Virtual Flow Metering principle Metering Maintenance and ...€¦ · 2 Virtual flow metering vs «physical metering» Single phase flow metering Multiphase flow metering DP 0.4 m
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Virtual FlowMetering
Characterizing virtual flow metering
Metering principle
Maintenance and tuning
Applications areas
1
Virtual FlowMetering
Characterizing virtual flow metering
Metering principle
Maintenance and tuning
Applications areas
2
Virtual flow metering vs «physical metering»
Single phase flow metering Multiphase flow metering
DP
0.4 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝐷𝑃)
Compact Compact
𝑄
DP
P/T
x
x
2.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝐷𝑃, 𝑃, 𝑇, 𝑥𝑖)
𝑄
Virtual flow metering
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
3
Virtual flow metering – key characteristics
• Distributed instrumentation
• Dependent on instrument and system sensitivity to
changes in flow and phase fractions
• Solution range; pure data driven, thermo-hydraulic
modelling, or hybrids
• Not boxable, therefore «Factory calibration» not
possible
• Dependent on tuning/calibration to extend «calibrated
range» and adapt to changing operating conditions
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
4
Virtual FlowMetering
Characterizing virtual flow metering
Metering principle
Maintenance and tuning
Applications areas
5
Virtual flow metering – Pressure drop in well
𝑃1 − 𝑃2
Increasing pressure drop
(hydrostatic) from gas-liquid
slip at low flow velocity
Increasing pressure drop from
higher flow velocity / frictional
pressure drop
Figure reference:
M. Banowski, Prof. U. Hampel, E. Krepper, M. Beyer, D. Lucas (2018).
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
6
Virtual flow metering – Temperature drop in well
𝑇1 − 𝑇2
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
Long temperature transients
in wells due to formation
warm-up
Steady state
Start-upP/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
7
Virtual flow metering – Pressure drop over choke
𝑃2 − 𝑃3
Critical/choked flow:
Flow velocity = velocity of sound
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
8
Virtual flow metering – Estimating phase fractions
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
9
Virtual FlowMetering
Characterizing virtual flow metering
Metering principle
Maintenance and tuning
Applications areas
10
Virtual flow metering – Well testing
𝑄 liquid
Test alternatives:A. Test separator test
B. Deduction test
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
11
Virtual flow metering - Tuning pressure drop in well
𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
12
Virtual flow metering - Tuning temperature drop in well
𝑇1 − 𝑇2
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
13
Virtual flow metering - Tuning pressure drop over choke
𝑃2 − 𝑃3
𝑄 liquid (constant GOR and WC)
Choke Cv curve:
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
14
Virtual flow metering – Uncertainty drivers
• Installed instrument uncertainty vs measured value
• Fluid properties / PVT description
• Quality of test / reference data
• Instrument sensitivity to changes in flow and phase
fractions
• Outdated assumptions, e.g. WC or GOR
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
15
Virtual FlowMetering
Characterizing virtual flow metering
Metering principle
Maintenance and tuning
Applications areas
16
Virtual flow metering – Main application areas
A. Establish flow rates without dedicated physical
flow meters
B. Provide back-up for physical flow meters
P/T
P/T P/T
1 0
00
-3
00
0 m
5.0 m
𝑄 = 𝑓(𝑃1, 𝑇1, 𝑃2, 𝑇2, 𝑃3, 𝑇3, 𝐶ℎ𝑘𝑝𝑜𝑠, . . 𝑥𝑖)
Distributed
𝑄
Choke
Pos.
1
2 3
17
Virtual FlowMetering
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