VERBAL & NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR DETECTING DECEPTION.
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VERBAL & NON-VERBALBEHAVIOR
DETECTING DECEPTION
NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOR• Eyes-their importance
• 90% of facial information come from eye expressions
• Eye contact can indicate truthfulness or deception
• San Paku• Excessive eye blinking indicates
stress
EYES• Eye movement
• Eye movement to the left indicates an introverts personality
• Eye movement to the right indicates an extroverts personality
• Not as effective with women as men
EYES• Eye behaviors that are indicators
of deception.• Excessive eye shifting• Prolonged eye contact• Staring at interviewer• MSU
GUILTY EYES• Ready to confess
• Looks at ceiling for the first time.• Starts blinking.
NOSE• “The nose is the most stress
sensitive part of the body.”• Touching, rubbing, picking, and
holding the nose are indicators of stress and deception.
MOUTH• Inappropriate/excessive smiling is an
indicator of deception.• False smile is noted by only lower teeth
showing.• Any obstruction of speech-whether
physical or symbolic indicates stress.• Excessive gulping is a sign of stress
MOUTH• Yawning is a sign of stress or feigned
boredom.• Other behaviors indicating stress
• Biting lips• Squeezing lips• Continuously licking lips• Dry mouth resulting in a clacking sound
when talking• White foam in the corners of the mouth
FACE
• Frozen Face-expression• Facial coloring
• White/chalky• Red
• Facial tics-spasms, good indicators of deception
HANDS• Hands on chin
• Thumb under chin, forefinger stroking chin-deciding to confess
• Thumb under chin subject starts to smile• Hand over mouth indicator of deception• Women’s hands go to their neck and throat
area indicator of stress.• Hands away from body indicator of
truthfulness.• Hands inward to the body indicator of
deception.
ARMS• Crossing of arms indicates
defensiveness caused by fear of the situation or guilt ridden stress.
• Arms crossed over chest, fists clasped under arms indicates uncooperativeness.
ARMS• Arms crossed closely to the neck
indicates greater defiance.• Arms crossed and leaning into the
interrogator indicates lessening chance of cooperation.
GENERAL APPEARANCES• Truthful person
• Appears at ease• Talkative• Sincere• Cooperative• Answers questions directly• Good eye contact• Appears relaxed• Lighthearted conversation
Grocery
GENERAL APPEARANCES• Deceptive person
• Apprehensive• Worried appearance• Continual sighing or yawning• Aggressive toward interviewer• Overfriendly• Poor eye contact• Evasive answering• Excessive movement
POSTURE (SITTING)• Truthful
• Sits upright• Relaxed looking• Changes positions• Arms open uncrossed• Legs open uncrossed• Head and shoulders straight up• Overall has casual appearance
POSTURE (SITTING)• Deceptive Person
• Slouches in chair• Stiff and rigid• Faces to the side • Moves frequently and rapidly• Arms crossed upper body turned away from
interrogator• Head slump• Fetal position
LIAR’S MOVEMENT• Trunk shifting means fear of
interrogation.• Moving chair away from
interrogator.• Attempting to exit.
LEGS• Leg(s) stretched far out• Hands on inside of legs• Crossing of legs
FEET-INDICATORS OF STRESS• Bouncing feet• Kicking-anger• Person moves interrogators chair• Foot tapping• Cross ankles under chair
PRE-CONFESSION POSES• Palms up• First sigh• Rounding or drooping of shoulders• Chin dropping to chest• Eyes slowly blinking while looking
at ceiling
PRE-CONFESSION POSES• First crying (look for mucus)• Holding or rubbing chin while
smiling• Leans into interrogators body
space• Overall look of submission
Cooper
VERBAL BEHAVIOR• Verbal signals are the most
productive.• Pitch increase, cracking in the
voice, increased flow and volume are indicators of stress.
• Stress occurs and rate, volume, or pitch may increase or decrease 95%.
The No’s which may indicate deception• The 5 second no• No followed by body movement
• Arms crossing• Legs crossing• Body shifting
• The late no when others were timely
• No followed by closing of eyes
NO’S• No given before the question is
finished• The “Stevie Wonder” NO• Breathless No no sound• Humming bird no• No with a washed out look• No with a hypnotic glance
NO’S• Multiple No’s at stress points• The “Nixon” no• No followed by laughter
Anger/Aggression indicative of deception• Doesn’t deny the crime, attacks
the facts• Blames the victim• Anger at onset of interview• Makes issues of false issues• Truthful person doesn’t start out
angry
Speech indicators of deception• Sighs• Laughs• Tsks• Whew• Slurring of words• Skips around sentences• Stop sentences
Speech
• Restarts sentences• Leaves off ends of sentences• Speech dysfunction 90% likelihood
of lying• Overly polite, cannot be insulted
Guilt signatures-beware who without prompting• Tells you about previous arrest • Tells you about past similar trouble• Speaks in third person about
themselves 1st to 3rd
• States they are hated or disliked
Guilt Signatures• Vehemently denies minor issues• Says interviewer is prejudiced and
will never believe them
Pointer Responses• Statements made in response to
hot issues which indicate deception
• That question bothers me• That question makes me fell funny• Obscene remarks uttered at
relevant issue
Pointer Responses• Stands up at the time the relevant
question is asked• Stomach growls, burps, etc….• Swinging of the arms with hands in
a fist
Prompted Pointed Response• Ask subject if there was a
particular area he was having a problem with and if wished to clarify it at this time.
Stalling tactics that are indicative of deception• Why?
• Time to think• Formulate the answer
• Stalling tactics• Repeat the question• Clears throat or coughs• Answers the question with a question
Stalling Tactics• What type of person do you think I
am• Road of Life• Growing up
• Are you accusing me• Do you really think I did it• Are you talking to me
Stalling Tactics• Why would I want to do something
like that• Did I do it• Could you say that again• Could you rephrase the question• Questions entire investigation• Ask you to hurry up
Religious Statements'• Deceptive persons are more likely
to use them• Honest to God • A God fearing person like myself• I swear to you on my----------grave(Fld nurse case)
Memory Lapses• When subject claims memory
failure• Deceptive memory phrases
• Doesn’t think so• Can’t recall• Can’t remember• Not that I can think of or remember
Flag Expressions• “You may not believe anything
else I told you, but you have to believe this
• Really• To tell the truth• To the best of my knowledge• I couldn’t lie to you……….
Flags• I swear to God• Frankly---speaking• May my Mother/father drop dead• To be honest • I have no reason to lie• Use of Momma or the bible
Flags• What could happen to a person
who did something like this• I’ll tell you what you want to know
provided• I knew this was going to happen• Why would I want to do something
like this
Parrish
Qualifiers-phrases/sentences• But please understand I wouldn’t
do something like this• I don’t know anything about it
but……….• I’m not trying to evade the
question but• I’m not trying to confuse you but
Qualifiers-phrases/sentences• I know you think I’m lying but• You may not believe this but• Your going to think I’m making this
up but• You are going to find this hard to
believe but• I know this sounds strange but
Qualifiers-phrases/sentences• This is going to sound like a lie but• To the best of my knowledge• To clarify what I’m saying• To answer that completely • They would not commit a crime
like that…………..
Camouflage Expressions• By the way• IncidentallyLike buts listen to what follows
Some of the best indicators of deception• Totally ignores the question• Refuses to answer• Delays in answering
Warning Signals• Subject who fires back a question• Answers slowly and incompletely• Interrupts with yes or no• Late for the interview second time
Warning Signals• Person who agrees to pay back
what was taken• Is this mess going to end up in
court• Inappropriate crying (mucus)• Prays during interview
Statements Made• Susan McDougal answers to the
allegations of her affair with President Clinton. “I’m a small-town girl, a Southern Baptist. I would not do it.”
• While at the opening session of the United Nations in Sept. Bill Clinton responded to press inquiries regarding A.G. Reno opening a thirty day investigation of Clinton and Gore and their fund raising efforts from the White House. Clinton stated that he and Al Gore “believed at the time that what we were doing was legal.”
Mothers Statement• My children wanted me. They
needed me and now I can’t help them.
Fathers Statement• They’re okay. They’re going to be
home soon.
Suspect’s Statement• I got up at 7:00 when my alarm
went off. I took a shower and got dressed. I decided to go out to breakfast. I went to McDonald’s on the corner. Met a man who lives nearby. Talked with him for a few minutes. I finished breakfast and drove to work.
Subject’s Statement• I was sitting at my desk cleaning
my gun. I took my gun apart and cleaned each part. I put my gun back together and when I was putting my gun away, the gun went off.
Arson Statement• I left my house right after breakfast to
join my friends at the track for the day. I drove back to my house, made a few phone calls, then went out to dinner with Stan Thompson. Stan dropped me off at my house around 10:00. After I changed my clothes I left the house to spend the night at my cousin Tom’s. Around midnight we heard fire engines and got up to see what was going on.
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