Unit 9 Grammar
Post on 17-Jan-2016
72 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
Unit 9 Grammar
Compound nouns
• Compound nouns are made up of more than one word.
There are three categories of compound nouns
• 1. Compound nouns as one word: doorknob, homeroom.
• 2. Compound nouns with a hyphen: great-grandmother, runner-up.
• Two or more words that need to be together to express the idea: dining room, motion picture.
Rules for plural compound nouns.
• For one word compound nouns
• 1. Add s to the word: necklaces, leftovers
• 2. Add es to words that end in ch, sh, s or x : matchboxes.
• There are some exceptions in english but this is a general rule.
Rules for plural compound nouns.
• For hyphenated words and more than one word:
• make the most important or logical word plural: Mothers-in-law, runners-up,
• music boxes, dining rooms
9.3 possessive nouns
• A possessive noun names who or what owns or has something.
• Hannah’s riddle is very interesting.
• The teachers’ lunches were very delicious.
• ’ (why is this placed differently?)
There are rules for the spelling and conjugation of possessive nouns.
• For singular nouns add an ’s:
• A girl’s coat. A cat’s bed. Alexis’s homework.
• ’(an apostrophe)
• :)---- a smily face
• ::::) ------ A happy spider
RULES (continued)
• Plural nouns ending in S , add an apostrophe
• boys’ shoes, the families’ children
(Rules) continued.
• For plural nouns not ending in s, add an apostrophe and s.
• Children’s toys, women’s rights.
• (note that the apostrophe placement is different )
Classwork
• Please start the grammar exercises for 9.1/9.2. What you don’t finish is Homework.
Telling the difference between plurals, possessives and contractions
• plural nouns don’t have apostrophes.
• EX: The students talked in class.
• Plural possessive nouns end in an apostrophe.
• The Students’ hands shot up when Mr. d asked: “does anyone have any questions?”
• Singular possessive nouns end with an apostrophe and an s
• EX: The student’s ipad made Mr. D sad he wasn’t playing angry birds.
• ( Does anyone see both capitalization errors?)
Okay Mr. D , then what the heck is a contraction?
• A contraction is a word made by combining two words into one by leaving out one or more of the letters. (usually a form of the verb: To be, or one verb and the verb “not” )
• EX: I am going to the store
• Contraction: I’m going to the store.
• EX2: He will not turn in his homework.
• Contraction: He won’t turn in his homework.
Contractions continued.
• The pattern of contraction for verbs and the negative adverb not is very regular in most instances. You first right the contraction, then the n of not, then an apostrophe, followed by the tof not. This is true for all of the following examples: isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, hasn’t, haven’t, hadn’t, can’t, couldn’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, mayn’t, mightn’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t, daren’t, and needn’t.
Collective nouns
• Collective nouns are plural nouns that don’t end in S
• Committee, audience, swarm, club, family, team.
Collective nouns• Tricky rule: If you are speaking about
everyone in the group the verb is singular.
• EX: the entire audience applauds the performers (the audience is one unit, singular. “entire” lets us know that everyone is doing it)
• If you are referring to individual members of that group you use the plural from of that verb:
• The audience take their seats. (because they have individual seats, you use the plural form of the verb, “take”)
Wait, Mr. D I’m still confused.
• So if the collective noun is doing something together, use the singular form of the verb:
• EX: The family begins its trip. (Everyone in the family is doing this together)
• But if members of the collective noun are doing different things (even if they are still together as a unit) use the plural form of the verb
• EX: The family eat their sandwiches ((plural)
• Mr. D there is a HAPPY SPIDER ON YOUR BACK!!!!!
Appositives
• Appositives are nouns that tell what proper nouns do/are.
• They are always next to the proper noun. (either in front or behind)
• A comma is always before or after them them. (sometimes both)
• The comma usage will always follow the next four patterns
• 1. as an appositive: Mr. D , a teacher, loved teaching grammar.
• 2. As an appositive phrase: Mr. D , As a English teacher, loved teaching grammar.
• 3. With the appositive phrase first: As an English Teacher, Mr. D always loved grammar.
• 4. With the appositive phrase last. Mr D always loved grammar, as an english teacher.
• Please take care to NOTICE THE COMMA USAGE
MR D! THERE IS A COMMA ON YOUR BACK!!!!
top related