Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on Earth. I. Biological Diversity Biological Diversity – differences in appearance, behaviors and niches of all the organisms.

Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on EarthEarth

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological Diversity

Biological Diversity – differences in appearance, behaviors and niches of all the organisms on earth– However, all living things need:

energy, made of cell(s), reproduce, grow and have adaptations

Biotic – livingAbiotic- non-living

OutcomesOutcomes

1.1k- Observe variation in living things

1.2k- Describe examples of variation among species and within species

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityOrganisms are organized into the

following groups:Species- organisms that can reproduce

with each other Ex. Elk or HorsesPopulation – a species that live in a

specific area Ex. Elk around VikingCommunity - >2 species living in an area

Ex. Elk and White tailed deer in VikingEcosystem – >2 species and their

interactions with non-living Ex. Elk and deer with sunlight, water, nutrients in Viking

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityA. Diversity Between Ecosystems Boreal Forest vs. Desert

Gobi Desert (China)

Namib Desert

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityB. Diversity Within Ecosystems

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityC. Diversity Within Species

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological Diversity

D. Species Distribution - There are more species around

equator than at poles – why?

Coral reefs and rainforests have the highest biological diversity on Earth.

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityOrganisms are classified into the Linneaus

system. This system shows relation between species.

KingdomPhylumClassesOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

General

Specific

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityAre a dog and a wolf of the same

species? How are they related? How are they different?

Wolf vs. DogWolf vs. Dog

Kingdom -Animalia (all animals)Phylum - Chordata (animals with notochords)Class - Mammalia Order – Carnivora Family – Canidae Genus – Canis Species- Lupis (Grey Wolf) Familiaris (Dogs)

What about a dolphin vs. What about a dolphin vs. swordfish?swordfish?

Dolphins vs. MarlinDolphins vs. Marlin

Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: Tursiops Species- truncatus

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum : ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: Perciformes Family: XiphiidaeGenus: XiphiasSpecies: gladius

I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityThe proper way to identify an

organism is to use its Genus species name.

Homo sapien

1.2 - Interdependence1.2 - Interdependence

1.5k- Investigate dependencies among species that link the survival of one species to the survival of others

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

What do the parts of the word mean?

1.2 Interdependence1.2 InterdependenceEvery species requires another species

to survive. Ex. Plants are required to trap energy

from the Sun Ex. Plants require insects to spread

pollen

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

There are three main interdependent relationships.

A. Predation -Prey provide food for predators -Predators keep the prey population

size down.

Lynx & Lynx & HaresHares

InterdependenceInterdependenceB. Symbiosis – a long lasting

relationship between species where one benefits

1.Commensalism – one benefits, other does not benefit nor is harmed

Ex. Barnacles and whales

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

2. Mutualism – both organisms benefit Ex. Bees and flowers

3. Parasitism – one benefits; one is harmed; parasite’s survival depends on the health of the host

Ex. Tapeworm and a human stomach

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

C. Competition Niche – the role of an organism in

the ecosystem. This includes its food, its predators, habitat, range and reproduction.

1.2 Interdependence1.2 InterdependenceInterspecific competition may exist in

a niche. This is competition between two species.

If this exists, only one species will be able to survive in the ecosystem.

To reduce competition, organisms undergo resource partitioning.

1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence

Resource partitioning – when species share a resource (ex. Food, habitat)

Ex. Warblers in a spruce tree

**These relationships demonstrate how variation between species and in ecosystems help species

1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies

Outcomes: 1.4k- Describe the role of variation

in enabling closely related living things to survive in the same ecosystem

1.6k- Identify the role of variation in species survival under changing environmental conditions

1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies

Variability – difference in behavior, appearance and genetics in a single species

The more variation within a species, the more likely the species will survive changes. Changes can be:– Drought, food sources, predators,

antibiotics

1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies

Ex. Banded Snail

Depending on the season, some colors are at an advantage over others = species survival

1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies

Natural selection – when the environment “selects” better suited organisms to survive

Ex. Cliff swallows pg. 24Those that survive will pass on

their traits. Those that die cannot pass on their traits.

Peppered MothsPeppered Moths

1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies

Thought Lab: Trophy buck are those with large

antlers. Hunters are interested usually in these, instead of weaker bucks with smaller antlers.

What will eventually happen to the size of antlers?

Review for Quiz #1Review for Quiz #1What are 4 things common to all

living organisms?What does the term biological

diversity mean?Give an example of an ant’s

community and ecosystem if it is living in your backyard.

Where on the planet are most species located?

Review for QuizReview for Quiz

List the order of classifying a species from most general to most specific.

What is the system called that is used to classify a species?

What does this system show about organisms?

Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat does interdependence mean?Give one example of interdependence.

What are the 3 types of interdependence?

What does symbiosis mean?

Why isn’t predation considered to be symbiosis?

Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat happens to a predators population,

when the prey population suddenly decreases?

Why is it important for prey populations to have predators?

What is commensalism? Give one example.

What is mutualism? Give one example.What is parasitism? Give one example.

Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat does a niche include?What does interspecific competition mean?What is resource partitioning? Why do

species do this?

Why is variation necessary for species to survive?

What kinds of changes can occur in an ecosystem?

Review QuizReview Quiz

How does the banded snail show variation?

What is natural selection? How does it alter the next generation of offspring?