Uranium Tailings Management at AREVA Resources Canada Part ...
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18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Uranium Tailings Management at AREVA Resources Canada
Part 2: the Kiggavik Project in Nunavut
Frederic Guerin, Nicola Banton (AREVA Resources Canada) John Mahoney (Mahoney Geochemical Consulting)Greg Newman (Newmans Geotechnique)
Location
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Kiggavik Project
Resources 51,000 tU (133 Mlbs)0.46% U
4 open pits1 underground mine
Project ProposalNov. 2008
Draft EISDec. 2011
Construction2017
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Andrew Lake and End Grid deposits
Main, Centre and East deposits
Tailings Management - Design Principles
To avoid interaction between tailings and natural water bodies
To maximize the use of mine workings for long-term management of tailings
To ensure the long-term protection of Kiggavik’s terrestrial, aquatic and human environment
Potential for future deposits to be considered Stability, integrity and geochemical performance should
not rely on maintaining present temperatures and permafrost conditions
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Project Overview – Kiggavik Site
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Main Zone Geology
Permafrost 220m
10-10 m/s < K < 10-7 m/s
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Kiggavik vs JEB
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
AthabascaSandstoneKh ~ 10-5 m/s
500m
TailingsMass
Kh < 10-7m/s
Jeb TMF – McClean Lake
TailingsMass
Kh < 10-7m/s
Metasedimentsand granite-FrozenKh < 10-10 m/s-UnfrozenKh < 10-7 m/s
Lake
2500mLake
Kiggavik Project
Typical Ore Assay AverageAnalyte Kiggavik Project Deposits Athabasca
basinMain Zone Centre Zone
East Zone
Andrew Lake
End Grid
U (ppm) 4,570 5,683 744 4,625 2390.6 35,000As (ppm) 2.2 20.4 3.0 7.1 19.4 58,000Co (ppm) 16.8 16.4 8.5 7.1 15.8 3,400Cu (ppm) 38.1 63.5 6.1 13.7 115.9 1,700Mo (ppm) 113.5 9.6 1.9 19.7 19.5 1,020Ni (ppm) 47.3 69.7 18.9 73.4 80.5 38,000Pb (ppm) 199.8 226.8 47.5 184.5 114.5 4,000Se (ppm) 3.0 0.2 1.5 1.2 12.7 24V (ppm) 484.4 410.0 233.1 526.5 230.8 780
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Sulphur Content from < 0.1% to 1%S Fe2O3 %(w/w) 2.6 to 7%
Clean oreReasonably easy to leach, Recovery > 96%
Ferric Sulphate
Tailings
Barren Eluate
Sumpage
Neutralization Tanks
NeutralizationFeedbox
Lime
AdditionalRetentionTimeTank
Lime
Barium Chloride Thickener
Water cover ≥5m
TailingsPumpbox
Sumpage
Flocculant
Sumpage
KiggavikWTPUnderflow
ReclaimWater
Overflow
Judge Sissons lake
TMF
TreatedEffluent
Tailings Management System Schematic Diagram
pH 4 pH 7
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Mill circuitsCrushing – Grinding – Leaching – Resin In Pulp – Elution – Gypsum Precipitation – Uranium precipitation
Tailings Neutralization
Uranium
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Eh-pH diagram for the system U, C, H and O at 25°C – Total U 2.4 mg/L
Uraninite U(IV) stable form under reducing conditions
Schoepite is the most likely U(VI) bearing phase that will form
Measured vs Calculated Uranium Concentrations
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ura
nium
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
pH
U (tot) Test 1
U (tot) Test 3
U (diss) Test 1
U (diss) Test 3
U on HFO model V not included
U on HFO model with V
U_ppm mont included
U_ppm_Schoepite NEA
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Importance of surface complexation reactions
Initial vs Neutralized Tailings
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Parameter Initial Solution Neutralized Tailings Ratio
As 1 0.0176 57
Cd 0.0317 0.003 11
Co 5.79 0.0556 104
Cr 63.2 0.34 186
Cu 443 0.4 1,108
Mo 0.159 0.141 1
Ni 33.3 0.31 107
Se 0.1 0.05 2
U 5.94 0.109 54
Zn 79.5 3 27
Ra-226 (Bq/L) 80 10 8
Units in mg/L unless specified
Tailings and water surface temperature for 1m water layer
Tailings and water surface temperature for 3m water layer
Prevention of Ice Lens Formation
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Tailings deposition under a minimum 3 m of free water will prevent freezing of the tailings
Design based on a 5m water cover during deposition and early consolidation
Decommissioning – Centre Zone
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Decommissioning – Main Zone
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Thermal profile in pits – no warming
20 years after closure
200 years after closure
2000 years after closure
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Permafrost vs Climate Warming
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Assumed Climate Warming Trends
-8
-7
-6
-5-4
-3
-2
-1
0
0 50 100 150 200
Time (yrs)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Case 1: -6 to -1 °C
Case 2: -7 to -2 °C
Complete melting of permafrost was conservatively assumed to assess long term performance
Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Main Zone
Pathlines Analysis
Current permafrost conditions(pathlines at 10,000 years)
No-permafrost scenario (pathlines at 1,000 years)
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Flow through the tailings 1.4 m3/day
Mass Transport
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Long-term concentrations in Pointer Lake
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
Predicted Incremental
Reference Values Surface Water ConcentrationsParameter Baseline Guideline Current Permafrost No-Permafrost
As 21 5 4.0E-06 6.9E-04
Cd < 0.1 0.017 1.0E-05 1.7E-03
Co <0.1 2.0E-06 3.5E-04
Cr <0.5 1 to 8.9 7.1E-05 1.2E-02
Cu 0.8 2 8.1E-05 1.4E-02
Mo <0.1 73 4.0E-05 6.9E-03
Ni 0.4 25 to 150 8.1E-05 1.4E-02
Se <0.1 1 1.0E-05 1.7E-03
U <0.1 15 2.8E-05 4.8E-03
Zn 5.8 30 6.1E-04 1.0E-01
Ra-226 (Bq/L) <0.005 0.5 1.9E-06 3.2E-04
Units in ug/L unless specified
Conclusion
Laboratory tests and geochemical models confirmed the performance of the proposed tailings treatment system for the Kiggavik mill, with estimated long term pore water concentrations for U and most metals lower than 1 mg/L
Groundwater flow and solute transport models confirmed the performance of the tailings containment system and the limited interaction between tailings and natural surface water bodies under current permafrost and ‘no-permafrost’ conditions
18th BC MEND Metal Leaching Workshop – Vancouver Nov. 30, 2011
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