Unit 5: The Growing Nation Chapter 13: North and South Chapter 14: Age of Reform Chapter 15: Road to Civil War

Unit 5: The Growing Nation

Chapter 13: North and SouthChapter 14: Age of Reform

Chapter 15: Road to Civil War

Chapter 13 & 14Vocab and Art Smart Terms

• Abolitionist• Discrimination• Famine• Nativist• Overseer• Slave Code• Underground Railroad• Fugitive• Secede• Popular Sovereignty

During the mid-1800s, what were 4 ways in which the northern states differed from the southern states?

North South

How might these differences create conflict?

The Industrial North:

Mid-1800s

Northern Factories

The North’s People

Immigration• The movement of people into a country

What was the largest group of immigrants between 1846 and 1860?

• Irish• 1,500,000 settled in the

northeast states• Famine causes mass

emigration from Ireland

Self Smart and Partner Activity• Independently read The Impact of Immigration, Immigrants

Face Prejudice and The Know-Nothing Party on pages 394-395.

• Find a partner and answer the following questions in your notes:– What impact did immigrants have on the United States?– Did immigrants face discrimination? Give specific

examples.– What political party was created to discriminate against

immigrants? What was the party’s political beliefs?– What issue split this party during the 1850s?

The Know-Nothing Party

• Repeal of all Naturalization Laws

• None but native Americans for office

• No foreigners in the military

• Resistance to papal influence (Catholicism)

Pop Quiz Study Guide

• Knowing the differences between the North and the South, how would southerners support the institution of slavery in an argument with a northern diplomat?

Give at least 3 reasons

The South’s Argument for Slavery

• Slaves were treated better than some workers in the north.

• Slaves were provided with everything they needed. Northern workers had to use their small wages to buy what they needed.

• Slavery was the foundation of the south’s economy.• African Americans were better off under white care.• The north of BIG GOVERNMENT had no right to

judge southern existence (states rights).

Southern Cotton

Kingdom:Mid-1800s

Cotton Production in the South

North vs. SouthNorth South

•Large immigrant population • Discrimination

• Nativist Movement (Know-Nothing Party)

• Industrial Revolution• Factories• Farms• City life• Transportation network (Roads, Canals, Railroads)

• Enslavement• No Industrial Revolution• Plantations (Grew cotton)• Less immigrants • Fewer cities• Poor transportation network (Dirt roads, few canals, no railroads)

• Please read Life Under Slavery on pages 403-406 in your text.

• We will then…

Plantation LifeQuestions

• Read “Life Under Slavery”. With a partner, answer the questions.

• Describe the family life & living conditions of an enslaved African American.• What were some of the cultural customs for the

enslaved African Americans?• What were slave codes?• Who was Nat Turner and what did he do?• What did African Americans use to escape

slavery?

Pop Quiz Study Guide

List and Explain the Top 5 reasons why Slavery was worse than working conditions in the Industrial North?

If you were a Slave-owner, explain 3 ways you would fix the institution and treatment of slavery (without abolishing it):

Reform:The Abolition Movement

• Early 1800s: Plan to end slavery gradually– American Colonization Society

• By 1830s: Slavery is still growing– Abolitionists begin calling for immediate end to

slavery.– EX: The Liberator is an abolitionist newspaper

Remember the Slave Trade Compromise at the Constitutional Convention……

Frederick Douglass

• Escaped Maryland slavery.

• Taught himself to read and write.

• Leading Abolitionist of the 1800s

• “Dr. King” of the 1800s

“What, to the American slave, is your Fourth of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him . . . the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is a constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham . . . your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless . . . your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.”

What did Douglass mean?

The Underground Railroad

NO!

YES!

Station House

Conductor

What’s confusing about this map of the underground railroad?

How did escapees know where to go?

What did runaway slaves do on a cloudy night?

Harriet Tubman

• Escaped at 30 years of age.

• Made 19 trips back to the South to free 300 enslaved Africans.

• The most famous conductor

• Never caught

Chapter 13-15Vocab and Art Smart Terms

• Abolitionist• Discrimination• Famine• Nativist• Overseer• Slave Code• Underground Railroad• Fugitive• Secede• Popular Sovereignty

Explain three things you learned about the Underground Railroad on the back of your Uncle Tom’s Cabin Worksheet.

Let me take out one more Band Aid before I pass away

in 1852

I will call it the “Compromise of 1850”

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• 1852• 300,000 copies sold during the first year• The novel showed slavery as a cruel and brutal system

Two slaves, Cassy and Emmeline, are hiding from their cruel master, Simon Legree. Simon threatens to beat Tom if he will not tell where Cassy and Emmeline are hiding. Tom, a Christian who has always been a loyal, hard-working slave, refuses and Simon swears that he'll conquer Tom or kill him:

"Tom looked up to his master, and answered, "Mas'r, if you was sick, or in trouble, or dying, and I could save ye, I'd give ye my heart's blood; and, if taking every drop of blood in this poor old body would save your precious soul, I'd give 'em freely, as the Lord gave his for me. O, Mas'r! don't bring this great sin on your soul! It will hurt you more than 't will me! Do the worst you can, my troubles'll be over soon; but, if ye don't repent, yours won't never end!"

"Like a strange snatch of heavenly music, heard in the lull of a tempest, this burst of feeling made a moment's blank pause. Legree stood aghast, and looked at Tom; and there was such a silence, that the tick of the old clock could be heard, measuring, with silent touch, the last moments of mercy and probation to that hardened heart. It was but a moment. There was one hesitating pause,--one irresolute, relenting thrill,--and the spirit of evil came back, with seven-fold vehemence; and Legree, foaming with rage, smote his victim to the ground.

"Scenes of blood and cruelty are shocking to our ear and heart. What man has nerve to do, man has not nerve to hear. What brother-man and brother-Christian must suffer, cannot be told us, even in our secret chamber, it so harrows the soul! And yet, oh my country! these things are done under the shadow of thy laws! O, Christ! thy church sees them, almost in silence!"

1. How does Stowe portray slaveholders in this scene? 2. How does she portray slaves? 3. How do you think white Southerners felt when they read of Simon Legree's cruelty in Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Let me take out one more Band Aid before I pass away

in 1852

I will call it the “Compromise of 1850”

• 1,500 voters live in Kansas• 6,000 people cast voting ballots• Proslavery supports from MO crossed over and voted • Border Ruffians• 2 governments in KS• Pro-Slavery• Anti-Slavery

• May 1856• 800 slave supporters attacked Lawrence, KS the antislavery capital

John BrownI’m an Abolitionist. God has chosen

me to end slavery!

Pottawatomie Creek

• May 25, 1856• John Brown• 4 of Brown’s sons• 2 others• Brown and his supporters killed 5 slavery supporters • “Bleeding Kansas”

PSSA RELAXATION REVIEW DAY

The Dred Scott DecisionREVIEWExplain each legislation regarding slavery:

•3/5 compromise 1787

•Slave Trade Compromise 1787

•Northwest Ordinance 1787?

• Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

• Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

In your notes, describe “Bleeding Kansas” and John Brown

The Lincoln – Douglas Debates1858

A house divided against itself cannot stand!

What does Lincoln mean by “A house divided against itself cannot stand!”

At what point, do you think differences must be settled by violence?

The Raid on Harpers Ferry

I will capture an arsenal and give the weapons to the

enslaved Africans in Virginia and have a rebellion

•October 16, 1859

"I am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away

but by blood."

Perspectives Homework

Unit 6: The Civil War & Reconstruction

Chapter 15: Road to WarSection 4: Secession & War

• Rate the events below in order from most (1) to least (6) polarizing between the North & South:– Uncle Tom’s Cabin– Bleeding Kansas– Fugitive Slave Act– Raid on Harper’s Ferry– Underground Railroad– Dred Scott

Turn in your Perspectives Worksheet

Whose Resume Is This?• 1832 - Lost job and defeated for state legislature• 1833 - Failed in business • 1835 - Sweetheart died • 1836 - Had nervous breakdown • 1838 - Defeated for Speaker • 1843 - Defeated for nomination for Congress • 1848 - Lost re-nomination • 1849 - Rejected for land officer • 1854 - Defeated for U.S. Senate • 1856 - Defeated for nomination for Vice President • 1858 - Again defeated for U.S. Senate

The Election of 1860

• Democrats split on slavery issue.

John C. Breckinridge (D-KY) Stephen Douglas (D-IL)

Abraham Lincoln

• Republicans nominate Lincoln.

• Promises to leave slavery where it exists.

• Will stop slavery from spreading into new territories.

Southern Secession

• President Buchanan says he does not have the right to stop secession.

• His days in office are numbered . . .

• . . . what will Lincoln say?

Am I done being president yet???

Lincoln’s InaugurationMarch 4, 1861

Lincoln Takes Office

The nation waits to see how Lincoln will respond to secession.

Lincoln’s Promises

With Lincoln’s election, which states seceded from the Union?

I’m Jefferson Davis. I am elected president of the

Confederate States of America. Abraham Lincoln will try to take

away our rights!

• SC secedes on 12/20/1860.

• TX, LA, MS, AL, FL, GA join SC in February 1861.

Mission Impossible I

The Civil War Begins:Fort Sumter

• Ft. Sumter held by Federal (northern) troops.

• Commander requests supplies from the north.

• Lincoln tells south he will resupply Sumter, but will send no weapons. Will the Confederacy allow Lincoln

to resupply Ft. Sumter??

Confederate Troops Attack Ft. Sumter

• April 12, 1861• Confederate troops

ordered by President Davis to take Ft. Sumter.

• Union Fort held for 33 hours and then surrendered on April 14, 1861.

Fort Sumter, SC

Border States Secede• Ft. Sumter convinces VA, TN, NC, AR to secede.– The Confederate

States of America is formed.

• Which slave states did not secede?

I need 75,000 volunteers to save the Union!

*Notice, President Lincoln did not say to end slavery, but to save the union.

Fort Sumter is the start of the American Civil War.

vs.United States of AmericaNorthThe UnionFederal Army“Yankees”Army of the Potomac

Confederate States of AmericaSouthThe ConfederacyConfederate Army“Rebels”Army of Northern Virginia