Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2 Author: ESRI Subject: 2008 ESRI Federal User Conference -- Workshop Keywords: 2008 ESRI
Post on 26-Feb-2021
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Using Cartographic Representations
in ArcGIS 9.2
Natalie VinesInstructor
Using cartographic Using cartographic representations representations -- OverviewOverview
1.1. Introducing cartographic representations Introducing cartographic representations –– Why do I need them?Why do I need them?–– How are they stored and maintained?How are they stored and maintained?
2.2. Working with representations Working with representations –– How do I symbolize my data with them?How do I symbolize my data with them?
3.3. Editing representations Editing representations –– How do I modify individual symbols?How do I modify individual symbols?
4.4. Using geoprocessing with representations Using geoprocessing with representations –– Managing representationsManaging representations–– refining symbologyrefining symbology
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1.1. Introducing cartographic representationsIntroducing cartographic representations
What is representation in What is representation in ArcGIS 9.2?ArcGIS 9.2?
An intelligent way to symbolize featuresAn intelligent way to symbolize featuresA solution to some common cartographic A solution to some common cartographic challenges that required workarounds in the challenges that required workarounds in the past past A storage model that stores symbol A storage model that stores symbol information in the geodatabase for reinformation in the geodatabase for re--use and use and sharingsharing
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What are representations?What are representations?
Representations are:Representations are:––properties of a feature classproperties of a feature class––stored in the geodatabasestored in the geodatabase––managed through a layer managed through a layer ––sometimes called sometimes called feature class representationsfeature class representations
Representations are NOT:Representations are NOT:––a new data typea new data type––a new layer typea new layer type
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Why should I use Why should I use representations?representations?
To produce a better mapTo produce a better mapTo meet exacting cartographic specificationsTo meet exacting cartographic specificationsTo generate multiple cartographic products from To generate multiple cartographic products from a single set of master feature classes a single set of master feature classes To make a clear, unambiguous, and elegant mapTo make a clear, unambiguous, and elegant mapTo reduce the time spent on manual adjustmentTo reduce the time spent on manual adjustmentTo avoid To avoid ‘‘bailing outbailing out’’ of GIS in favor of a graphics of GIS in favor of a graphics package to refine cartographic displaypackage to refine cartographic display
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How are representations stored?How are representations stored?
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Feature Class
Shape Field1 Field2 Field3 RuleID1 Override1
Representation1
Inside the geodatabaseInside the geodatabase
RulesOverrides
for exceptionsExplicitFields
RuleID2 Override2
Representation2
How are rules stored?How are rules stored?
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Feature Class Extensions table
Shape Field1 Field2 Field3
•• In the feature class extensions tableIn the feature class extensions table
Feature table
Class RulesRules
RuleID Override
When would I not use When would I not use representations?representations?
When standard symbology is sufficientWhen standard symbology is sufficientWhen data and map are still in progressWhen data and map are still in progressWhen I only have an ArcView licenseWhen I only have an ArcView licenseWhen I want to web publish it using When I want to web publish it using ArcIMS (AXL)ArcIMS (AXL)
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Representation licensing: Representation licensing: DesktopDesktop
ArcGIS Desktop Extensions
Capability
ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView ArcReader 3D Analyst (ArcGlobe/ArcScene)
View / Print Representations
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Define Representation Rules
Yes Yes No No No
Edit Representations (Overrides)
Yes Yes No No No
Create/Delete FC Representations
Yes Yes No No No
Representation GP Tools
Yes No No No No
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Representation licensing: Representation licensing: Server/Engine/MobileServer/Engine/Mobile
Server Embedded Mobile
Capability
ArcIMS ArcIMSArcMapServer
ArcGISServer
ArcGISEngineRuntime
Engine RT +
GDB Update
Extension
ArcPad
View / Print Representations
No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Define Representation Rules
No Yes No Yes No
EditRepresentations(Overrides)
No Yes No Yes No
Create/Delete FC Representations
No Yes No Yes No
Representation GP Tools
No Yes No No No
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2.2. Working with representationsWorking with representations
What can representations do?What can representations do?
Representations are an advanced way to Representations are an advanced way to symbolizesymbolizefeatures cartographically according to rulesfeatures cartographically according to rules
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Data courtesy of Gobierno de la Rioja Data courtesy of Gobierno de la Rioja
What can representations do?What can representations do?
Representations can draw features Representations can draw features differentlydifferently from from their spatial geometrytheir spatial geometry
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Rivers are drawn smooth Rivers are drawn smooth although geometry is jaggedalthough geometry is jagged
What can representations do?What can representations do?
Representations can be Representations can be datadata--drivendriven to tailor symbols to tailor symbols to featuresto features
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The size of the casing and fill The size of the casing and fill is driven by attributesis driven by attributes
Streets are drawn with Streets are drawn with a single symbola single symbol
What can representations do?What can representations do?Feature classes can support Feature classes can support multiple representationsmultiple representations to display to display features differently on different maps without creating additiofeatures differently on different maps without creating additional nal filesfiles
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The same data represented two waysThe same data represented two waysBoth versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or laBoth versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or layersyers
What can representations do?What can representations do?
Representations can be customized for individual Representations can be customized for individual features by features by overriding propertiesoverriding properties of the representation of the representation rule to improve displayrule to improve display
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Symbols are offset from their Symbols are offset from their spatial location to avoid conflictsspatial location to avoid conflicts
The rule for one park is The rule for one park is changed to not draw trees changed to not draw trees
near the park edgesnear the park edges
What can representations do?What can representations do?
Making maps with representations can be Making maps with representations can be automatedautomatedusing geoprocessing using geoprocessing
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Buildings oriented to the Buildings oriented to the nearest linear symbolnearest linear symbol
Bridges created at intersections Bridges created at intersections and rivers automatically maskedand rivers automatically masked
Representation rulesRepresentation rulesA representation is a collection of A representation is a collection of representation rulesrepresentation rules––Convert existing symbology to rulesConvert existing symbology to rules––Build new representation rulesBuild new representation rules
Rules create and symbolize dynamic geometry Rules create and symbolize dynamic geometry independent of spatial geometryindependent of spatial geometry
Rules can be managed in ArcCatalog or ArcMapRules can be managed in ArcCatalog or ArcMap
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Representation rule propertiesRepresentation rule propertiesSymbol layersSymbol layers–– MarkerMarker–– StrokeStroke–– FillFill
Geometric effectsGeometric effects–– Dynamically alter Dynamically alter
display geometrydisplay geometry
Marker placement Marker placement stylesstyles–– Place representation Place representation
markers relative to markers relative to input geometryinput geometry
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Representation rules Representation rule properties
Rule properties can be mapped Rule properties can be mapped to fieldsto fields
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Geometric effectsGeometric effectsCan dynamically change the Can dynamically change the feature geometry before the feature geometry before the symbols are appliedsymbols are appliedProcess the geometry of all Process the geometry of all symbol layers, or just one symbol layers, or just one Can convert from one geometry Can convert from one geometry type to anothertype to anotherCan work sequentially; the result Can work sequentially; the result of one effect becomes the input to of one effect becomes the input to the next in a chainthe next in a chainCan be extensible: write your own Can be extensible: write your own
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Sample geometric effectsSample geometric effects
Donut effectDonut effecton stateson states
BeforeBefore
AfterAfter
Simplify effect on grovesSimplify effect on groves
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Bear Control Area
No effects
Simplify and Dashes effects
Marker Placement stylesMarker Placement stylesPosition markersPosition markers––Along lines and polygon Along lines and polygon
outlinesoutlines––Within polygonsWithin polygons–– In relation to pointsIn relation to points
Can be extensible: write your Can be extensible: write your own own
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Markers spaced evenly Markers spaced evenly inside polygon featureinside polygon feature
Markers spaced Markers spaced evenly along lineevenly along line
Markers offset fromMarkers offset fromfeature coordinatesfeature coordinates
Representation markersRepresentation markers
Representation markers symbolize:Representation markers symbolize:––point representation geometrypoint representation geometry––significant locations in line or polygon significant locations in line or polygon
representationsrepresentationsas defined byas defined by representation control pointsrepresentation control points orormarker placement stylesmarker placement styles
Representation markers can be created and Representation markers can be created and modified using themodified using the Marker EditorMarker EditorRepresentation markers can be stored in a Representation markers can be stored in a style, then managed using the Style Managerstyle, then managed using the Style Manager
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The Marker EditorThe Marker Editor
Interact with all elements of a representation markerInteract with all elements of a representation marker
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Demonstration:Demonstration:Working with representationsWorking with representations
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3.3. Editing representationsEditing representations
What is a representation What is a representation override?override?
Overrides are exceptions to the rulesOverrides are exceptions to the rulesOverrides are made while editingOverrides are made while editingProperty overridesProperty overrides––Symbol layer propertiesSymbol layer properties––Geometric effect propertiesGeometric effect properties––Marker placement style propertiesMarker placement style properties
Geometry overridesGeometry overrides––Change the shape or position of the feature Change the shape or position of the feature
representation independently of the featurerepresentation independently of the feature’’s s geometrygeometry
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How do you edit How do you edit representations?representations?The representation rule The representation rule properties of individual features properties of individual features can be modified in an edit can be modified in an edit sessionsession–– update rule properties by typing update rule properties by typing
new values new values –– or, interactively with the or, interactively with the
representation editing tools representation editing tools
each modification becomes an each modification becomes an overrideoverride to the representation to the representation rulerule–– shown with a paintbrush iconshown with a paintbrush icon
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Overriding representation Overriding representation geometrygeometry
Geometry can be edited using the tools on the Representation Geometry can be edited using the tools on the Representation toolbartoolbarStores an override copy of geometry in the Override field, Stores an override copy of geometry in the Override field, …… or (unusual) modifies feature geometry in Shape fieldor (unusual) modifies feature geometry in Shape field–– Only makes sense for specific data model and workflowOnly makes sense for specific data model and workflow–– This setting is a property of the representation; it is set whenThis setting is a property of the representation; it is set when
the feature class representation is createdthe feature class representation is created
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Overriding representation Overriding representation geometrygeometry
Edit representation geometry without affecting feature geometry
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Default database placementDefault database placement Representation geometry Representation geometry moved to resolve conflictmoved to resolve conflict(geometry override)(geometry override)
More symbol control: free More symbol control: free representationsrepresentations
If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical need for a unique feature, use a free representation to need for a unique feature, use a free representation to symbolizesymbolizeA A free representationfree representation is a full overrideis a full override–– It has an independent rule that can be restructuredIt has an independent rule that can be restructured–– The rule itself can be changed, not just the propertiesThe rule itself can be changed, not just the properties–– The dynamic graphics created by the rule can be captured, The dynamic graphics created by the rule can be captured,
stored, and modifiedstored, and modified–– New geometry elements can be added to the feature; they will New geometry elements can be added to the feature; they will
be recognized only by the free representationbe recognized only by the free representation
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Free representationsFree representations
If the data model doesn't accommodate If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical need for a unique feature, the graphical need for a unique feature, use a free representation to symbolizeuse a free representation to symbolize
Unique representation for a featureUnique representation for a feature–– For complete control over feature displayFor complete control over feature display–– Disengages feature from ruleDisengages feature from rule–– Independent copy of the rule in theIndependent copy of the rule in the
Override fieldOverride field–– Structure of the rule can changeStructure of the rule can change–– Try more complex rules and overrides firstTry more complex rules and overrides first
D
Representation following a ruleRepresentation following a rule
Free representationFree representation
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Free representationsFree representations
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Automated rule Override Grid Angle and Offset properties
Edited free representation
3.3. Editing representationsEditing representationsWhen to edit representations?When to edit representations?
Only edit/override once rules are rightOnly edit/override once rules are right––Decide which layers in the map could be improved Decide which layers in the map could be improved
with more control over the symbolswith more control over the symbols––Convert the existing symbology of those layers to Convert the existing symbology of those layers to
feature class representationsfeature class representations––Adjust the representation rules to refine the Adjust the representation rules to refine the
depictiondepiction––Map properties to fields to customizeMap properties to fields to customize
Now do editsNow do edits––Override as necessaryOverride as necessary––Create free representations as a last resortCreate free representations as a last resort
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Demonstration:Demonstration:Editing representationsEditing representations
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4.4. Processing representationsProcessing representations
Geoprocessing tools for Geoprocessing tools for representationsrepresentations
In ArcGIS 9.2, ArcToolbox has three new toolsets in In ArcGIS 9.2, ArcToolbox has three new toolsets in the Cartography the Cartography toolbox:toolbox:–– Graphic QualityGraphic Quality–– Representation ManagementRepresentation Management–– Symbolization RefinementSymbolization Refinement
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Graphic Quality toolsetGraphic Quality toolset
Detect Graphic Conflict toolDetect Graphic Conflict tool––Finds areas where representation Finds areas where representation symbology symbology
overlapsoverlaps, even if data does not, even if data does not
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Representation Management Representation Management toolsettoolset
Select Feature by Override toolSelect Feature by Override tool–– Select features that have property overrides, shape overrides, Select features that have property overrides, shape overrides,
or bothor both
Update Override toolUpdate Override tool–– Moves overrides from the Override field into the explicit fieldsMoves overrides from the Override field into the explicit fields
as defined by the representation ruleas defined by the representation rule
Plus lots more:Plus lots more:–– Create RepresentationCreate Representation–– Drop RepresentationDrop Representation–– Remove OverrideRemove Override–– ……
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Symbolization Refinement toolsetSymbolization Refinement toolset
Calculate Polygon Main Angle Calculate Polygon Main Angle tooltool––Finds dominant direction of a Finds dominant direction of a
polygonpolygon
Create Overpass toolCreate Overpass tool––Creates overpass masks and Creates overpass masks and
builds parapetsbuilds parapets
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ModelBuilderModelBuilderGood for automationGood for automation
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Demonstration:Demonstration:Processing representationsProcessing representations
ESRI Cartography Resources:ESRI Cartography Resources:Educational ServicesEducational Services
Training: :Training: : http://training.esri.com
–– Two day course: Managing Cartographic Data in the GeodatabaseTwo day course: Managing Cartographic Data in the Geodatabase
–– Free podcasts: Free podcasts: Best Practices: Working with Cartographic Representations Best Practices: Working with Cartographic Representations Planning Your Geodatabase for Cartography with ArcGIS 9.2 Planning Your Geodatabase for Cartography with ArcGIS 9.2 Using Geoprocessing Tools for Cartographic Representations Using Geoprocessing Tools for Cartographic Representations
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ESRI Cartography Resources:ESRI Cartography Resources:On the Internet On the Internet
ESRI Mapping Center: http://mappingcenter.esri.com/
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Thank you
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