Viruses Chapter 2.1 No, not this kind! The kind that make you really physically sick.
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VirusesChapter 2.1
No, not this kind! The kind that make you really physically sick.
What are Viruses?
1. non-living particle, no living characteristics
2. not a cell
3. invades and multiplies inside a living cell
4. does not use energy to grow or respond to surroundings
5. needs a “Host” a source of energy (you) for the virus to multiply
6. acts like a parasite, causing harm to the host
Naming Viruses
1. After a disease they caused1. Poliomyelitis
2. Organisms they infect1. Bacteriophage –
a virus infecting bacteria
3. A place they are found
4. Scientists who discover them
Polio-an infectious disease, causing motor problems, paralysis
Viruses Multiply
Active VirusesMakes copy after
copy of new virusesHost releases
viruses
Hidden VirusesSits in hostInactiveAll at once
becomes activeCold soreStress
Hides again
5. Viruses and Living World
Can cause• Disease• Death• Harm to plants
and animals
Can be helpful to• Scientists• Gene therapy• Medical
treatment
BACTERIA
Two types of cells
Eukaryotic CellContains a nucleusMore evolved cellprotists, fungi, animals, plants
Prokaryotic CellContains NO nucleusPrimitive (older) cellBACTERIA
Bacteria CellsDiscovered by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s
Unicellular organisms that contain CYTOPLASM -Holds everything RIBOSOMES-Produce Proteins
Come in three shapesSpherical Rod Spiral
Bacteria contains
FLAGELLUM: a tail that helps them to move
Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
1. Archeabacteria“Ancient” bacteriaSurvives in extreme temperaturesEarth’s earliest life forms.
2. EubacteriaDo not live in extreme
environmentsMillions live in your bodyAdds oxygen to Earth’s
atmosphere
Bacteria uses Respiration: breaking down food to release energy
Two Types of Bacterial Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction – Reproduction with only 1 parent with offspring identical to parent
Binary Fission – One bacteria cell divides to form two identical cells
Sexual Reproduction –
• 2 parents combine genetic material to form a new, different offspring
• Conjugation – One bacterium transfers genetic material to another bacterium through a thin bridge
Bacteria Survival Needs Food
• AUTOTROPHS•Makes their own
food•Uses sun’s energy•Chemical
substances
• HETEROTROPHS•Can’t make
its own food•Consumes
autotrophs•Consumes
other heterotrophs
algae
Food chain
Uses of Bacteria1. Fuel:
• methane gas
2. Food: • cucumbers to pickles• milk to buttermilk
3. Environmental Recycling• Decomposers break down dead organisms
into chemicals
4. Environmental Cleanup
5. Health & Medicine• Antibiotics
Ch. 2.3 Viruses, Bacteria, and Health
Ch. 2.3 Viruses, Bacteria, and Health
Infectious Diseases Illness passing from one organism to
another
Infectious Diseases Illness passing from one organism to
another
Four Ways to get ill
1. Contact with infected person
2. Contaminated object3. Infected animal4. Environmental source
Four Ways to get ill
1. Contact with infected person
2. Contaminated object3. Infected animal4. Environmental source
Contact with Infected PersonContact with Infected Person Touching Hugging Kissing
Can transfer cold sores
Sneezes Coughs Flu
Through drops of infected moisture in the air
Touching Hugging Kissing
Can transfer cold sores
Sneezes Coughs Flu
Through drops of infected moisture in the air
Contact with Contaminated ObjectContact with Contaminated Object Viruses survive outside of the body
Spread on objects Utensils Cups Toothbrushes Cell Phones iPods Computers
Contaminated food/water lip gloss, chapstick, sharing or trading
food
Viruses survive outside of the body
Spread on objects Utensils Cups Toothbrushes Cell Phones iPods Computers
Contaminated food/water lip gloss, chapstick, sharing or trading
food
Contact with an AnimalContact with an Animal Animal bites
Rabies West Nile
Virus Ticks Mosquitoes
Animal bites Rabies West Nile
Virus Ticks Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes
West Nile Virus
Mosquitoes
West Nile Virus
Contact with Environmental Sources
Contact with Environmental Sources
Salmonella BacteriaFood poisoningEggs, poultry, meat
BotulismFood poisoningBacteria making a toxin
Salmonella BacteriaFood poisoningEggs, poultry, meat
BotulismFood poisoningBacteria making a toxin
Common Infectious DiseasesCommon Infectious Diseases
VIRAL AIDS Chicken Pox Flu Measles Polio Rabies
VIRAL AIDS Chicken Pox Flu Measles Polio Rabies
BACTERIAL Food Poisioning Lyme Disease Strep Throat Tetanus
(lockjaw) Tuberculosis
BACTERIAL Food Poisioning Lyme Disease Strep Throat Tetanus
(lockjaw) Tuberculosis
Vaccines: substance stimulates production of chemicals to prevent the spread of infectious disease
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