sist a7!asion
T!ans%'! loads
Att!a*ti5' a'a!an*' Du!a7ilit4
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FUNCTIONS 3 DOWNIES0
GUTTERS0 ARONS0 DRAINS E
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FUNCTIONS : DC
DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s' 3 6ad' #it& t#o
*oats o% DC ta! and 2/66 t&i*8 1?2
*'6'nt?sand 6o!ta! la4'!
!'5'nts 6oistu!' !is' to #alls
St!'n,t&
Di6'nsional sta7ilit4
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WALLS
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Different wall types@a Ti67'! s&in,l' #alls
@7 T&at*&'d #alls@* Wattl' and dau7 *onst!u*tion
@d Soil:*'6'nt 7lo*8 #o!8
@' Sun:d!i'd *la4 7!i*8 #alls
@% Ca7oo8 7lo*8 #o!8
@, 7!i*8#o!8 #it& 7u!nt 7!i*8s
@% C'6'nt:sand 7lo*8 #o!8
@, Ru77l' 6ason!4@ As7'stos s&''t'd( G.I s&''t'd #alls
@8 Ra66'd 'a!t& #alls
@l ston' #all #it& no 6o!ta! oints
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Factors affecting the selection of a wall type
d''nds %i!st on t&' t4' o% *onst!u*tion to
7' us'd su*& as t'6o!a!40 s'6i:'!6an'nto! '!6an'nt .
d''nds on t&' 6at'!ials a5aila7l' at t&'
*onst!u*tion lo*ation and t&'i! !i*'sin*lusi5' o% t&'i! t!anso!t *osts
B!i*8s0 Blo*8s 3 '!6an'nt #o!8
Ti67'! s&in,l's0 GI s&''ts0 As7'stos s&''ts3 s'6i '!6an'nt
T&at*&0 #attl' and dau7 : t'6o!a!4
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Sizes of walls
Brickwalls T&i*8n'ss
1166 t&i*8 3 a!tition #alls
22$66 t&i*8 3 '!i6't'! #alls0 outsid' #alls o% a7uildin, o! load 7'a!in, #alls @#alls t&at *a!!4
!oo% loads0 sla7 loads 't*.
T&i*8n'ss N11 L'n,t&
3 126 %o! s&!in8a,' *ont!ol0 us' '
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Sizes of walls
Cement-sand blockwork walls T&i*8n'ss
3 1//660 1$/66 and 2//66
L'n,t&3 Blo*8 l'n,t& "//6603 T&'!'%o!' #all l'n,t& N"//66 @!'%'!!'d
3 Ma
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Sizes of walls
Random rubble masonry walls T&i*8n'ss
3Mini6u6 o% //66
L'n,t&
3Sa6' as 7!i*8 #alls
='i,&t 3 sa6' as 7!i*8 #alls
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Main constituentsof Brickwalls
Bod4 o% t&' #all
last'! o% t&' #all
1$66 t&i*8 3 sin,l' la4'!
1-66 t&i*8 dou7l' la4'!
11 o! 22$
DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s'
Foundation 3
Ru77l' 6ason!40
*on*!'t'0 't*
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ype of
Mortar
Cement Sand !ocation
Cement"Sandmortar
# $ to % &alls abo'eground le'el for
(($mm thick
walls
Cement"Sandmortar
# $ For walls of ##)mm thick*
Mo!ta! %o! #all *onst!u*tion
M i i f ll
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Main constituentsof a wallBlockwalls
Bod4 o% t&' #all
last'! o% t&' #all
1$66 t&i*8 3 sin,l' la4'!
1-66 t&i*8 dou7l' la4'!
1//0 1$/ o! 2//
DC 3 Da6 !oo% *ou!s'
Foundation 3
Ru77l' 6ason!40
*on*!'t'0 7!i*8s 't*
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Mo!ta! %o! Blo*8 #o!8
ype of
Mortar
Cement Sand !ocation
Cement"Sand
mortar
# $ to + &alls abo'e
ground le'el for
(,, and #$, mm
thick walls
Cement"Sand
mortar
# $ For walls of #,,
mm thick*
B!C.S
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L'n,t& ='i,&t Widt& S&'ll
t&i*8n'ssSolid "// 2// 1// :
=ollo#(C'llula! "// 2// 1// 2266
:do: "// 2// 1$/ /66
:do: "// 2// 2// /66:do: "// 2// 2// $66
B!C.S
S&'ll t&i*8n'ssEl'5ation
lan
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&alls of random rubble
masonry Ston's
3Bond ston's s&ould 7' 1$/66 s>ua!'
3L'n,t& o% ston's s&all not '
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