Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour
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Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 1/18OCEANS'2012
Arnaud Van De CasteeleMines ParisTech – CRC
Using Spatial Ontologies Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal for Detecting Abnormal
Maritime BehaviourMaritime Behaviour
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 2/18
Background & Research problemMaritime Domain Background Maritime Domain AwarenessResearch issues
Spatial OntologiesWhat is an ontology ?Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Prototype & examplesPrototype architectureExamples of abnormal vessel behaviour
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 3/18
MSC Napoli janvier 2007 (storm)Limburg oct 2002 (terrorism)
Hebei Spirit Dec 2007 (collision) Ponant Avril 2008 (piracy)
Source : ICC International Maritime Bureau
Economic 90% of world trade is transported by sea In EU 90% of oil and gas are transported by sea
Illegal Fishing Only 6% of illegal fishing frauds are detected 88% of fishing stocks in the EU are overexploited
Pollution 30 000 illegal oil spills are estimated every year (EU)
Illegal immigration 55% of illegal border crossing immigration is done by sea (EU) 3000 illegal ''know'' immigrants lost their life at sea every year
Context
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 4/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues
There might be a
better way
to visualize and analyze so much
information
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 5/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
Maritime Domain Background > Maritime Domain Awareness Research Issues
ScanmarisTamarisSismaris : sismaris.orgI2C : i2c.eu
F. Jangal, M. Giraud, A. Littaye, M. Morel, J-P. Mano, A. Napoli, ISAP'08 -Taïwan, Extraction of Suspicious Behavior of Vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone (2008)
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 6/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
Maritime Domain Background Maritime Domain Awareness > Research Issues
Center for research onRisks andCrisis
Geo-Geo-collaborationcollaboration
Spatial Spatial OLAPOLAP
Spatial Data Spatial Data MiningMining
MaritimeMaritimeSurveillanceSurveillance
SystemSystem
ModellingModellingand and
SimulationSimulation
VisualizationVisualizationandand
InterfaceInterface
StorageStorageandand
restitutionrestitution
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 7/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> What is an Ontology Abnormal Vessel behavior ontology
What does the vessel notion really means ?
Navire
Pétrolier
Tanker
Vessel
BoatSuper-Tanker
ناقلة
油船
탱커petrolero
« People can't share knowledge if they don't speak a common language » Thomas Davenport
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 8/18
Source : Ontology Dimension Map; Ontology Summit 2007
« An ontology is a formal explicit specification of a shared conceptualization »
Studer, 1998
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> What is an Ontology Abnormal vessel behaviour ontology
Your answer is based ona shared ontology
Knowledge Knowledge Automatic
Formal
RepresentationSharing and reuseReasoningvocabulary
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 9/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
Ontological infrastructure for maritime management
Yan, 2008
MaritimeManagement
Geometric Trajctory Ontology
Trajectory
Spatio-Temporal
Temporal Spatial
Spatial Relations
Geography Ontology
Network Relations
Topography
CountryApplication Domain
Ontology
Illegal Activities
Port State Control
Maritime Law
What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 10/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Geometric Trajectory Ontology
Move
Stop
Interval
Time
Duration
Trajectory
trajIsCompOfStopfromStop
toStopinMove
outMove
stopHasTime isa hasDuration
Baglioni, 2008
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 11/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Geography Trajectory Ontology
Wind
Waves
Context
has
highWind LowWind
isCloseTo
Country
War Country
SmugglingCountry
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 12/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Application Domain Ontology
> How can we use spatial knowledge of maritime experts ?
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 13/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> Prototype architecture Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Ontology DrivenGIS
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 14/18
Vessel(?vessel), OP_Vessel_hasVesselType(?vessel, ?vesselType), DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vessel, ?speedVessel), DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vesselType, ?speedTypeVessel), greaterThan(?speedTypeVessel, ?speedVessel) ->OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Speed_HighSpeed)
If a type of vessel has a speed above X then rise alert :
Vessel(?vessel), DP_Vessel_hasPosition(?vessel, ?position),DP_Analysis_DataPath(Alert_Area_Restricted, ?geoData), intersects(?geoData, ?position) -> OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Area_Restricted)
If a vessel enters in a restricted area then rise alert :
Example of rules detection
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
> Prototype architecture Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 15/18
Alert age of shipAlert age of ship
Alert Area RestrictedAlert Area Restricted
Alert SpeedAlert Speed
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Identification of abnormal vessel behaviour
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 16/18
Background & research problem Spatial Trajectory Ontology Prototype & examples
Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Map Visualization
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 17/18
Conclusion
Evolution of the maritime threat needs new Sea border surveilance system
We need maritime expert to design this system
Ontologies can be used to model the expert knowledge
Ontologies and spatial ontologies can be used to analyze abnormal vessel behaviour
Using Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime BehaviourUsing Spatial Ontologies for Detecting Abnormal Maritime Behaviour 18/18
Questions ?
Arnaud Van De Casteelearnaud {dot} van_de_casteele {at} mines-paristech {dot} fr
A. Van De Casteele, A. Napoli, M. Morel, Apport du géodécisionnel et de la géocollaboration aux nouveaux systèmes de surveillance maritime, Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)
Idiri, B., Extraction de connaissances dans un système géodécisionnel dédié à la surveillance maritime, Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)
Chaze X, X., Bouejla A., Napoli A., Guarnieri F., Eude T., Alhadef B.,The contribution of bayesian networks to manage risks of maritime piracy against oil offshore fieldsConférence DASFAA 2012 (Corea)
CRC - Recents publications and conferences
Mines ParisTechCentre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC)
Rue Claude Daunesse, BP 20706904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex - FranceTél : + 33(0)4.93.95.75.77
http://www.i2c.eu
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