U.S. government, chapter one. Intro to government.
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Principles of Government
Chapter One
Aristotle and the State1. Aristotle was one the first political scientists
or student of government.
2. Many of the terms he used are used still today, such as politics, democracy, and republic.
3. The word state come from the Latin word “stare” or to stand.
4. The U.S. uses the term state differently than the rest of the world.
Arisotle
Nation v. StateNation
1. Any sizable group of people who are united by:
Race.
Language.
Custom.
Tradition.
Religion.
State/Nation-State
1. All the features of a NATION, but these people have a defined political boundary line.
2. Nation-State: A homogenous population like Israel.
Four Features of a State1. Population.
2. Territory.
3. Sovereignty.
4. Government.
Four Major Purposes of Government
1. Maintain social order.
2. Provide social services.
3. Provide national security.
4. Make national economic decisions.
Preamble
Formation of Government Types:
1. Unitary system. (France)
2. Federal System. (U.S.A.)
3. Confederacy. (Articles of Confederation)
4. Theocracy. (Iran &Pilgrims?)
What are Constitutions?1. Incomplete guides. (Supreme
Court)
2. Statement of goals. (Preamble)
3. Framework for government.
4. Highest law of the land.
Constitutional Governments v.
Governments with JUST a Constitution
Constitutional Countries:
1. Attempts to abide by the written word and spirit of the constitution.
Government with a constitution:
1.Government does as it pleases, no matter what that constitution says.
2. Most governments are this way.
Theories of the Origin of the State
1. Evolutionary Theory: Clans and extended families.
2. Force Theory: Strong armed dictators.
3. Divine Right Theory: Kings and Queens ruled with Gods will.
4. Social Contract Theory: Modern countries with a democratic government. John Locke.
Governing in a Complex World
Industrialized/Modern
1. Wealthy/Market economy.
2. High tech.
3. Developed infrastructure.
4.Educated populace.
5. Healthy foreign trade.
6. Democracy.
Non-Industrialized/Less Developed
1. 95% in poverty.
2. Low Tech.
3. Few roads and communications.
4. No public Education.
5. Weak foreign trade/Single item economy.
Dictatorships.
North v. South?1. Most modern/developed/democratic countries
are in the Northern hemisphere.
2. Most less developed/dictatorships are in the Southern hemisphere.
3. Although less developed countries provide much of the developed world with raw materials, MOST of the worlds trade is between the developed world.
Non State International Groups
1. Al Qaeda.
2. Palestinian Liberation Army.
3. Hamas.
4. Hezbollah. Terrorists
Types of Governments.1. Autocracy: Rule by one.
2. Oligarchy: Rule by a few.
3. Democracy: Rule by the many.
4. 75% of the world’s countries have a form of dictatorship.
Types of Governments.
Two Kinds of Democracy:
Direct Democracy
1. All citizens can vote on individual issues.
2. For example: California has the initiative, referendum, and recall system.
Indirect/Representative Democracy
1. The people elect a person to office to vote on their behalf.
2. We elect reps to go to Sacramento and Washington D.C.
Key Characteristics of Democracy
1. Individual liberty.
2. Majority rule/Minority rights.
3. Free elections.
4. Competing political parties.
5. Market economy.
Good Soil of Democracy?1. Active citizens: Interested in society/politics.
2. Healthy/Free market economy.
3. Widespread, public education.
4. Strong civil society: Many voluntary associations.
5. Social consensus: Ballots NOT bullets to solve issues.
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
Search for the ideal society, or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
Search for the ideal society, or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
New ideas in psychology: Helvetius: We
are born blank slates
We’re products of
our environment
Bentham’s Utilitarianism
: Providing ideal
environment Ideal society
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
Search for the ideal society, or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
New ideas in psychology: Helvetius: We
are born blank slates
We’re products of
our environment
Bentham’s Utilitarianism
: Providing ideal
environment Ideal society
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
Search for the ideal society, or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
New ideas in psychology: Helvetius: We
are born blank slates
We’re products of
our environment
Bentham’s Utilitarianism
: Providing ideal
environment Ideal society
FC.100 ENLIGHTENMENT POLITICAL, SOCIAL, & ECONOMIC IDEAS
French philosophers who are heavily influenced by John
Locke:
View that humanity can & must reform
society since the Deist god is detached
Montesquieu who
wanted separation of powers in govt.
Rise of towns & money economy in the High Middle
Ages (FC. 64)
Enlightenment & Deism (FC. 99)
England’s rising economy (FC.
96C)
Rapidly changing society with new
wealth, problems, & the need to solve them
Search for the ideal soc., or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
Voltaire who called for more civil & polit.
liberties
Rousseau who
wanted direct small
scale democr’s
French Rev. (FC. 105)
Adam Smith’s economics: Free trade
Econ’s regulate
themselves Everyone can
profit
Free trade People have incentive to work hard &
be productive
Search for the ideal society, or at least ways to remedy
society’s ills
New ideas in psychology: Helvetius: We
are born blank slates
We’re products of
our environment
Bentham’s Utilitarianism
: Providing ideal
environment Ideal society
Modern theories of behavioral psychology
Extra Credit - The Two Presidents?
The 22nd and 24th presidents of the U.S. had the SAME mother AND father, BUT were not birth brothers.
How can this be so?FIVE percent extra credit!
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