Vocabulary Unicameral – one house – legislative branch Bicameral – two houses – legislative branch Segregation – separation of races. In NC, this deals.
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VocabularyUnicameral – one house – legislative branchBicameral – two houses – legislative branchSegregation – separation of races. In NC, this deals mostly
with blacks and whites after the Civil War to the 1960s. Census – official population account to show population
shiftsCommute – reduce a sentence. A power of the NC
governorOrdinances – local lawsIncorporate – to receive a state charter, officially
recognizing the government of the locality. Municipality – either a city, town, or village in NCCharter – basic rules for a municipalityAnnexation – process of bringing unincorporated land into
a municipality.
North Carolina History“First in Freedom”
First Provincial Congress (August 1774) – elected people to the Continental Congress
Mecklenburg Declaration (May 1775) – citizens of Mecklenburg County stated that the only lawful government was the provincial government, not the British.
Halifax Resolves (April 12, 1776) – NC was the first state to call for complete independence from Britain.
Sent 3 delegates to the 2nd Continental Congress Did not ratify Constitution until 1789 when Bill of
Right added
North Carolina History cont. Three Constitutions in NC’s history
Very small number compared to other states1st – Constitution of 1776
Very similar to the US Constitution1835 Changes
Voters now allowed to elect governor, approve or reject constitutional amendments
Took away rights of free men of African and Indian decent 2nd – Constitution of 1868
All Confederate states had to create new Constitution after Civil War
Slavery abolished, all men over 21 could vote3rd – Constitution of 1971
All elections free, freedom of speech, equal protection of laws
Suffrage in North CarolinaAfter Civil War, next 2 decades African
Americans got to vote.Hiram Revels – 1st African American to vote
By 1900, General Assembly set up discrimination test to keep minorities (Blacks and Indians) from voting
Women fought for suffrage (voting) in NC, but to no success until the 19th amendment in 1920
Voting Requirements: Citizen18 years old by the next General Election Lived in voting precinct for 30 daysNot serving felony sentence Registered to vote
Legislative BranchThe Legislative Branch of North Carolina’s
state government is called the General Assembly
Makes two types of laws:Statues – apply to everyone in the stateLocal or Specific laws – just to certain areas in
the stateMajor power deals with finances. How much
to spend and how much to tax?Legislative Oversight – review of government
operations
Organization of General AssemblyOther PowerPoint
Executive Branch of North Carolina State Government4 year terms, 2 consecutive – can come back
for another 2 after a 4 yearMust be 30 years old, US citizen for 5 years,
lived in NC for 2 yearsLt. Governor elected also. Must meet
governor qualifications. Head of the NC Senate.
Council of the State – 8 state agencies, people elected to these 4 year positions, ulimited
Offices of the Council -
GovernorBev Perdue
Lieutenant GovernorWalter H.
Dalton
State Treasurer
Commissioner of Insurance
Superintendent of Public
Instruction
Secretary of State
Attorney General
Comm. Of Agriculture
State Auditor
Secretary of Labor
Elected Officials
Judicial Branch of NCOther PowerPoint
Iredell County Budget2010-2011 Revenue/Budget = 150,307,275
Schools = 66,720,210 (44 %)Social Services = 25,376,215 (17%)Tax rate – 44 cents per $100 value
Chicago = $1.68 per $100 value Bridgeport, Conn. = $4.55
Iredell County Budget
Iredell County Budget
City of MooresvilleTax rate = .58 per $100Council-Manager type of government
Voting Districts
State GovernmentEach state has its own constitution.All states have three branches of
government.Voters ratify amendments in all states
except for Delaware.All states have bicameral legislatures
except for Nebraska.Each state must accept the validity of all
other state laws and contracts (Full faith and Credit).
Extradition: Governor orders a suspect to be returned to the state where the crime was committed.
Executive BranchLed by a governor.In most states a person must be 30 years old,
US citizen, and a resident of the state for five years.
Serve a four year term.Recall: An election where voters can remove
state officials.Lieutenant Governor: Takes over for the
governor and is head of the state senate.
Powers of the GovernorChief Executive, Chief Legislator, Judicial
Leader, Commander in Chief, Party leader, Ceremonial leader.
As judicial leader a governor can:Commute: Reduce a sentence.Parole: Early release from prison.Can offer pardons and reprieves.
Executive OfficialsMost officials are elected by voters. There are many different departments led by
a secretary.
Legislative BranchState is divided into districts.Reynolds vs. Sims (1964): All election
districts must be equal in population. “Each person one vote”.
Apportionment: Distribution of seats according to population.
Legislators must be US citizens, live in the district, and meet an age requirement. Fairly low pay.
Legislative process is the same as the national level.
Judicial BranchMisdemeanors: Minor crimes handled by
lower courts.Felonies: Serious crimes handled by
higher courts.Trial courts: Use juries. Judge decides
punishment.Appellate courts: Panel of judges.
Appellate jurisdiction.State Supreme Court: Highest level.Plea Bargain: Defendant pleads guilty for
a reduced sentence.
County GovernmentLocal governments are established by state
governments.Charter: Plan that explains the power of a local
government.All counties provide services for their citizens.County board has legislative powers.Ordinance: Law passed by a county board.Provide law enforcement, set up hospitals, improve
transportation, and set up public libraries.Collect revenue through property tax and sales
tax.Have executive power to enforce laws (Inspectors).
County OfficialsSheriff: Law enforcement. Keeps peace and
manages the jail.District attorney: Investigates crime and
prosecutes in court.Coroner: Establishes the cause of death.County clerk: Keeps official records.Assessor: Determines the value of property
for tax purposes.
Town GovernmentsSome counties are divided into towns.In the northeast, town government is
more important than county.Town govt. began in New England as a
form of direct democracy.Other northern states divided into smaller
units called townships.In the Midwest, townships were
established during expansion by Congress.
Village GovernmentSmallest unit of local government.A group must get permission from the state.Villages have a board and an executive
elected by the voters.
Special DistrictsProvides a solution for a single issue or
provide a service.An elected board runs the district.User fees: Rates paid for services.
City GovernmentMust get a charter from the state
government.Home rule: Allows cities to write their own
charters.Crime, medical problems, drug abuse, and
homelessness are problems.Ward: Voting district in a city.
Mayor-Council GovernmentSeparate legislative (city council) and
executive (mayor) branches.There are strong and weak mayor plans.
City Council – City ManagerVoters elect a city council.City manager runs the city. Appointed by the
city council.
Commission GovernmentBegan in Galveston, Texas in 1901 after a
natural disaster.Separate departments led by a commissioner.
The commission has executive and legislative powers.
Community ProblemsPublic Policy: Decision that effect people.
They can come from lawmakers, citizens, interest groups, and the media.
Must plan for the future. Involves educated guessing.
Short term: Decisions effecting the next few years.
Long term: Decisions effecting the next fifty years.
Must have priorities and evaluate resources.Communities develop a master plan of goals.
ZoningA zoning board decides what land will be
used for.Different zones for residential, business, and
public land.Provides a map for the community.
FinancingTaxes: Sales, property and income.User fees: Fares paid for the use of services.Bond: Borrow the money and pay it back
later.
Education and HousingEducation is the most expensive service
provided by state and local governments.Magnet school: Students focus on a
particular field of study.Vouchers: Help parents send children to
private schools.Urban renewal: Re-building old
neighborhoods.The government provides low income
housing.
Shortages and PollutionMany places have shortages on power and
water.Conservation: Using less of our resources.Disposing of garbage is a problem (landfills).Recycling: Using old materials to produce
new ones.
FederalismNational government shares power with
the states.This gives Americans freedom to provide
for their own needs.The main reason is sectional differences.Types of Power:
Enumerated: Powers given to the national government. Can be expressed or implied (Elastic clause).
Reserved: Powers given to the state governments.
Concurrent: Powers shared between national and state.
Federal Aid to the StatesSpending is roughly related to population of
the state (from census numbers)Additional demographic questions to find out
where children are located (education), minorities (grants for minorities), and population density (highways)
New FederalismRecently shift of some programs/authority for
decision-making on the implementation of the programs back to the state and local governments.
Started with President Nixon and continued with President Reagan
Types of AidCategorical Grants – funds for some specific
closely defined purpose. Like money for school lunchesUsually have strings attached
Block Grants – funds for much more broadly defined purposesFewer strings attached, more freedom for state/local to
decide how to spend moneyProject Grants – funds for specific organizations
or governmental bodies For research, job training programs, etc.
Fiscal FederalismMost interactions between national and state
government involve monetary considerations Fiscal FederalismCarrot and Stick ApproachUnfunded MandatesCoercive Federalism
South Dakota v. Dole
Understanding FederalismAdvantages for Democracy
Increases access to governmentLocal problems can be solved locallyHard for political parties or interest
groups to dominate all politics
Disadvantages for DemocracyStates have
different levels of service
Local interest can counteract national interests
Too many levels of government and too much money
Understanding Federalism cont.Federalism and the Scope of GovernmentWhat should the scope of national
government be relative to the states?National power increased with
industrialization, expansion of individual rights, and social services
Most problems require resources afforded to the national, not state governments
Summary of FederalismFederalism is a governmental system in
which power is shared between central government and the 50 state governments.
The US has moved from dual to cooperative federalism; fiscal federalism to new federalism.
Federalism leads to both advantages and disadvantages to democracy.
Most interactions today have a monetary component.
There are still struggles and conflicts over power sharing in this relationship.
Rate Each Local AgencyWith 1 being the highest and 9 the lowest
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