University Of Maine Clean Snowmobile The Rock!. Introduction Maine – New England Snowmobiling! The Economic Impact –3000 full time equivalent jobs* –Jobs.
Post on 27-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
Transcript
University Of Maine University Of Maine Clean SnowmobileClean Snowmobile
The Rock!
Introduction
• Maine – New England Snowmobiling!
• The Economic Impact– 3000 full time equivalent
jobs*
– Jobs are in Northern Maine
Badly needed jobs
• Who is riding? http://www.northernoutdoors.com/Snow.html
*An Economic Evaluation of Snowmobiling in Maine: Stephen Reiling, Department of Resource Economics and Policy University of Maine
Target Market• The average age of a snowmobile owner?
41 years old with 0.8 kids at home! *• Other activities:
X-Country Skiing, Ice fishing, Work Related• If they own a motorcycle?
* International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association
Goldwing ABSCBR 1000RR
How to Hit the Target?
• Do the owners want to smell like gasoline at the end of the day?
• Do they want to converse on the sled?
• Priorities:– Easy starting– Fuel economy – long
riding range
• A modern bike or car on snow!
Secondary Market
• Current Non-snowmobilers
• Utility users – US Forest Service
How do we appeal to that market?– Maintain or improve performance– Lower emissions– Reduced noise– Enjoy nature
Design Objectives and Approach
• Reduce noise and inefficiencies from a stock Arctic Cat 660cc touring sled– Touring sleds are most
used by target markets– 4-Stroke engines
inherently “cleaner”
Design Objectives and Approach
OBJECTIVE• Reduce Noise
• Maintain Performance
• Reduce Emissions
APPROACH• Custom Cowling
• System Modeling for Clutching
• Catalytic Converter and Piggyback on ECU
Cowling Design
• Custom manufacturing based on geometry
• Limited air vents and acoustical foam reduce noise
System Modeling
• Predict Sled’s Performance
• Use Engine Data
• Tell where data comes from
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
10
20
30
40
50
60Engine Output at Track
RPM
Tor
que
in ft
-lbs
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tor
que
in ft
-lbs
Act
ual
Dyno Engine Data
Inertia Effects
Aerodynamic Effects
Rolling Drive Train Effects
Dynamic Model
Performance
Steady State Model
Fuel Economy
Aerodynamic Effects
Rolling Drive Train Effects
Clutch Tuning
System Model
TheoreticalEngine Model
Dynomometer
• Fully digital diagnostics
• User friendly interface using LabView
• Compare with theoretical predictions
Power and Torque vs RPM
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000RPM
HP
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Tor
que
(ft-lb
)
Power Torque
Clutching Model
• Isolate inefficiencies
• Predict performance trade offs– Dynamic– Steady State
0 10 20 30 400
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Time (s)
Po
sitio
n (
ft)
Snowmobile Position vs Time
Clutching Model
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
MPH
Dra
g a
nd
Fric
tion
(H
P)
Steady State Losses vs Velocity
Reduce Emissions
• Previously installed catalytic converter
• Microcontroller piggyback for ECU– Monitors air fuel ratio – Wide band O2 sensor– indirectly control pulse
width of fuel injector Piggyback Unit
Catalytic Converter
Programming Serial Port
BS24P MicrocontrollerBasic Stamp
Analog to Digital Converter
Digital Potentiometer DC-DC Converter12V to 5 V
Piggyback Circuit
Emissions Emissions reduction using the catalyst
compared to stockover RPM Range
NOx, 78.86
HC, 59.05CO, 61.97
0
20
40
60
80
100
Re
du
cti
on
(%
)
Improved EmissionsEmissions reduction with catalyst and piggyback
compared to stockover RPM Range
NOx, 89.28
HC, 68.92
CO, 73.79
0
20
40
60
80
100
Re
du
cti
on
(%
)
Improved EmissionsEmissions reduction with catalyst and piggyback
compared to stock@ 5000 rpm cruising operation
HC, 92.26 CO, 90.78 NOx, 97.95
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Red
uct
ion
(%
)
Emission Summary
Low Cost• Catalytic Converter:
$65.00• Wide band O2
Sensor: $80.00• Other parts: $220.00• Total $365.00
Results• With converter and
ECU piggyback total reduction in emissions from
90%-95%
Compared to stock 660
top related