Video Questions What elements were created during the big bang? What elements are created as fusion in stars? What elements are created during a super.

Video Questions

• What elements were created during the big bang?

• What elements are created as fusion in stars?

• What elements are created during a super nova explosion?

• How does the mass of the star effect element creation?

Where do elements come from?

The First Elements in the Early Universe

Hydrogen and Helium were the first elements

Where do the other 90 naturally occurring elements originate (come) from?

Fusion in stars and Supernovae

Elements in the stars as viewed from Earth

Elements are made in stars• Stars are hot ionized

balls of gas (plasma) full of energy and are held together by gravity

• Everything is made from the elements created in massive stars. Stars are huge factories producing the elements found in the Universe.

What is Nuclear Fusion?

• The star creates heat and light by nuclear fusion. Light Hydrogen atoms fuse into Helium atoms.

Combining of atomic nuclei

Lighter Elements: Atomic # ≤ 26

• Lighter elements fuse to create heavier elements like carbon and oxygen

• During the life span of a star, fusion can take place up to the formation of Iron (Fe)

© 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley

Supergiants

• They have enough gravitational energy to heat up to 6 x 108 K. – C fuses into O

• C is exhausted, core collapses until O fuses.

• The cycle repeats itself.– O Ne Mg Si Fe

What happens to the high mass stars when they exhaust their He fuel?

Supernova

Crab Nebula in Taurussupernova exploded in 1054

The amount of energy released is so great, that most of the elements heavier than Iron (Fe) are instantly created.

Heavier Elements: Atomic # > 26

Supernovae

Veil Nebula Tycho’s Supernova (X-rays)exploded in 1572

• After a supernova, a solar nebula is formed which contains heavier elements

• This nebula forms new stars with a higher concentration of heavier elements

• Our Sun has 67 different elements and is thus a later generation or “recycled” star

Where do elements come from?

Where do elements come from?

•Big Bang

•Fusion in Stars HHeC…

•Supernovas - Recycled Matter