Use these! o Make sure to change this on student note sheet as well o Ask a Question o Observations & Background Research o Construct a Hypothesis o Test.
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Use these!
Make sure to change this on student note sheet as well Ask a Question Observations & Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis (Experiment or Gather Data) Analyze Your Data & Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results
Improvements
Need better examples of use of scientific method. Especially observations
More examples of flawed experiments and why constants are needed (why they must be kept constant for valid experiment)
Identify what went wrong or what happened in experiments
Identify what happened in graphs Get a real case of the placebo effect happening
Today you are going to…
listen as I explain the classroom rules & consequences & begin learning your names
So you can…
understand what’s expected of you in this class.
You’ll know you’ve got it when you can Recite the rules & consequences
Bell Ringer 8/27/13 – 4 minGet a sheet of notebook paper and format it as seen
to the left of this screen.
C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE
1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.
Today you are going to…
listen as I explain the course content, policies, & procedures
receive (books) & notebooks
review the class website
So you can…
understand what’s expected of you in this class
have the materials needed for the class
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can follow the procedures
have a notebook & book
can access the website
Bell Ringer 8/28/13
1. Where is Mr. Shuster in the morning?
2. Where do you look to see what you missed while you were absent?
3. If you have an unexcused absence, you earn a ________ for all work done/due that day.
ScheduleMonday 8/26
Introductions & Rules
Tuesday Syllabus, Procedures, Notebooks, & Sci Method
Wednesday
Books, Mystery Bag, Sci Method Notes
ThursdayLycopodium Demo, Sci Method Project, Sci. Meth Notes
FridayQuiz,
Today you are going to…
take notes on the scientific method & complete a mystery bag activity
So you can…
understand the scientific method
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.
The Scientific Method
When scientists make observations about the natural world, they are often presented with a question or problem. To solve the problem scientists follow a series of steps called the:
Scientific Method!!
Scientific method – series of steps scientists use to investigate problems
The 6 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. State the problem (Ask a question)
2. Make observations
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis (experiment)
5. Draw conclusions
6. Communicate the results
Today you are going to…
see an awesome demo & take notes on the scientific method
So you can…
understand the scientific method
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
can list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.
1. State the problem (ask the question)
Usually in form of a question
Example – Why does the same kind of plant grow at different rates in different parts of the house?
2. Make observations & gather data Observe – to use any of your senses to
gather information.
Examples This room is white. The air is warm. Acorns taste bitter. Things look bent when they’re in water. Plants get different amounts of sunlight in different
parts of the house.
3. Form A Hypothesis
Hypothesis – a tentative (possible) explanation or answer to the question, “educated guess” Must be testable Often an “If…than” statement Example – If a plant gets more sunlight, than it will
grow faster .
4. Test the hypothesis Once it is established…it must be tested!
How? Conducting experiments
AND/OR Gathering data
Example of an experiment – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.
5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions
Graphs & tables are often created to organize data
Example – chart the daily growth of each plant
5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions Did the results support the hypothesis?
If the hypothesis was NOT supported…the experiment may be repeated to check for errors.
Or Scientists may form a new hypothesis.
Example – The plant that received more sunlight grew more quickly. The results of the experiment support the hypothesis!
Either way, the experiment must be performed many times to be considered reliable.
6. Communicate the Results Share information with other scientists &people Published reports, journals, lectures, internet, etc. Scientists “check” each other’s work and results Example – Publish your results in a biology or
botany magazine How else can results be communicated?
Bell Ringer 8/29/12
1. List the steps of the scientific method in order. (Try from memory before double checking your notes.) 3 min
Bell Ringer 8/31/12
1. Ready your pencil…get one if you need one.
2. Separate yourself and fellow students if possible.
3. Take everything off of your desk except a pencil/pen and blank piece of paper.
Schedule Review bell work Collect hw Return quizzes & makeup quiz Notebooks Grades worksheet? Calculate grades Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet
Schedule Review bell work Collect hw? Review home experiment Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet
Parts of an Experiment
An experiment may include several things: Variables Control Group & Experimental Group Sample Size Placebo
Variables
Variable – something in an experiment that changes
3 kinds of variables independent, dependent, & constant
Types of Variables Independent variable – controlled by the
scientist (cause) Should change the dependent variable What is the experimental group getting that the control isn’t?
Dependent variable – result measured by the scientist (effect, hopefully) Should depend on the independent variable
Example – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.
Constant Variables
Constant variable – a condition that does not change in an experiment…the scientist keeps it the same Must be the same in order for the experiment to be
valid (accurate)
Plants example?
Bell Work 9/3/13 – 4 min
1. Zach is conducting an experiment to see peeing on a jellyfish sting will help it heal faster. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and 2 constant variables that might be in his experiment.
2. W5SAYWoS
Groups
Often times there are 2 groups in an experiment.
Experimental group - exposed to independent variable
Control group – not exposed to independent variable
Everything else in the two groups is exactly the same!
Sample Size
Sample Size – how much/many do you test?
The bigger the group tested, the more reliable the results are.
(Testing a group of 1,000 will have more reliable results than testing a group of 100.)
Placebo
Placebo – fake substance taken in place of independent variable
Placebo effect – when placebo has an effect on the dependent variable, psychological
An experiment which bounces higher, a frozen tennis ball or a tennis ball at room temperature
Hypothesis:
Experimental Group:
Control Group:
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Constant Variables
An experiment to see if a new type of gasoline will increase the fuel consumption (miles per gallon) of a car
Hypothesis:
Experimental Group:
Control Group:
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Constant Variables
Alana Demonstrates the Scientific Method 1. Why is the scientific method “outstanding”? 2. What is the Alana’s hypothesis? 3. Alana’s hypothesis was incorrect…does this
make her experiment worthless? 4. Identify the independent variable and
dependent variable in this experiment. 5. What evidence was developed during this
experiment?
Procedures Quietly read the paper towel lab procedures.
Staying on task Measuring at eye level Holding paper towel as instructed Accurately timing Cleaning up
Dry cups out and set them near the sink on the side of the room
Return materials (scissors, markers, cups)
Bell Work 9/7/12 – 3 min
1. Dr. Murray wants to test a new medicine to see if it can heal sunburn. Imagine the experiment he would conduct and identify the
1. Experimental group
2. Control group
3. Independent variable
4. Dependent variable
5. 2 constant variables
Bell Work 9/11/12 – 4 min
1. Mia wants to see if sweet n low increases the likelihood of cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. Identify the
1. Independent variable
2. Dependent variable
3. Experimental group
4. Control group
5. What might the control group receive?
6. W5SAYWoS
Bell Work 9/4/13 – 4 min1. Alida wants to see if a drug she’s created
prevents cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. She gives the drug to all of the rats everyday. After 2 years, none of the rats get cancer.
1. What was Alida’s hypothesis. (If…than…)
2. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable.
3. What do you conclude from this experiment?
Bell Work 9/5/13 – 4 minYesterday’s hw?
1. On graphs, the independent variable goes on the _________ axis and the dependent variable goes on the ____________ axis.
2. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing counted quantities.
3. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing parts of a whole.
4. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing trends.
Today you are going to…
take notes on graphs
take notes on scientific theories & laws
So you can…
choose and create the correct graph in a given scenario
explain & differentiate between a law & theory
You’ll know you’ve got it when you
complete the graph creating worksheet
answer the questions on scientific theories & laws
Schedule Tuesday Finish scientific method notes SpongeBob wkst
Wednesday Check HW & review Notes on graphs, laws, & theories
Thursday Notes on graphs, laws, & theories
Friday Scientific notation notes
Monday Scientific notation
Tuesday Graphs? or Review?
Wednesday Test – top score in each class gets something special!!!
Graphs
Pie Graph Bar Graph Line Graph Look at both axes when reading graph
Independent variable is on the axis Dependent variable is on the axis
Scientific Theory an explanation for observations, events or
facts observed in nature tells how or why something happens based on many experiments…a valid scientific
theory has passed many tests! can change or be disproven at any time A theory CANNOT become a law! Example - Big Bang Theory
Scientific Laws Generalizations about how natural world behaves
They simply state that something happens…they don’t say why or how!
Can often be written as a math equation. May change as new data become available.
Example - Law of gravity, laws of thermodynamics
Scientific Laws Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Universal Law of Gravitation Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Laws of Thermodynamics
Scientific Laws & Theories
1. How are they similar?
2. How are they different?
3. Does the phrase “It’s only a theory.” apply to scientific theories? Why or why not?
A man wants to see if Rogaine will make his hair grow back (he is totally bald). Every day he applies Rogaine to the right half of his head. On the left half he doesn’t apply anything. After one month he notices hair growing on the right half but none on the left. Write the 6 steps of the Scientific method and what he might have done for each step. Identify the independent and dependent variables, the control group, and the experimental group.
6 Steps of the Scientific Method1. Ask a question –
________________________________________
2. Form a hypothesis – ______________________________________
3. Test the hypothesis – ______________________________________
4. Analyze the results - ______________________________________
5. Draw conclusions – ________________________________________
6. Communicate the results – ________________________________________
6 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Ask a question – Will Rogaine make my hair grow?
2. Form a hypothesis – If I put Rogaine on my scalp, than my hair will grow back.
3. Test the hypothesis – Put Rogaine on half of scalp
4. Analyze the results – Monitor & measure hair growth
5. Draw conclusions – Rogaine works!
6. Communicate the results – He tells all his friends.
A. Jane looks at the clock and realizes the time is not correct.
B. Jane realizes that the battery must have died.
C. Jane then wonders, “What brand of battery would last the longest in that clock?”
D. She thinks, “I think that the energizer battery would last the longest.”
E. Jane goes to local store and buy Duracell and Energizer batteries. She places the batteries in the same type of clock and lets the test begin. She checks the clocks every day to see if the batteries are still working.
F. After 3 months, the Duracell battery died. The Energizer battery took 5 months before it died.
G. Jane graphed her results and looked at what she found.
H. Finally, Jane says, “I was right! The Energizer battery did last the longest!”
I. Jane then go to tells her friends that Energizers batteries last longer.
Kira’s Experiment
1. What is Kira’s hypothesis? 2. What were the results of the experiment?
Independent Variable –
Dependent Variable –
Thursday – meeting in 235!!!! Bring in your lab info...should be done on computer if
possible Graph does NOT have to be done. Review sheet is NOT due tomorrow, but we’ll go over it.
Review for test Friday
Test on scientific method!
Bell Work 9/7 – 3 minutes Identify the following as true of a scientific
theory, a scientific law, neither, or both.1. State what happens without saying why or how
2. May change as new info becomes available
3. Explains how or why something happens
4. Is an educated guess
5. May be expressed in mathematical equation
6. T/F After being supported by many experiments, a theory may become a law.
Bell Work 9/8 – 4 minutes1. Justin wants to design an experiment to see if
drinking orange juice before a test would improve his test scores. Identify his independent and dependent variable.
2. Define placebo.
3. Define placebo effect.
On Ze Quiz!
Define hypothesis Identify: hypothesis, independent n dependent
variable, control & experimental group, conclusion
List 6 steps of scientific method in order Tell difference between a law and a theory Define & give example of placebo effect
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