Unit 8 Seminar Community Corrections Probation Parole 1.

Unit 8 Seminar

Community Corrections Probation Parole

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3-page paper Fully answers all 3 questions At least 3 references: 1 = through the Kaplan library,

1 = Textbook , 1 = credible resource (not Wikipedia) List sources on reference page (try APA style!) Paper must follow this format:

• Page 1 = Cover page• Pages 2, 3 and 4 = Body of text (3 full pages)• Page 5 = Reference page

Size 12, Times New Roman font, double-spaced Submit to Drop box by the end of Unit 9

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Unit 9: Final Essay!

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Next Week: Last Seminar!

Pot Luck!

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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Wide range of sentencing options Allows offenders to remain in the

community under supervision Must meet certain conditions It’s an alternative to jail or prison

It’s a privilege, not a right!It’s a privilege, not a right!

Community Corrections

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Question!

What are some examples

of community corrections?

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Examplesof

CommunityCorrections

SuspendedQuarterbackMichael Vicks tospend rest ofsentence in

homeconfinement.

- May 2009

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August 2005

Martha Stewart will spend three extra weeks under house arrest after reports that she violated terms of her home confinement by going to a yoga class…

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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Most common form of sentence It’s a sentence of imprisonment that is suspended; the sentence is served while being supervised in the community. This conditional freedom is granted by a judicial officer as long as the person meets certain conditions of behavior.

Probation

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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In the U.S.: John Augustus (1784-1859) – “Father of Probation”

- Boston shoemaker who volunteered to take home drunks. He supervised over 2,000 offenders.- Helped start the PSI (Presentence Investigation)

1878 Massachusetts - first paid probation officer By 1925, all states had probation

History of Probation

The PSIPSI tells the judge about the history of the offender.

If YOUYOU were a judge,what kind of information would

you want to see in a PSI?

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Question!

Mandated by the courts Probation can be revoked if

conditions aren’t met 2 types of conditions:

1) General and 2) Specific

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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Probation Conditions

General ConditionsGeneral ConditionsApply to all probationers within the jurisdiction.

Examples: Obey lawsMaintain employmentRemain within jurisdictionAllow probation officer to visit home or work placePay court ordered fines

Specific ConditionsSpecific ConditionsJudge-mandated for the specific probationer.

Examples: Surrender driver’s license Pass GED testDo community serviceCurfewComplete a treatment plan

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

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Geographic Conditions for Jolene!

Between noon & 5 a.m. –in certain areas:• She can’t contact motorists• She can’t accept rides• She can’t be on a public street

without good reason• She can’t possess a cell, pager,

beeper within certain geographical areas

Over 150,000 offenders on probation Over 7,000 federal probation officers Authority to arrest Some carry weapons

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Federal Probation System

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Parole—a prisoner reentry strategy

Prison inmates receive supervised conditional early release from correctional confinement.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Parole

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Diane Downs: convicted of shooting her 3 children in 1983.One child died; one is a paraplegic; one has paralysis on one side of her body. The 2 surviving children were adopted by the prosecutor & his wife.

Diane went before the parole board in 2008: denied parole.

2010: Can apply for parole again

Ann Rule: “Small Sacrifices”

What’s one difference between probation & parole?

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Question!

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Probation vs. Parole

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Of all parolees: 46% successfully complete parole 26% return to prison for technical violations 11% return to prison for new violations California leads in sending parole violators back to prison (two thirds of their prison population)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Extent of Parole

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Mistake #1:Violating court orders by drinking

Mistake #2:Posting drinking photos to Facebook

“Facebook drinking photos show parole violation in fatal DUI case” -- Chicago Tribune, June 2009

20 year old female college student20 year old female college studentOriginal charge:

reckless homicide, aggravated DUI

Similar to probation conditions Violations = parole is revoked Examples of conditions:

Reporting to parole officerMaintaining employmentPaying fines and restitution

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Parole Conditions

You will be required to take a Polygraph Examination every six months or more…

You will not have contact of any kind with the victim(s) or the families….

You will not use the internet without permission … You will not possess computer programs unless approved by the

Parole Officer… You will not view pornography of any type or enter adult

entertainment establishments… You will not possess any equipment or devices which are

designed for the purpose of restraining or confining a person (e.g., handcuffs, restraint chains, etc.)…

You will not possess any camera(s) or other equipment unless approved by the Parole Officer…

22CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 10E© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc by Dr. Frank Schmalleger Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Intensive Parole for Sex Offenders

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When Ricky was 16, he went to a teen club and met a girl named Amanda, who said she was the same age. They hit it off and were eventually having sex. At the time Ricky thought it was a pretty normal high school romance.

Two years later, Ricky is a registered sex offender. Amanda turned out to be 13. Ricky was sentenced to 2 years probation and 10 years on the Iowa sex offender registry.

Ricky

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Question!

What’s one advantage or disadvantage of

probation & parole?

AdvantagesLow costIncreased employmentRestitutionCommunity supportReduced risk of criminal sanctionsIncreased use of community servicesBetter rehabilitation opportunities

DisadvantagesRelative lack of punishmentIncreased risk to communityHigher social costsDiscriminatory and unequal effects

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Advantages & Disadvantages of Probation & Parole

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Job Functions• Presentence investigations• Intake procedures• Needs assessment/diagnosis• Supervision of clients

Job Challenges• Balancing conflicting roles• Large caseloads• Frequent lack of opportunities for

upward mobility• Stress

Job of Probation & Parole Officers

Alternatives - somewhere between probation & incarceration

Examples:- Split sentences- Mixed sentences- Shock incarceration- Intensive supervision- Home confinement/elec monitoring- Community service

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Intermediate Sanctions = Alternative Sanctions

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Example of Shock Incarceration: Boot Camp

Martin Lee Anderson died after an altercation with guards at the Bay County Sheriff's Office Boot Camp in Panama City, Florida. A surveillance camera videotape, made public last week, shows the guards dragging the limp boy around the grounds, kneeing and striking him several times. -- LA Times, February 2006

Martin died 2 hrs. after entering the boot camp.

Most inmates will be released back into society.

Barriers to successful reentry need to be addressed:

Substance abuse Lack of education Poverty Diminished opportunities for employment Physical or mental disabilities

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Reentry Issues

Final essay coming up next week! Community corrections = lots of options Probation – a suspended jail/prison sentence Parole – release after time in prison Each has conditions that must be met Advantages & disadvantages of both Intermediate sanctions = alternative sentences Reentry issues need to be addressed by CJ

system Be careful of the pictures you post on Facebook!

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Summary!

Email: pdahl@kaplan.eduPhone: 303-279-4840AIM: PatriciaDahl

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Question & Answer Time!