Various Types of Display Devices and Printers
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VARIOUSTYPESOFDISPLAYDEVICESANDPRINTERS
Prepared by:
Anjali tailor(090070110051)
Khushboo patel(090070110035)
Khushboo desai(090070110037)
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ATTRIBUTES
High resolutionHigh brightnessLarge viewing angle
High writing speedLarge colour gamutHigh contrastLess weight and size
Low power consumptionLow cost
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VARIOUSDISPLAYS
Vacuum flourcent display (VFD)
Field emission display (FED)
Cathod ray tube (CRT)
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Plasma display panel (PDP)
Electroluminiscent display (EL)
organic light emitting diode (OLED)Light emitting display(LED)
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FED
Field emission displays,electrons coming frommillions of tiny microtipspass through gates andlight up pixels on a screen.
This principle is similar tothat of cathode-ray tubesin television sets. The
difference: Instead of justone "gun" sprayingelectrons against theinside of the screens face,there are as many as 500
million of them (microtips).
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CATHOD
The cathode/backplateis a matrix of row andcolumn traces. Each
crossover lays thefoundation for anaddressablecathode emitters.
Each crossover has upto 4,500 emitters, 150nm in diameter. Thisemitter density assures
a high quality imagethrough manufacturingredundancy, and long-life through lowoperational stress.
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EMISSION
Emitters generateelectrons when asmall voltage isapplied to both row
(base layer) andcolumn (top layer).
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PIXELSFaceplate picture
elements (pixels) areformed by depositingand patterning a blackmatrix, standard red,green, and blue TV
phosphors and a thinaluminum layer toreflect colored lightforward to the viewer.
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METAL TIPS
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FED
Advantages and disadvantages:
MATRIX DISPLAY
LARGE VIEWING ANGLE
HIGH BRIGHTNESS,HIGH RESOLUTION
EXCELLENT COLOUR GAMUT
TECHNOLOGY NOT MATURE
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EL
The structure consists of two thin layers of dielectric withphosphor sandwitched between them. A thin Al layer on the topand thin ITO layer on the bottom completes EL.When voltage oforder of 200V is applied the resultant high electric field
(1MV/cm) tunnels electrons through dielectric on to phosphor.The high energy of electrons impact the colour centres to emitvisible light.
High brightness, high resolution,
Blue phosphor improvement required
High voltage switching
High purity materials
Small sizes
Expensive
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LCD
Most mature flat paneltechnology
Major share of FPD marketPoor intrinsic viewing angle
Requires backlight
Inefficient
SlowEffected by Temperature andsunlight
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PDP WORKING
Address electrodecauses gas tochange to plasmastate.
The plasma emits UVin discharge regionwhich impinges on
the phosphor
Reaction causes eachsubpixel to produce red,green, and blue light.
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PDP
Large Displays >32
High Resolution
High Brightness
Good ContrastGood Colour gamut
Large viewing angle
High Speed
Presently High Cost
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Not applicableNoteconomical
Potentialexists;
Cost?
Carbon
nanotubes
will
succeed.
Will replaceLCD
Mainly occupiedby AM LCD
Between 5 to 15
Games, automotive,
Internet applications,
Instrumentation
Not applicableNot
applicable
Potential
exists;Cost?
Will replace
LCD
Presently
occupied byPMSTN. AMLCD
will enter as
higher resolutions
and speed
requirements
increase
Between 2 and 5
Industrial, Internetappliances,
mobilephones,
cameras/ ca mcorders,
projectors
Not applicableNot
applicable
Potential
exists;
Cost?
Will replace
LCD
Presently
occupies PM STN
or LCOS
Less than 2
Pager, cell phones,
microdisplays
PROJECTIONPLASMAFEDOLEDLCDSIZE AND APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY vs APPLICATION
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Prime contenderLess
attractive
than
projection
Above 50
HDTV,Video walls
Can penetrate into PDPOnly
choice
Remote
possibility
No
technologylimitations;
hopes are
high
Not applicableBetween 35 & 50
TV, HDTV, Largedisplays education
and advertisement
Not economicalHigh endof the size
eminently
suitable
DoubtfulLessexpensive
and better
performance
than LCD.
Tiling is
possible
Expensive for TV;Tiling by Rainbow
is a route
Between 20 & 35
TV
Potential
exists. But
technology
for large
sizes with
CNT?
Potential to
replace LCD
Sony already
demonstrate
d 15
Fully occupied by
AMLCD a:Si
Moving to p:Si
Between 15 to 20
Notebook PC and
Desktop
PROJECTIONPLASMAFEDOLEDLCDSIZE AND APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY vs APPLICATION
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PRINTERS
A printer is a peripheraldevice that produces aphysical copy or hard copyof the computers output.
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IMPACT PRINTER
1) Impact Printer-In impact printers,characters areprinted by pressing a typeface against an inkedribbon, which makes a mark on the paper. Themostly common used impact printer is the Dot
Matrix Printer.
1) Non-Impact Printer - In non-impact printers,thereis no contact between the typeface and the paperwhile printing. They are much quieters than
impact printers because their printing heads donot strike the paper.Inkjet printer and Laser printerare the examples.
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CHARACTERISTICS Dot-matrix printers vary in two important
characteristics:
speed: Given in characters per second (cps), thespeed can vary from about 50 to over 500 cps.Most dot-matrix printers offer different speedsdepending on the quality of print desired.
print quality: Determined by the number of pins(the mechanisms that print the dots), it can varyfrom 9 to 24. The best dot-matrix printers (24 pins)can produce near letter-quality type, although youcan still see a difference if you look closely.
In addition to these characteristics, you should alsoconsider the noise factor. Comparedto laser and ink-jet printers, dot-matrix printers arenotorious for making a racket.
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PRINTING PROCESSIN DOT MATRIX PRINTER First the computer sends a series of ASCII codes to the
printer. The ASCII codes received by the printer are first stored in
the RAM buffer.
The bitmap table contained in the printer's ROM chip tells
the printer the pattern of dots it should use to produce therequired character shape represented by the ASCII code.
The printer processor takes the dot pattern informationfrom bitmap table and send the signals to the printer
head. The printer head contains 9, 18 or 24 pins aligned
vertically such that one end of each pin is connected toindividual electromagnet.
T fi th i t i i t th ibb d thi
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To fire the print pins against the ribbon and paper thiselectromagnet is energized due to which the moving pinstrikes the ribbon that is coated with ink.
After the pin fires, the electromagnet is de-energized whichmakes the spring pull the print pin back.
How it worksA print-head moves back-and-forth in front of
forms (paper) on which characters or graphic images aretransferred. The print-head contains numerous wires,typically from 9 to 24. Each wire is part of a solenoid-like unit.
A pulse applied to the solenoid creates a magnetic field whichforces the wire to move briefly forward then backward. As thewire moves forward, it presses against a print ribboncontaining ink. The impact transfers an ink dot to the paper.The paper is supported from behind by a plate.
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DEMO
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DOT MATRIX PRINT HEAD
Front view Side view
Print wires(e.g., 12)
One print wire
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DOT MATRIX IMPACT PRINTING
Printwire
Ribbon
Paper
Platen
Side view Side view Front view
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USES
Primarily two:
Any situation that requires multi-part forms
Small printers, such as
CalculatorsAdding machines
Point-of-sale terminals
D
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DOT-MATRIXPRINTERISSUES Print head -Print heads wear off after a while.
-The ink from the ribbon can clog the tiny pins that make
up the tiny pins-Pins can be bent
-Electromagnet can be damaged
Ribbon- Poor print quality can simply mean that the
ribbon needs to be replaced. Each printer get its ownribbon, the cartridge that the ribbon contained withinvaries from printer to printer thus they are notinterchangeable.
Overheating- Due to noisiness dot matrix printers are
often kept under a padded, sound proofed cover.-Less ventilation lead to overheating
Paper jams- Biggest problem paper jam
- If perforated sides can be ripped off they jam the printer.
(patience ,patience , patience is required to fix that .)
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ADVANTAGES
Dot matrix printers, like any impact printer, can print on multi-part stationery or make carbon-copies. Impact printers haveone of the lowest printing costs per page.
They are able to use continuous paper rather than requiringindividual sheets, making them useful for data logging.
They are good, reliable workhorses ideal for use in situationswhere printed content is more important than quality.
The ink ribbon also does not easily dry out, including both
the ribbon stored in the casing as well as the portion that isstretched in front of the print head; this unique propertyallows the dot-matrix printer to be used in environmentswhere printer duty can be rare, for instance, as with a FireAlarm Control Panel's output
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DISADVANTAGES
Impact printers create noise when the pins ortypeface strike the ribbon to the paper. Sounddampening enclosures may have to be used inquiet environments.
They can only print lower-resolution graphics, withlimited color performance, limited quality, and lowerspeeds compared to non-impact printers.
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DOT MATRIX PRINTER EXAMPLE - 1
Specifications
800 cps
400 lpm
6-part forms (max)
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DOT MATRIX PRINTER EXAMPLE - 2
Pacemaker 3410 by OKI Data, Inc.
Specifications Printhead wires: 9
Printhead life: 200 million characters
Print speed:
near letter quality: 105 cps
utility: 420 cps
high speed draft: 550 cps
Number of copies: 8
MTBF: 8000 hours @ 25% duty cycle,35% density
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LASERPRINTER
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LASERPRINTERCOMPONENTS
Toner cartridge
1. A hopper filled with toner. Toner is a fine powdercomposed of plastic, iron and carbon particles.
2. An EP drum covered with photosensitive coating thatholds a static charge until exposed to light.
3. A blade to remove used toner from the drum.
1. A corona charging assembly, which applies a static tothe drum after an image has been printed.
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TONERCARTRIDGE
32
L
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LASERPRINTERCOMPONENTSCONTD
Laser scanning assembly
Contains the following components:Laser - Shines on the drum and creates an electrostatic image
of whats printed.
Creates areas of negative charge on the positivelycharged drum.
Mirror--- Reflects the laser beam.
Lens --- Focuses the laser beam. Multiple lenses maybeused to focus the laser beam on the various areas of thedrum: the areas being closer to or farther away from the mirror
and laser beam. Power supplies
A high voltage power supply (HVPS) converts 120 volt, 60 HzAC current into high voltage electricity used by EP process. A
DC supply (DCPS) is used to power components that dontre uire hi h volta es.
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STEPSINTHELASERPRINTING
PROCESS
Charging or conditioning
The primary corona wire applies a negative charge ofapproximately -600volts to the EP drum.
Writing or exposing
The laser beams reduces the negative charge to about -100volts on the EP drum in the areas that become the image to beprinted.
Developing: Areas of the drum that were written to by thelaser attract toner.
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Transferring: A positive charge of about +600volts isapplied to the paper by transfer corona wire.
Fusing: Pressure and heat set the toner to the paper. A350 deg F fusing roller melts the toner, and squeezing
the paper through a set of rollers presses the toner intothe paper.
Cleaning and erasing: A rubber blade clears the excess
toner from the drum. Another corona wire removes thecharges from the drum.
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LASERPRINTPROCESS
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Corona wire packages
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UNPACKING
Toner is removed
Gently roll toner cartridge side to side
Install drum
Remove Styrofoam from toner area
Remove packing tape
Install toner cartridge37
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INSTALLINGALASERPRINTER
1. Connect the printer to the network or a computerusing the correct interface.
2. Plug it in.
3. Power it up.
4. Windows will likely recognize youve connected anew device and install drivers for it automatically.
5. If drivers arent installed automatically, you cando it manually using the materials that shippedwith the printer. 38
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PRINTERCONFIGURATIONOPTIONS Orientation Portrait or landscape
Collation How the individual pages within a multi-pagedocument are printed when you print more than one copy.Collated means entire copies of the document are printedtogether. Un-collated means that all the copies of page1 areprinted before all the copies of page 2, and so forth.
Copies:-- Number of copies to print Quality Options for draft , normal or high quality on some
printers. Others offer varying resolutions
Color:-- Specify full color or black and white print
Order:-- Some printers allow you to specify whether to print
from last page to first or first to last on multi-page print jobs. Switch print trays
Spool settings
Some configuration can be done through buttons on printeritself
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