Varel Roller Cone Drill Bits
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About Varel International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Advanced Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
High Energy Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Compass Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
A-Force Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9
Challenger Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-11
Steel Tooth - Open Bearing Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13
Bit Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Shirttail Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Premium Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
High Energy Tumbled (HET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Roller Cone Reference Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-19
Bit Shipping Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
API Casing Dimensions and Bit Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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Table of Contents
1
About Varel International
“We will deliver ever-increasing value to our customers and other stakeholders by exceeding industry standards for performance, service and innovation.”
Founded in 1947, Varel International is the world’s largest independent supplier in the global oil & gas drill bit market . Varel offers a comprehensive product line of roller cone and fixed cutter (PDC) drill bits that have evolved and improved through patented drill bit technologies and emerging drilling technologies .
Varel aligns its engineering and manufacturing capabilities to provide customers with high-quality products that deliver reliability and optimum performance .
• High-quality manufacturing
• Product and process innovation
• Delivering integrity in all of our relationships
• Responsibility towards health, safety, and the environment
• Creating customers for life
Scan our updated catalog for our latest products, features and premium options . Then contact the Varel sales office near you to discuss innovative and cost-effective solutions for your next drilling project .
www.varelintl.com
Varel Roller Cone Drill Bit Technology
Varel Drill Bit Technology
Varel roller cone bits are designed and manufactured to provide high levels of performance and reliability . The product lines are the result of years of industry experience and thousands of hours of field tests in the most demanding applications . Every detail of the design and manufacturing process results in a product built to meet or exceed the requirements of our customers .
Using electronic logs and our proprietary GeoScience™ program, Varel evaluates characteristics of rock formations . This program enables Varel to determine rock type, compressive strength, abrasivity and shale reactivity .
Varel has developed proprietary algorithms for cutting structure and bearing designs to ensure each product design consistently performs in a variety of applications . Algorithms are used to design cutting structures to achieve desired rates of penetration, resist tracking and combat off-center operation . Bearings and seal systems are designed using models that assure adequate load capacity and seal wear life in high rotary speed and/or applications with high solids in the circulation system .
Materials used in the construction of roller cone bits are sourced from leading suppliers who have the ability to produce consistently to high standards and meet firm delivery schedules . Varel operates using the philosophy of partnering with suppliers in order to build long-term relationships that provide quality materials and components which result in increased value to our customers .
Our manufacturing processes are designed to be robust and repeatable . These processes are constantly monitored and continuously reviewed to provide the drilling industry with ever-increasing value . All Varel roller cone design and manufacturing facilities are managed through quality programs meeting the requirements of both ISO 9001:2008 and API Q1 . These quality programs are designed with an emphasis on consistency, quality and continuous improvement in all aspects of our business .
Varel products are tailored for specific applications by customizing from a rich set of optional features . These features deliver increased wear protection in demanding drilling applications . This results in longer bit life and reduced drilling costs for our customers .
All Varel products are delivered with superior service . No matter where you are in the world, Varel sales and technical service personnel are experts on local drilling conditions and problem avoidance, and can assist you with proper drill bit and operating parameters selection . From well proposals to onsite monitoring, Varel is available to help you plan and drill your well successfully .
Varel maintains an industry-leading bit record database that is utilized to monitor bit performance and to ensure appropriate bit selection in the well planning process .
Varel Roller Cone Availability
Product Name Size Range TCI Steel Tooth Air
High Energy 7 1/2 - 13 3/4" •
Compass 3 3/4 - 7 3/8" •
A-Force 6 1/8 - 12 1/4" • •
Challenger
Steel Tooth
Large Performance
Jumbo
3 1/2 - 13 3/4"
14 3/4 - 18 1/2"
20" +
•
•
•
•
•
Steel Tooth, Open Bearing
2 7/8 - 44" •
7-1-0035, 7-1-0035 .1
3
Advanced Technologies
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an insert hole
GeoScience builds a virtual model of the geology of the well sections to be drilled.
Advanced Technologies for Design Analysis
Varel engineers utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate fluid flow around roller cone bits and evaluate design hydraulics prior to field tests . CFD analysis allows nozzle orientations to be optimized to eliminate fluid stagnation zones, and to ensure cone cleaning and hole cleaning are efficient and enable maximum penetration rates to be achieved .
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to analyze new roller cone bit designs in the early stages of the process to ensure product reliability under a wide variety of operating conditions . The insert hole and bearing geometries are analyzed through FEA and designed to withstand the high loads encountered in severe drilling applications .
GeoScienceTM is Varel’s proprietary well log, lithology, and rock property analysis software . Varel has developed proprietary algorithmic analytical capabilities to create a leading tool for drill bit applications analysis . Using customer-supplied mud logs, drilling logs, and electric log data, Varel builds a virtual model of the well sections to be drilled . Historic bit performance is evaluated using a specific energy method that allows for correlation across different bore diameters . The GeoScience technology and method leads to a far better understanding of the drilling challenge to be met and assists in identifying the type of drill bit for the application .
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
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› Improved shirttail hardfacing
› Patented HET carbide inserts
› High capacity journal bearing
› Optional diamond enhancement features available
› V-Jet™ hydraulics package
› Patented conical seal gland
› Patented heat shield
High Energy Series
Reliability Improvement
High Energy SeriesPrevious Technology100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
% S
eal E
ffec
tive
21% Increase
› Advanced Compensation System
Our product development team started with a higher load capacity bearing geared toward higher weight and motor applications. Bearing reliability was also enhanced through closely controlled assembly tolerances.
5
Proven technology meets enhanced featuresThe new High Energy product line consists of our 7½" to 13¾" sealed journal bearings with tungsten carbide cutting structures . The bits are built with time-proven O-ring seal technology, but with new features that greatly enhance the effective life of the seals . First, a patented conical seal gland design has been employed . This new geometry positions the seal in such a way that it can better handle pressure
fluctuations and still maintain a preferred dynamic sealing location and interface . The new seal gland is further complemented by an industry exclusive heat shield deployed between the seal and the inner bearing . This shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing . The result is a lower operating temperature for the seal that also extends seal life .
An improved seal and bearing systemThe High Energy Series includes innovations that increase bearing life and seal protection . Engineers developed a bearing system designed to support higher loads on the bearing surface, which resulted in a more robust and more tightly toleranced journal bearing . In
addition, a new anti-shale packing configuration is incorporated, improving cuttings diversion away from the mud side of the seal gland .
Self-draining reservoirWe have incorporated a larger dome-vented grease reservoir into the bearing system that is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer, higher load and higher RPM runs . This new reservoir provides a 13 percent increase in capacity over previous designs
and is configured to be “self-draining” to avoid cuttings buildup adjacent to the reservoir . This feature improves the reliability of reservoir performance when a High Energy Series bit is rerun .
Increased wear resistance
To ensure greater durability, we have incorporated a new shirttail hard metal formulation that significantly increases wear resistance in this critical area of the bit . Upgraded shirttail enhancements including leading edge shirttail inserts, stabilization inserts and diamond
enhanced shirttail protection are available .
High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performanceThis proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher . The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts . We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts .
As a leading manufacturer and global supplier to the drilling industry, we are proud to introduce the next generation in drill bit performance – the Varel High Energy Series.
This innovative series ushers in a new line of roller cone bits capable of increasing drilling performance by effectively utilizing higher energy inputs in the form of increased rotary speed, increased weight on bit, or both . To create the High Energy Series, our engineers used an integrated systems approach . At every point in the development process, each element was refined and enhanced to add to the durability and drilling rate of these bits . As a result, our High Energy Series bits are able to withstand applications where the combination of bit weight and rotary speed is at the high end of the spectrum, and by doing so deliver better performance in critical applications .
› Improved shirttail hardfacing
Overview
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Compass Series
› Custom gage row designs available
› Patented HET carbide inserts
› Enhanced shirttail protection
› Patented conical seal gland
› Patented heat shield
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
› Improved hardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in directional applications
› Highly responsive cutting structure design
Compass series bits have proved highly effective across the spectrum of slimhole operations. Available in sizes ranging from 3-3/4” to 7-3/8,” Compass tungsten carbide insert bits meet the extreme demands of slimhole applications.
In one slimhole application for a major operator in Western Canada, a 158.7mm Compass bit was challenged to increase meters drilled while maintaining an acceptable rate of penetration (ROP). This application requires the bit to pass through increasingly hard formations including the abrasive, sharp sands of the Cadomin/Nikanassin formations. Varel supplied the operator with the Compass CM44DMRS bit, equipped with a diamond enhanced back row, leading edge shirttail inserts and stabilization inserts. The bit drilled 180 meters, down to 1985 meters depth. This performance netted a 19.4 percent improvement in meters drilled when compared to the closest competitor offset and a 31 percent improvement in ROP.
Performance Chart
140
180
200
160
120
80
100
60
40
20
0
6
8
9
7
5
3
4
2
1
0
Vare
l Com
pass
Bit
Com
petit
or R
un 1
Com
petit
or R
un 2
Com
petit
or R
un 3
Com
petit
or R
un 4
Com
petit
or R
un 5
MetersROP
Cutting structures designed for high ROP and steering response.
Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal.
High capacity grease reservoir improves lubrication within the bearing.
View of the internal bearing structure. The advanced bearing metallurgy included in this series provides for a stronger, more stable bearing surface.
7
Overview
Compass™ Series Slimhole BitsReduced size casing programs, re-entries, multi-laterals, and coiled tubing drilling all require steerability, reliability and efficient rate of penetration . Engineered with application specific technology, Compass Series Slimhole Bits provide excellent steerability and high rates of penetration even when weight on bit is limited . The bearing provides long, reliable performance in deep hole, long reach sections where increased RPMs in motor applications are commonly encountered .
Series Features and Benefits
› Advanced cutting structure and gage
Compass series bits are made with highly responsive cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed and unsurpassed steerability . The dense shirttail protection included in the gage of slimhole bits provides superior durability in directional applications .
Custom gage row designs are available to optimize the bit for specific drilling applications . Semi-round top (SRT) inserts or flat topped diamond inserts are applied to harden the gage where required .
› Patented conical seal gland
Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling .
› Patented heat shield
Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing .
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications .
› High capacity reservoir
The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs .
› Patented High Energy Tumbled™ (HET) cutting inserts
Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant .
› Advanced bearing metallurgy
Compass bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing hardmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability .
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A-Force Series
› Back row gage protection
› Advanced cutting structure
› Shirttail protection
› Advanced compensation system
› Replaceable steel jet nozzles with nail retention
› HET™ conical inserts
Heat shield ring with a conical seal gland helps prevent thermal degradation of the seal
Cutaway view of the new high load bearing system
All new head forgings maximize leg strength while increasing clearance area for cuttings removal
Diamond enhancement upgrades are available for both the shirttail and primary cutting structure. These upgrades can be especially beneficial in abrasive air, mist and foam applications.
› Hardfacing near reservoir for wear resistance in lateral sections and building angle
Patented High Energy Tumbled Inserts
High capacity grease reservoir system improves grease distribution within the bearing
9
Overview
A-Force™
In the quest for higher rates of penetration, operators are increasingly turning to underbalanced drilling that utilizes air, water mist and foam fluid systems . These complex systems require specialized bits to maximize efficiency and performance .
Varel has been engineering roller cone bits for air and underbalanced drilling applications since 1994 . Now Varel introduces the A-Force series of sealed journal bearing jet air bits to meet the needs of these applications and provide superior results .
Newly Engineered Bearing and Seal SystemIncluded on all A-Force series bits is an updated sealed journal bearing system designed with new technology that improves management of bearing heat and better accommodates high drilling loads .
› Advanced cutting structure and gage
A-Force series bits use cutting structures designed for increased drilling speed in underbalanced drilling applications . The dense shirttail protection included in the gage provides superior durability in directional applications .
› Patented conical seal gland
Constructed to resist cuttings packing in the seal area, the unique geometry of the seal gland provides significant benefits during high angle drilling .
› Patented heat shield
Deployed between the seal and inner bearing, this shield provides life extending thermal insulation to the seal from heat generated in the bearing .
› High temperature, high lubricity bearing grease
Advanced synthetic grease allows for improved lubrication and greater reliability in high speed motor applications .
› High capacity reservoir
The redesigned reservoir is capable of delivering bearing lubrication over longer and higher RPM runs .
› Patented High Energy Tumbled™ (HET) cutting inserts
Cutting elements undergo the HET process to alter the surface attributes, resulting in inserts that are more abrasion and impact resistant .
› Advanced bearing metallurgy
A-Force bits are equipped with a silver plated journal bushing, silver plated floating thrust washer, pilot pin and enhanced bearing hardmetal alloy for increased durability and reliability .
Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) InsertsVarel A-Force bits are designed with tough HET conical inserts with medium extension . The conical shape promotes high ROPs in underbalanced drilling . The engineered cutting structures of A-Force bits are both durable and efficient .
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Challenger SeriesSteel Tooth and TCI
› Advanced Cutting Structures
› Shirttail Protection
› Semi-Round Top Gage Protection (G Feature)*
› Premium Hardfacing
› Advanced Shirttail Contouring
› Center Jet Nozzle Available
Challenger bits deliver reliable performances with time-proven cutting structures that offer high drilling efficiency, minimize wear and prevent tracking in a wide variety of formations.
11
Overview
Challenger™ SeriesChallenger Series Bits are designed to be durable and deliver efficient performance in all applications .
In the large diameter performance sector (14 3/4" thru 18 1/2 diameters), improved roller bearings, redesigned head forgings, new bearing grease, and an upgraded and larger reservoir capacity deliver longer bearing life in the more challenging runs that are increasingly common with today's directional well profiles .
Varel has expanded the "Jumbo" bit product offering to include additional sizes, cutting structures and bearing options to meet all your top-hole needs . Varel is the industry leader in jumbo bits for oil and gas wells .
Advanced Cutting StructuresChallenger cutting structures are engineered to provide the lowest possible drilling costs . Each design has the row placement and cutter geometry determined to provide high drilling efficiency, minimize tooth wear and prevent tracking in a wide variety of formations and conditions .
Advanced Shirttail ContouringExtensive shirttail contouring and clearance from the wall of the hole ensures that fine cuttings are carried away from the seal area, providing longer seal life .
Gage protection Challenger steel bits feature superior gage protection . Semi-round top inserts are strategically placed between gage teeth, and work in unison with hardfacing to provide additional gage and seal protection .
Premium HardfacingThe tooth surfaces are fortified with premium, high-density tungsten carbide hardfacing applied by oxy-acetylene welding for superior wear resistance .
Center Jet Nozzle (J Feature)A fourth interchangeable jet is installed in the center of the bit to reduce bit balling or provide extra flow capacity .
Bit Sizes Steel Tooth Tungsten Carbide Insert
IADC Code 115 135 415 435 445 515 615
Inches mm
22 558 .8 • •
23 584 .2 • • • • •
24 609 .6 • • •
26 660 .4 • • • • •
28 711 .2 • •
Varel Jumbo Sealed Bearing Bit Availability
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Steel Tooth - Open Bearing Bits
› High Extension Balling Resistant Cutting Structure
› Non-Sealed Roller Bearing
› Center Water Course
13
Overview
Cutting StructureHigh extension balling resistant cutting structure and application specific hardmetal patterns for high penetration rates and long life in soft abrasive formations .
Bearing PackageTraditional ball and roller bearing, utilizing thrust buttons for axial bearing loads, gives reliable performance under a variety of rotary speeds and loads .
Center Jet Nozzle (J Feature)A fourth interchangeable jet is installed in the center of the bit to reduce bit balling or provide extra flow capacity . (Available only in 7 7⁄8" bits and larger) . Smaller bits are configured with a center fluid course .
Forged TeethVarel steel tooth bits 13 ¾" and smaller are manufactured with our exclusive forged tooth process . This innovative method provides stronger, more impact-resistant teeth when compared with milling because the metal flow lines from the forging process follow the tooth contours instead of being cut by machining .
Open Bearings20" and larger bits include weep holes to assist cone drainage and cleaning between runs . Grease fittings are also included to re-grease bearings for protection between runs and during periods of storage .
Steel Tooth - Center Water Course
Bit Type IADC Inches (in) Millimeters (mm)
L2 211
3 1⁄8, 3 ¼, 3 ½, 3 5⁄8, 3 ¾, 3 7⁄8, 4 1⁄8, 4 ¼, 4 ½, 4 5⁄8, 4 ¾, 4 7⁄8, 5 1⁄8, 5 ¼, 5 5⁄8, 5 ¾, 6, 6 1⁄8, 6 ¼, 6 ½, 6 5⁄8 6 ¾, 7 7⁄8, 8 ½
79 .3, 82 .5, 88 .9, 92 .1, 95 .2, 98 .4, 104 .8, 107 .9, 114 .3, 117 .5, 120 .7, 123 .8, 130 .1, 133 .4, 142 .8, 146 .1, 152 .4, 155 .5, 158 .7, 165 .1, 168 .3, 171 .4, 200 .0, 215 .9
L1 311 3 7⁄8, 4 ¾, 6 1⁄898 .4, 120 .7, 155 .6
LH1 3212 7⁄8, 2 15⁄16, 3 7⁄8, 4, 4 ½, 4 ¾, 4 7⁄8
73 .0, 74 .6, 98 .4, 101 .6, 114 .3, 120 .6, 123 .8
Steel Tooth - Open Bearing Bit Availability
Bit Type IADC Inches (in) Millimeters (mm)
L111/L3A 111
14 ¾, 15, 16, 17 ½, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27 ½, 34, 36, 38 ¼, 44
374 .6, 381 .0, 406 .4, 444 .5, 508 .0, 533 .4, 558 .8, 584 .2, 609 .6, 660 .4, 698 .5, 863 .6,
914 .4, 971 .6,
1111 .8
L113 113 26, 28 711 .2
L121 121 12 ¼, 13 ¾ 311 .1, 349 .2
L131 131 17 ½, 26 444 .5, 660 .4
L211 211 26 660 .4
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HE24DMRSV
Indicates Bit Series
HE= High Energy CM= Compass AF = A-Force CH/CR= Challenger
Number SystemOne digit:
Steel tooth cutting structure Softest-to-hardest (1-3)
Two digits:
TCI cutting structure Softest-to-hardest (00-99)
Even numbers - Predominately chisel-shaped inserts Odd numbers - Predominately conical-shaped inserts
Bit Nomenclature
Feature Name Feature Code TCI Bit Steel Tooth Bit
Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones
E Optional -
Cone Back Row Insert Protection
G Standard Optional
Steel Center Jet A-Force > 7 7/8" only
H Optional -
Center Jet > 7 7/8" only J Optional Optional
Shirttail Hardfacing M Standard Standard
Stabilization Inserts R Optional Optional
Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts
S Optional Optional
V-Jet Hydraulics VStandard on <IADC 537
Optional
Diamond Enhanced Shirttail
Z Optional Optional
Diamond Feature Enchanced Nomenclature TCI Bits Steel Tooth
Bits
33% Back Row D • •
50% Back Row D1 • •
66% Back Row D2 • •
100% Back Row D3 • •
33% Back Row + 100% Gage DD •
50% Back Row + 100% Gage D1D •
66% Back Row + 100% Gage D2D •
100% Back Row + 100% Gage D3D •
Full Diamond Structure D3DD •
Diamond Leading Edge Shirttail Z • •
15
Shirttail Protection
Shirttail Hardfacing —M Feature
Leading Edge and Hardfacing —S Feature
Stabilization and Hardfacing —R Feature
Diamond Enhanced and Hardfacing — Z Feature
To enhance gage holding and seal protection, Varel roller cone bits provide value with a variety of shirttail protection packages for high-angle drilling, abrasive formations and steerable applications . These shirttail protection packages can be used to tailor bits to meet your drilling needs .
› Shirttail Hardfacing (M Feature)
For demanding motor applications, a generous application of tungsten carbide hardfacing is applied to the shirttail lower edge and leading edge of the bit leg to provide enhanced seal protection .
› Leading Edge Shirttail Inserts (S Feature)
Tungsten carbide inserts are placed along the leading edge of the shirttail providing additional wear resistance in motor applications commanding high RPM or where additional shirttail protection is needed .
› Stabilization Inserts (R Feature)
Stabilization inserts enhance standard shirttail patterns by providing bit stabilization and additional protection to the pressure compensator in high-angle applications or in deviation-prone formations .
› Diamond Enhanced Shirttail Inserts (Z Feature)
In Varel’s premium shirttail protection package PCD-capped inserts replace tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) in strategic locations to provide maximum shirttail protection in abrasive formations or directional applications .
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› Diamond Enhanced Back Row (D Feature)
Carbide, back-row inserts are replaced with polycrystalline diamond (PCD)-capped inserts to increase gage holding in abrasive applications .
› Diamond Enhanced Gage and Back Row (DD Feature)
Back row and all gage inserts utilize PCD-capped inserts to maximize gage holding .
› Fully Diamond Enhanced Cutting Structure (D3DD Feature)
All inserts are PCD-capped to extend bit life in the most extreme drilling conditions . The premium D3DD package features a fully PCD-clad cutting structure providing excellent wear resistance in the harshest environments .
› Tungsten Carbide Coated Cones (E Feature)
All exposed portions of the TCI cones are coated with tungsten carbide to provide maximum resistance in applications where cone shell erosion limits bit life .
› Steel Center Air Jet Nozzle (H Feature)
Air type bits offer an optional center air jet nozzle featuring three additional ports for enhanced cutting structure and enhanced hole cleaning . (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger)
› Center Jet Nozzle (J Feature)
A fourth interchangeable jet is installed in the center of the bit to reduce bit balling or provide extra flow capacity . (Available only in 7 7/8" bits and larger)
› V-Jet Hydraulics (V Feature)
The V-Jet aimed flow stream produces better cone cleaning, which improves bit penetration rates . In addition to new head forgings, the new designs maximize leg strength while minimizing overall bit length, helping to deliver more hydraulic horsepower to the hole bottom .
Premium Options
Impact Strength Testing
2 3 4 5
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Dro
p Im
pact
Sur
viva
l Rat
e
Drop Height
Drop Height
2345
Survival Rate HET
100%100%100%40%
Survival Rate Non HET
33%0%0%0%
Non HETHET
17
High Energy Tumbled (HET)
Patented High Energy Tumbled (HET) cutting performance
This proprietary process for improving the attributes of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) overcomes the traditional trade-off between wear resistance and fracture toughness of tungsten carbide components and actually makes TCI components both harder and tougher . The HET process constitutes one more quality assurance step in the manufacturing of tungsten carbide inserts . We manufacture the inserts used in our products and control all of the HET processing and inspection of inserts .
Static Bending Strength
Non HETHET
210%
Incr
ease
High Energy Tumbled (HET) Tungsten Carbide
› Patented process
› Proven to increase insert toughness
› Results in greater overall penetration rates
› Reduced drilling costs
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Roller Cone Reference Tables Bit Connections, Total Flow AreaBit Diameter Tolerances
Roller Cone Bit Diameter TolerancesSize of Bit Tolerance
in. in. mm
13 3/8 and smaller + 1/32 - 0 + 0 .80 - 0
13 25/32 to 17 1/2, inclusive + 1/16 - 0 + 1 .59 - 0
17 17/32 and larger + 3/32 - 0 + 2 .38 - 0
Roller Cone Bit Connection SizesSize of Bit
in.Size and Style of
Rotary Pin Connection
2 7/8 to 3 3/8 inclusive 4 Thread N Rod
3 1/2 to 4 1/2 inclusive 2 3/8 API REG
4 5/8 to 5 inclusive 2 7/8 API REG
5 1/8 to 7 3/8 inclusive 3 1/2 API REG
7 1/2 to 9 3/8 inclusive 4 1/2 API REG
9 1/2 to 14 3/8 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG
14 1/2 to 18 1/2 inclusive 6 5/8 API REG or 7 5/8 API REG
18 5/8 to 26 inclusive 7 5/8 API REG or 8 5/8 API REG
27 and larger 8 5/8 API REG
Total Flow Area (TFA) Table
Nozzle Size
Nozzle Flow Area (square inches)
1 Nozzle
2 Nozzles
3 Nozzles
4 Nozzles
7/32 0 .0376 0 .0752 0 .1127 0 .1503
8/32 0 .0491 0 .0982 0 .1473 0 .1963
9/32 0 .0621 0 .1243 0 .1864 0 .2485
10/32 0 .0767 0 .1534 0 .2301 0 .3068
11/32 0 .0928 0 .1856 0 .2784 0 .3712
12/32 0 .1104 0 .2209 0 .3313 0 .4418
13/32 0 .1296 0 .2592 0 .3889 0 .5185
14/32 0 .1503 0 .3007 0 .4510 0 .6013
15/32 0 .1726 0 .3451 0 .5177 0 .6903
16/32 0 .1963 0 .3927 0 .5890 0 .7854
17/32 0 .2217 0 .4433 0 .6650 0 .8866
18/32 0 .2485 0 .4970 0 .7455 0 .9940
19/32 0 .2769 0 .5538 0 .8307 1 .1075
20/32 0 .3068 0 .6136 0 .9204 1 .2272
21/32 0 .3382 0 .6765 1 .0147 1 .3530
22/32 0 .3712 0 .7424 1 .1137 1 .4849
24/32 0 .4418 0 .8836 1 .3254 1 .7671
26/32 0 .5185 1 .0370 1 .5555 2 .0739
28/32 0 .6013 1 .2026 1 .8040 2 .4053
30/32 0 .6904 1 .3808 2 .0711 2 .7615
32/32 0 .7855 1 .5710 2 .3565 3 .1420
Note: Some bit types are available with alternate connection sizes by special order .
The gage diameter of the cutting edge of the bits shall conform to the size designation within the following tolerances:
© American Petroleum Institute
Center Jet Nozzle Size & AvailabilityBit Size Range
Bearing TypeCenter Jet Nozzles
in. mm Part No. Available Sizes
7 7/8 - 9 7/8 200 .0 - 250 .9 ALL 32477 8 thru 16
10 5/8 - 28 269 .9 - 711 .2 ALL 12400 8 thru 16, 18, 20
19
Roller Cone Reference TablesMakeup Torque TableNozzle Table
Recommended Roller Cone Makeup TorqueAPI Pin Size Recommended Torque
in. ft - lbs N - m
2 3/8 Reg . 3,000 - 3,500 4,100 - 4,800
2 7/8 Reg . 4,500 - 5,500 6,100 - 7,500
3 1/2 Reg . 7,000 - 9,000 9,500 - 12,200
4 1/2 Reg . 12,000 - 16,000 16,000 - 22,000
6 5/8 Reg . 28,000 - 32,000 38,000 - 43,000
7 5/8 Reg . 34,000 - 40,000 46,000 - 54,000
8 5/8 Reg . 40,000 - 60,000 54,000 - 81,000
Nozzle Size & AvailabilityBit Size Range
Bearing TypeStandard Nozzles Mini-Extended Nozzles
in. mm Part No. Available Sizes Part No. Available Sizes
3 7/8 - 4 1/2 98 .5 - 114 .3 SEALED 15669 8 thru 16, 18 - -
4 5/8 - 6 117 .4 - 152 .4 SEALED 5940 8 thru 16, 18, 20 - -
6 1/8 - 6 3/4 155 .6 - 171 .5 SEALED 17536 8 thru 16, 18, 20 - -
7 1/2 - 7 7/8 190 .5 - 200 .0SEALED 5941
8 thru 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 2812102 9 thru 16, 18, 20
9 7/8 250 .9
8 1/4 - 9 7/8, 11,
12
209 .6 - 250 .9,
279 .4, 304 .8SEALED
67038 thru 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 2812278
9 thru 16, 18,
20, 2212 1/4 - 15 1/2 311 .2 - 393 .7 ALL
16 - 28
44
406 .4 - 711 .2
1117 .6ALL 10735
9 thru 20, 22, 24,
26, 28, 30, 3217597
12 thru 16, 18,
20, 22, 24, 28
Makeup torque is for pin size only, not bit diameter .
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Bit Shipping Weights
Roller Cone Bit Shipping WeightsTCI Steel Tooth
Bit Diameter Approximate Weight Approximate Weight
in. mmRegular
lbs. kg
Jet
lbs. kg
Regular
lbs. kg
Jet
lbs. kg
2 7/8 - 2 15/16 73 .0 - 74 .6 4 .5 2
2 15/16 - 3 74 .6 - 76 .2 9 4
3 1/8 - 3 1/4 79 .3 - 82 .5 4 .5 2
3 1/2 88 .9 9 4
3 1/2 - 3 3/4 88 .9 - 95 .2 9 4
3 7/8 98 .4 10 5
3 7/8 - 4 1/8 98 .4 - 104 .7 9 4
4 101 .6 15 7
4 1/8 104 .7 15 7
4 1/4 107 .9 11 5
4 1/2 114 .3 11 5 12 5
4 5/8 117 .4 12 5
4 3/4 120 .6 20 9 16 7 21 10
4 7/8 - 5 123 .8 - 127 .0 16 7
5 1/8 130 .1 20 9
5 1/8 - 5 1/2 130 .1 - 139 .7 17 8
5 1/4 133 .1 36 17 20 9
5 5/8 142 .8 36 17 27 12
5 5/8 - 5 7/8 142 .8 - 149 .2 25 12
5 3/4 146 .0 27 12
5 7/8 149 .2 38 17 27 12
6 152 .4 38 17 36 16 27 12 33 15
6 1/8 155 .5 38 17 36 16 27 12 33 15
6 1/4 158 .7 42 19 30 14 37 17
6 1/2 - 6 5/8 165 .1 - 168 .3 42 19 32 15
6 3/4 171 .4 46 21 33 15 46 21
7 3/8 187 .3 41 19
7 5/8 193 .6 67 30 70 32
7 7/8 200 .0 81 37 67 30 71 33
8 3/8 212 .7 83 38
8 1/2 215 .9 93 42 92 42 86 39
8 3/4 222 .2 101 46 92 42 86 39
9 5/8 244 .4 116 53
9 7/8 250 .8 137 62 116 53 133 60
10 5/8 269 .8 190 86 131 60
11 279 .4 190 86 140 64
12 304 .8 210 95 180 82
12 1/4 311 .1 228 105 180 82 213 97
13 3/4 349 .2 275 125 253 115
14 3/4 - 15 374 .6 - 381 .0 336 152 345 157
16 406 .4 580 264 442 192
17 1/2 444 .5 621 282 450 204 505 229
20 508 .0 647 294
22 558 .8 891 404
24 609 .6 1125 510
26 660 .4 1625 737 1411 640
28 711 .2 1300 590
36 914 .4 4219 1914
Roller Cone Reference Tables
21
API Casing Dimensions and Bit DiametersDimensions Bit Size
Size OD in.
Weight Per Foot
Nominal lbs.
Wall Thickness
in.
Nominal Inside
Diameter in.
Casing Coupling OD in.
API Drift Diameter in.
Recommended Bit Size Diameter
in. mm
4 1/2
9 .50 .205 4 .090 5 .000 3 .965 3 7/8 98 .410 .50 .224 4 .052 5 .000 3 .927 3 7/8 98 .411 .60 .250 4 .000 5 .000 3 .875 3 7/8 98 .413 .50 .290 3 .920 5 .000 3 .795 3 3/4 95 .2
5
11 .50 .220 4 .560 5 .563 4 .435 41/4 107 .913 .00 .253 4 .494 5 .563 4 .369 41/4 107 .915 .00 .296 4 .408 5 .563 4 .283 41/4 107 .918 .00 .362 4 .276 5 .563 4 .151 4 1/8 104 .8
5 1/2
14 .00 .244 5 .012 6 .050 4 .887 4 7/8 123 .815 .50 .275 4 .950 6 .050 4 .825 4/34 120 .717 .00 .304 4 .892 6 .050 4 .767 4/34 120 .720 .00 .361 4 .778 6 .050 4 .653 4 5/8 117 .523 .00 .415 4 .670 6 .050 4 .545 4 1/2 114 .3
6 5/8
20 .00 .288 6 .049 7 .390 5 .924 5 7/8 149 .224 .00 .352 5 .921 7 .390 5 .796 5 3/4 146 .128 .00 .417 5 .791 7 .390 5 .666 5 5/8 142 .832 .00 .475 5 .675 7 .390 5 .550 5 1/4 133 .4
7
17 .00 .231 6 .538 7 .656 6 .413 6 1/4 158 .720 .00 .272 6 .456 7 .656 6 .331 6 1/4 158 .723 .00 .317 6 .366 7 .656 6 .241 6 1/4 158 .726 .00 .362 6 .276 7 .656 6 .151 6 1/8 155 .529 .00 .408 6 .184 7 .656 6 .059 6 152 .432 .00 .453 6 .094 7 .656 5 .969 5 7/8 149 .235 .00 .498 6 .004 7 .656 5 .879 5 7/8 149 .238 .00 .540 5 .920 7 .656 5 .795 5 3/4 146 .1
7 5/8
24 .00 .300 7 .025 8 .500 6 .900 6 3/4 171 .426 .20 .328 6 .969 8 .500 6 .844 6 3/4 171 .429 .70 .375 6 .875 8 .500 6 .750 6 3/4 171 .433 .70 .430 6 .765 8 .500 6 .640 6 1/2 165 .139 .00 .500 6 .625 8 .500 6 .500 6 1/2 165 .1
8 5/8
24 .00 .264 8 .097 9 .625 7 .972 7 7/8 200 .028 .00 .304 8 .017 9 .625 7 .892 7 7/8 200 .032 .00 .352 7 .921 9 .625 7 .796 7 5/8 193 .736 .00 .400 7 .825 9 .625 7 .700 7 5/8 193 .740 .00 .450 7 .725 9 .625 7 .600 6 3/4 171 .444 .00 .500 7 .625 9 .625 7 .500 6 3/4 171 .449 .00 .557 7 .511 9 .625 7 .386 6 3/4 171 .4
9 5/8
32 .30 .32 9 .001 10 .635 8 .845 8 3/4 222 .236 .00 .352 8 .921 10 .635 8 .756 8 3/4 222 .240 .00 .395 8 .835 10 .635 8 .697 8 1/2 215 .943 .50 .435 8 .755 10 .635 8 .599 8 1/2 215 .947 .00 .472 8 .681 10 .635 8 .525 8 1/2 215 .953 .50 .545 8 .535 10 .635 8 .397 8 3/8 212 .7
10 3/4
32 .75 .279 10 .192 11 .750 10 .036 9 7/8 250 .840 .50 .350 10 .050 11 .750 9 .894 9 7/8 250 .845 .50 .400 9 .950 11 .750 9 .794 9 5/8 244 .551 .00 .450 9 .850 11 .750 9 .694 9 5/8 244 .555 .50 .495 9 .760 11 .750 9 .604 9 1/2 241 .360 .70 .545 9 .660 11 .750 9 .504 9 1/2 241 .365 .70 .595 9 .560 11 .750 9 .404 9 228 .6
11 3/4
42 .00 .333 11 .084 12 .750 10 .928 10 5/8 269 .947 .00 .375 11 .000 12 .750 10 .844 10 5/8 269 .954 .00 .435 10 .880 12 .750 10 .724 10 5/8 269 .960 .00 .489 10 .772 12 .750 10 .616 9 7/8 250 .8
13 3/8
48 .00 .330 12 .715 14 .375 12 .559 12 1/4 311 .154 .50 .380 12 .615 14 .375 12 .459 12 1/4 311 .161 .00 .430 12 .515 14 .375 12 .359 12 1/4 311 .168 .00 .480 12 .415 14 .375 12 .259 12 1/4 311 .172 .00 .514 12 .347 14 .375 12 .191 12 304 .8
1665 .00 .375 15 .250 17 .000 15 .062 14 3/4 374 .675 .00 .438 15 .125 17 .000 14 .936 14 3/4 374 .684 .00 .495 15 .010 17 .000 14 .822 14 3/4 374 .6
18 5/8 87 .50 .435 17 .756 20 .000 17 .567 17 1/2 444 .5
2094 .00 .438 19 .124 21 .000 18 .936 17 1/2 444 .5
106 .50 .500 19 .000 21 .000 18 .812 17 1/2 444 .5133 .00 .635 18 .730 21 .000 18 .542 17 1/2 444 .5
8
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