Video Watermarking

VIDEO WATERMARKING

Presented by:-

MANJESH KUMAR (12100027)

Guided by:-

Dr. David Peter S.

CONTENTS • Introduction • Need for video watermarking • Video watermarking terminologies • Types for video watermarking • Desired properties • Application of watermarking Structure of a Typical Video Watermarking

System

• An algorithm of video watermarking • Attack on watermark • Conclusion • References

INTRODUCTION

Definition: A digital watermark is a digital signal or

pattern inserted into a digital document such as text, graphics or multimedia, and carries information unique to the copyright owner.

Video watermarking is an extension of this concept.

Need for video watermarking

Protect copyright of a data.

Video Watermarking can help

◦ Prove ownership

◦ Identify a misappropriating person

◦ Trace the video dissemination

Broadcast Monitoring

Video watermarking introduces some issues not present in image watermarking

Frame averaging, frame dropping, frame swapping …

Video watermarking terminologies

• Digital Video

• Payload

• Perceptibility

• Robustness

• Security

TYPES of Video Watermarking

Two types :-

1. Visible

2. Invisible

Visible watermarks it’s use : -

1. To discourage unauthorized usage. 2. As an advertisement

Visible watermarking algorithm

Least Significant Beat (LSB)

EXAMPLE OF VISIBLE VIDEO WATERMARKING

Invisible watermarks

Three types of Invisible watermark :

1. Robust Watermarks

2. Fragile Watermarks

3. Public and Private Watermark

No degradation in the aesthetic quality of the data.

Invisible Robust Video Watermarking Techniques Spatial Domain Method

Frequency Domain Method

DESIRED PROPERTIES

Robust

Video watermarking ( frame averaging, frame dropping, frame swapping... )

Recoverable from a document

Removable by authorized users

Low error probability

Provide the original information embedded reliably

Capacity

Invisible

APPLICATION OF WATERMARKING

• Owner Identification

• Proof of Ownership

• Transaction Tracking

• Content Authentication

• Broadcast Monitoring

• Device Control

• Automatic monitoring of copyrighted material on

the Web

A Generic approach to watermarking digital data

There are 3 main processes involved in watermarking —

1. Insertion of a watermark

2. Detection of a watermark

3. Removal of a watermark

Inserting a watermark

It consists of :-

A watermark insertion unit that uses:-

a. Original video

b. Watermark

c. A user key

to obtain the watermarked video.

watermark insertion unit

The user key , input video and the watermark are passed through a watermark insertion unit.

This results in a watermarked video.

Watermark Extraction Unit

Two phases:-

1. Locating the watermark

2. Recovering the watermark information.

Watermark Detection Unit

Consists of :-

a. An extraction unit to first extract the watermark.

b. Compare it with the original watermark inserted.

c. The output is Yes or No depending on whether the watermark is present.

A watermarking algorithm — The LSB technique

Let’s consider still images.

Each pixel of the color image has three components — red, green and blue.

3 bytes for each pixel.

Each color has 1 byte, or 8 bits.

Each bits has it’s own value 2pow(n) .

The LSB technique…….

A pixel that is bright purple in color can be shown as

X0 = {R=255, G=0, B=255}

Another pixel:

X1 = {R=255, G=0, B=254}

The Algorithm

1.A raw bitmap image „A’ will be selected from the set of standard test images. Let

this be the base image on which the watermark will be added.

2. A raw bitmap image „B‟ will be selected from the set of standard test images. This

will be the watermark image which will be added to the base image.

3. The most significant bit henceforth will be mentioned as MSB, of watermark image

„B‟ will be read and these will be written on the least significant bit, henceforth will

be mentioned as LSB, of base image „A‟.

4. Thus, „A’ will be watermarked with ‘B’ resulting in a combined image ‘C‟.

5. ‘C’ therefore will now contain an image ‘A’ which has its LSBs replaced with

the MSBs of ‘B‟.

6. This technique is used to add an invisible and visible watermark.

Distortions and attacks

Additive Noise.

Cropping.

Compression.

Statistical Averaging.

Multiple Watermarking.

Mosaic Attack

An Algorithm of Invisible Video Watermarking

Raw video watermarking

◦ DWT (Discrete wavelet transform)

◦ DCT ( Discrete cosine transform)

◦ DFT ( Discrete frequency transform)

Discrete Wavelet Transform

Normalized to 256 X 256 pixel size

Perform DWT for each frame

Advantage of DWT Prevent from frame dropping

Prevent from adding noise / another video

Mark with m1

Mark with m3

Mark with m0

Mark with m6

Scene change occur

Watermark Preprocess Safe from frame averaging Hard to reconstruct the watermark

85

64 0

1

2

4

5

6

7 3

Crop

Bit

Decomposition

8 bit-

planes

17

0

25

6

0

1

2

4

5

6

7 3

8 bit-

planes

17

0

25

6

0

1

2

4

5

6

7 3 Total 8 images

is obtained

m0

m7

Place the bit-

planes side by

side

Watermark Embedding

C[i] = C[i] + 1 , if W[j] = 1

C[i] = C[i] , otherwise

LL, HH is not watermark

HL1

LH1 HH1

HL2

HH2 LH2

LL

LH

LH3 HH3

HL3 HL

HH

170

256

0

1

2

4

5

6

7 3

Watermark mi

Watermark Detection

1. Video Frame

256 X 256 3. DWT

DWT result frames

Original video frames 4. Compare

2. Detect the scene change

5. Averaging the watermark

get from different frames

Watermark mi

170

256 m0

m1

m2

m4

m5

m6

m7 m3

7. Get different part of W

from different scene and

reconstruct the large image

170

256 0 1 2

4 5 6 7 3

6. Combine 8 bit-planes 85 64

8. Correlate and verify

Extracted Original

E O

Mark with m1

Mark with m3

Mark with m0

Mark with m6

Scene change occur

Future Direction

Implement and use do experiment on the scheme

Identifiable from very short segment of video

Change to blind watermarking scheme

ATTACK ON WATERMARK

Compression

Rescaling

Cropping

Multiple watermarks

• Frame averaging

• Frame dropping

• Frame swapping

• Statistical analysis

CONCLUSION

Need due to Copyright protection

Different from image watermarking

Brief review of current technologies

DWT-based Video Watermarking Scheme with

Scramble Watermark

Future Direction

Inadequate for general use

Different tools offering this watermarking

Set to grow

REFERENCES

F. Hartung and M. Kutter, “Multimedia watermarking techniques”,Proceedings of the

IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7 , July1999.

I. Cox, J. Kilian, T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, “Secure spread spectrum watermarking

for images, audio and video,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing (ICIP 96),

Lausanne, Switzerland, Sept. 1996.

Yeo and M.M. Yeung, “Analysis and synthesis for new digital video applications,” icip,

International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP'97),vol. 1, pp.1,1997.

Ingemar J. Cox, Matthew L. Miller, Jeffrey A. Bloom “Digital Watermarking” Morgan

Kaufmann Publishers ISBN: 1-55860-714-5

http://www-ee.uta.edu/dip/Courses/EE5355/jpeg.html

“Privacy principles for digital watermarking”, Ver. 1.0, May 2008. Website:

https://www.cdt.org/