Transcript
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Cisco WAAS
Aleksandar Vulovic, SEalvulovi@cisco.com
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 2
Agenda
WAAS Introduction
WAAS Technical Overview
Cisco WAAS Products
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3
WAAS Introduction
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Key IT Priorities 2006-2009
Continue Data Center consolidation
New applications for productivity, business enablement
Mobility – all data, anywhere, anytime
…extend new Data Center & applications to branch, yet simplify branch IT
1
4
3
2
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 5
Growing Trend: Consolidate Branch Office
Major Branch Issues
Application performance• Bandwidth limitations• Latency / jitter / chattiness
Infrastructure cost / complexity• File, print & email servers• Storage & backup• WAN bandwidth
Data protection• Failing backups / lost data• Compliance
App/file/printServers
LocalStorage
Backup
Clients
SwitchRouter
“…an average of 6.9 devices per branch”
Source: Nemertes Research
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DAS
DASDAS
NASSAN
Branch Office
Remote Office
Data Center
Files
IT
NASDAS
IT IT
Regional Office
NASDAS
IT BackupFile
Cache
WAAS File Services Introduction
Backup
Backup
FileCache
NASDAS
FileCache
Backup
Centralized and OptimizedDecentralized StorageCentralized Storage
WAN
Files Files
Files
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 7
Cisco Vision: The Consolidated Branch
Clients
SwitchRouter
Design Goals:• Fewer local servers / no storage• Continued LAN-level performance• Ability to leverage centralized apps• Preserve services of existing network
Consolidated Branch
App/file/printServers
Storage Backup
Data Center
WAAS
WAAS
WAAS = key enabler
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WAAS - performance
Word – Open Time
0 5 10 15 20 25
Native LAN
WAAS
Native WAN
Word – Write Time
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Native LAN
Native WAN
Excel – Open Time
0 10 20 30 40 50
Native LAN
WAAS
Native WAN
Excel – Write Time
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Native LAN
WAAS
Native WAN
1MB Word File (sec)
2MB Excel File (sec)
Link T1, latency 80ms
WAAS
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Accelerates Broad Range of Applications
• 2X-10X• Any TCP-based Application like CitrixOther
• 2X-50X• Backup Applications
• Replication ApplicationsData Protection
• 2X-10X
• SQL
• Oracle
• Notes
Database Applications
• SMS (CIFS, HTTP)
• Altiris (HTTP)
• FTP
• HTTP, HTTPS, WebDAV
• Exchange (MAPI)
• SMTP/POP3, IMAP
• Notes
• Windows (CIFS)
• UNIX (NFS)
Application Protocol
• 2X-100X
• 2X-50X
• 2X-50X
• 2X-50X
• 2X-400X
Improvement
Software Distribution
Data Transfer
Internet / Intranet
File Sharing
Application
• Ensures LAN-like performance for branch-based access of corporate applications
• Enables branch server and storage consolidation without affecting workflow and employee productivity
• Simple network integration enables lower TCO
* Performance improvement varies based on user workload, compressibility of data, WAN characteristics and utilization. Actual numbers are case-specific and results may vary.
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WAAS Technical Overview
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WAAS Feature OverviewTransparent Interception via WCCP or PBRApplication Traffic Policy (ATP) engine
Traffic classification and handling definitions
TCP Flow Optimization (TFO) interception, auto-discovery, and better WAN performanceProvides the “plumbing” needed for other services
Redundancy Elimination (DRE) Segment based redundancy elimination, byte-based LZ compression
Full WAFS 3.0.5 CIFS file proxyNew features (disconnected, coherency)WAFS tunnel benefits from TFO/DRE
Full WAFS 3.0.5 Print ServicesNew Centralized Driver Distribution Management
Converged Centralized Management WAFS and new DRE/TFO acceleration
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Cisco WAAS Optimization Architecture
Quality of ServiceQuality of ServiceMonitoringMonitoring
Content Distribution
Content Distribution
TCP Flow Optimizations
(TFO)
TCP Flow Optimizations
(TFO)
WebWeb Local ServicesLocal
ServicesFile
ServicesFile
Services
NetworkInfrastructure
L4: TransportOptimization
L7: ApplicationOptimization VideoVideo
Data RedundancyElimination (DRE)Data RedundancyElimination (DRE)
SecuritySecurity
OtherApps OtherApps
Core Routing & Switching ServicesCore Routing & Switching Services
Application Classification and Policy EngineApplication Classification and Policy Engine
Logical and Physical IntegrationLogical and Physical Integration
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WAAS base networkClient Server
WAE WAE
1. Packets that meet configured criteria are intercepted and passed to the WAE.
2. WAE performs configured optimizations and passes the packets to the server, which are intercepted on the other end, and passed to the WAE. The participating WAEs auto-discover each other.
3. Original packet data recreated and passed to the origin server.
4. The connection is “spoofed” and return traffic passes through the same transparent interception and optimizations on the return path.
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Seamless, Transparent IntegrationSeamless integration with the packet network with high availability, load-balancing, and failover
WCCPv2 Policy-Based Routing
Full preservation of L3/L4 packet header information (IP/TCP)Compliance with network value-added features
Classification - QoS, NBAR, Queuing, Policing, ShapingSecurity - Firewall policies, Access Control ListsReporting - NetFlow, monitoring
Src Mac AAADst Mac BBB
Src IP 1.1.1.10Dst IP 2.2.2.10
Src TCP 15131Dst TCP 80 APP DATA
Src Mac BBBDst Mac AAA
Src IP 1.1.1.10Dst IP 2.2.2.10
Src TCP 15131Dst TCP 80 optimized
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Traditional WAN Optimization:Not Seamless, but Disruptive to Existing Network
WAN NAS
ClientWorkstation LAN Switch WAN Router WAN RouterEdge Device Core DeviceFirewallFirewall
LAN Switch Origin FileServer
A BPreservation of IP and TCP Header Information
QoSNBAR
NetFlowACLNAT
SecurityFilterVPN
Optimization Tunnel
Traditional WAN Optimization changes header information
Result: • Services may not work• Extra integration required• Risk of downtime due to dedicated links
Traditional WAN Optim.
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Cisco WAAS:Seamless Network Integration, Service Preservation
IPNetwork NAS
ClientWorkstation LAN Switch
LAN Switch
Edge WAAS Core WAAS
A BFull Preservation of IP and TCP Header Information
Data CenterScalability
Transport and Flow OptimizationsData Redundancy Elimination Accelerates ALL TCP Traffic
Robust ApplicationAdapters to Offload
WAN and Data CenterLocal Services
Firewall Firewall
SecurityFilterVPN
WAN Router
QoSNBAR
NetFlowACLNAT
WAN Router
VisibilityNetFlow
QoS Cisco WAAS
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Centrally managed from GUI as well as device CLIClassify traffic based on L3/L4 attributes
TCP Protocol TypeSource/Destination IP Address/RangeSource/Destination TCP Port
Apply actions to classified trafficActions include: compress, DRE, TFO, protocol specific optimizationBypassMonitor
Default policies for common applicationsDefault policies are pre-defined and can be restored by clicking a buttonFully customizable classification and optimizations
Application Traffic Policy Engine
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 18
Cisco WAAS Auto-Discovery
WAN
Cisco WAE devices automatically discover one another and negotiate optimization capabilities
Performed per TCP connectionFlexible optimization configurationExchange of peer capabilities and limitations
WAE1 WAE2
WCCPv2or PBR
WCCPv2or PBR
WCCPv2or PBR
WCCPv2or PBR
A:B TCP SYNA:B TCP SYN A:B TCP SYN(marked)
A:B TCP SYN(marked)
A:B TCP SYN(marked)
A:B TCP SYN(marked)
I know WAE1 isin the path, let’s
accelerate!
I know WAE1 isin the path, let’s
accelerate!
I would liketo accelerate
this connection!Here are my details
I would liketo accelerate
this connection!Here are my details
B:A TCP SYN/ACKB:A TCP SYN/ACK
AcknowledgeAcceleration!
Here are my details
AcknowledgeAcceleration!
Here are my details
ACCELERATIONCONFIRMED!
ACCELERATIONCONFIRMED!
B:A TCP SYN/ACK(marked)
B:A TCP SYN/ACK(marked)
B:A TCP SYN/ACKB:A TCP SYN/ACK
AA BB
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IPNetwork
Data Redundancy Elimination (DRE)Reduce overall WAN consumption based on redundancy
Maintain active database of previously sent and received trafficSend database index on behalf of traffic that has been seen beforeRealize 5x – 50x compression, minimize WAN bandwidth consumption
Compress all outbound traffic with LZ compressionAdditional 2x compression beyond data suppressionVery good compression for non-redundant data
Label Data
L1
L2
ABCDEFGHIJKL
QRSTUVWXYZ
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZL1+”MNOP”+L2
DRE CACHE DRE CACHE
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DRE Pattern Matching
DRE Database
NO MATCHNO MATCHNO MATCHNO MATCHOriginal
MessageOriginal Message
EncodedMessageEncodedMessage
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Cisco WAAS Transport Flow Optimizations
Cisco WAAS Transport Flow Optimizations (TFO) is designed to overcome common challenges associated with standard TCP implementations
Window Scaling – capitalize on available bandwidthLarge Initial Windows – maximize transmission after connection establishment for short-lived connectionsSelective Acknowledgement – efficient packet loss recovery and retransmission mechanismsBinary Increase Congestion (BIC) – quick return to maximum throughput upon congestion
Currently mostly relying on “standard” optimizations
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WAN
TFO Improves Application Performance
TFO overcomes TCP and WAN bottlenecksShields nodes connections from WAN conditions
Clients experience fast acknowledgementMinimize perceived packet lossEliminate need to use inefficient congestion handling
LAN TCPBehavior
LAN TCPBehavior
Window ScalingLarge Initial Windows
Congestion MgmtImproved Retransmit
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Maximum Window Size (MWS)
The Maximum Window Size (MWS) is the maximum amount of a data a node can have outstanding in the network unacknowledgedThe node can not continue transmission until previous transmissions have been acknowledged
Problematic over LFNs – Long Fat Networks “elephants”Inability to fully utilize the available network resources
1234
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RTT 10 ms
Bandwidth155 Mbps
(OC-3)
Amount of data that canbe in transit at any one
point in time:155Mbps x 10 ms = 192 KB
Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP)
The Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP) of a network defines the amount of data that can be in flight within a network at any onepoint in time
If MWS > BDP, then application may not be throughput bound (i.e.application can “fill the pipe”)If BDP > MWS, then application will not be able to fully utilize the network capacity (i.e. application can not “fill the pipe”)
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WAAS TFO Window Scaling
Cisco WAAS TFO window scaling (based on RFC 1323) scales the TCP window to 2MB to overcome problems with filling LFNs (Long Fat Networks)
Window Scaling applies a binary shift to the decimal value supplied in the data field
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 26
Link Utilization and MWS, BDP
Latency
Ban
dwid
th
BDPBDP
MWSMWS
Unusable network capacity!Unusable network capacity!
Link UtilizationLink Utilization
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Link Utilization After Window Scaling
Latency
Ban
dwid
th
BDPBDP
Original MWSOriginal MWS
Cisco WAAS TFOCisco WAAS TFO
Able to fill the pipe!Able to fill the pipe!
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 28
Selective Acknowledgement
Standard TCP implementations acknowledge receipt of data by acknowledging the entire window has been received
Loss of a packet causes retransmission of the entire TCP window, causing performance degradation as the window becomes larger
1 2 3
1 2 3
Transmit
RetransmitACK
1 2
1 2 3
Receive
1 2 3ACK
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Selective Acknowledgement (Cont.)
Cisco WAAS employs Selective Acknowledgement and extensions to improve acknowledgement of transmitted data, improve delivery of missing segments, and minimize unnecessary retransmission
3
1 2 3
Transmit
Retransmit
1 2
1 2 3
Receive
1 2ACK
1 2 3ACK
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Cisco WAAS Large Initial Windows
While 80% of network traffic is typically associated with long-lived connections (elephants), approximately 80% of network connections are short-lived (mice)
Short-lived connections transmit smaller numbers of packets and are torn down before ever leaving the slow-start phase of TCP
Cisco WAAS Large Initial Windows, based on RFC3390, increases initial window size to expedite entry into congestion avoidance mode for high throughput
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 31
Cisco WAAS Large Initial WindowsSe
gmen
ts p
er R
ound
Trip
(cw
nd)
Round Trips
TCPTCP
TFOTFO
Packet LossPacket Loss
Slow-Start(discovery)Slow-Start(discovery)
CongestionAvoidance
(high-throughput)
CongestionAvoidance
(high-throughput)
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 32
CIFS and WAN
Round Trip Time (RTT) ~ 0mS
Client
LAN Switch
Server
Round Trip Time (RTT) ~ many many milliseconds
ServerClient
LAN Switch
LAN Switch
Routed Network
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WAN
Application Adapters Mitigate Latency
Application and protocol awarenessEliminate unnecessary chatter and transferPre-populate edge cache as necessaryEnable disconnected operations
Intelligent protocol proxyTransparent or non-transparentImproves application response timeProvide origin server offload
WAASv4 application adaptersCIFS (Windows File Services)Windows printing
Cache andProtocol
Proxy
~90% msgs10% actual
storage
WANOptimizationDRE/TFO/LZ
Origin Server
100% of capacity
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File PrepositionFiles can be prepositioned into an Edge WAFS device cache to improve performance for first-user access
Scheduled acquisition and distribution of filesPopulates DRE database on WAEsCache hit on first user access, local delivery
Preposition is commonly used in environments where the need to deliver large files or large amounts of data is critical
CAD/CAM PackagesEngineering, Software DevelopmentSoftware distribution, patch managementImaging
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Print Services Capabilities
WAASv4 provides centrally managed print services, including driver upload and distribution
Distribute to a single WAE or amongst a group (via FTP)Automatic distribution of driver updates or deletions from CM to WAE Print ServersNo reverse replication of drivers added directly to a WAE Print Server back to the CMInitially only provides support for a single version of a single driver within the CM driver repository
Supports 3rd-party tools to manage printers and drivers via SAMBA RPCs
Guest printing allows printing (no user authentication for printing)
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 36
Cisco WAAS
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Cisco WAAS
• Comprehensive feature set
– Wide range of app acceleration– WAN optimization– WAFS / print server
• Seamless network integration
• Combination software/hardware– Transport & Enterprise versions– Router module & WAE appliances
• Complete end-to-end solution– WAAS + IOS + load balancing
WAE-7326
WAE-612
Branch
Data Center
NME-WAE WAE-512
Hardware platforms
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WAE Family Positioning
Performance and Scalability
Price
NME-WAEUp to 500 TCP Up to 2Mbps WANUp to 120GB disk
WAE-512Up to 2000 TCP Up to 20Mbps WANUp to 250GB disk
WAE-612Up to 6000 TCP Up to 155Mbps WANUp to 300GB disk
WAE-7326Up to 7500 TCP Up to 310Mbps WANUp to 900GB disk
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Inline Considerations
Physical inline interceptionPhysical in-path deploymentFail-to-wire bypassNo router configuration
4-port with fail-to-wireMechanical fail-through Supports HW/SW/power failureTwo two-port groupsSerial clustering for high availability
InteroperabilityAutomatic discovery and transparencySupports other sites using WCCP/PBR802.1q and configurable VLANsWAE-512/612/7326 appliances
Cisco WAE 4-portInline card
WAN
Basic Inline Deployment
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 40
WAAS License Positioning
YesNoWide Area File Services (WAFS) for file sharing, collaboration, backup consolidation, software distribution
–Windows (CIFS) –UNIX (NFS)
Local Services –Print and other services
Infrastructure
Consolidation
YesYesAny TCP-based Application.
Optimization for over 60 applications including:
–Web (http, https) –Bulk transfer (ftp) –Email (MAPI, SMTP) –Citrix –SQL
Generic WAN
Optimization
EnterpriseTransportApplications/Protocol(s)
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 41
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