UNIT 4 – AOS 1 - MEMORY

UNIT 4 – AOS 1 - MEMORYTERM 2 REFRESHER

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNT SO FAR THAT WE MUST NOT FORGET.....

P-VALUES ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL MEASURES OF RETENTION ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY SENSORY MEMORY: Function/Capacity/Duration ECHOIC MEMORY ICONIC MEMORY SHORT TERM MEMORY:

Function/Capacity/Duration ALLAN BADDELEY’S WORKING MEMORY

MODEL

P-VALUES

In scientific research, an alpha level of 0.05 significance is used as a benchmark to gauge whether a difference obtained in the findings is truly due to the influence of the independent variable and not attributed to chance.

Stricter probability values (P) of significance are sometimes employed, such as p< 0.01 (less than 1 in 100); p< 0.001 (less than 1 in 1000).

p< 0.07 p< 0.006 p< 0.049 p< 0.04 p< 0.5 p< 0.001 p< 0.001 p< 0.061

ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Encoding Storage Retrieval

Incoming

Sensory

I

N

F

O

R

M

A

T

I

O

N

Information is converted for storage

Information is retained in memory

Information is recovered from memory when needed

RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF THE MEASURES OF RETENTION

Retention Retrieval

Relearning

Recognition

Recall

High Sensitivity

Low Sensitivity

Cued

Serial

Free

Savings score= (original trials) – (trials for relearning)

(original trials)

THREE TYPES OF MEMORY – ATKINSON AND SHIFFRON MODEL

Sensory Memory(SM)

Short Term Memory (STM) or Working Memory

(WM)

Long-Term Memory(LTM)

Forgotten if not encoded or rehearsed.

Decay: not being used

Displacement: pushed out

Forgotten

Lost if not attended

to

Encoding and

StorageAttention

I

N

F

O

R

M

A

T

I

O

N

Retrieval

SENSORY MEMORY: FUNCTION/CAPACITY/DURATION

ATKINSON AND SHFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY

CapacityUnlimited

Duration Approximately 0.2- 0.4 seconds

Approximately 3-4 seconds

Function To receive sensory information from the environment

ECHOIC MEMORY AND ICONIC MEMORY

Iconic (visual) Memory

Echoic (Auditory) Memory

Capacity Essentially that of the sensory system involved – very large

(Sperling)

Duration Approximately 0.2- 0.4 seconds

Approximately

3-4 seconds

Processing

NO additional beyond raw perceptual processing

7 + 2

Short – Term Memory holds

Seven + Two items

Short Term Memory

Capacity: Limited to approximately 7+2 bits of information

Duration: Approximately 18 -20 seconds

Function To receive information from SM for processingTo receive information from LTM for processing.

SHORT TERM MEMORY: FUNCTION/CAPACITY/DURATION

Input

LongTerm

Memory

Working Memory

Iconic(Visual)Memory

Echoic(Auditory)Memory

SensoryRegister

Visuospatial Sketch Pad(VISUAL)

CentralExecutive

PhonologicalLoop

(VERBAL)

ALLAN BADDELEY’S WORKING MEMORY MODEL

CHUNKING EXERCISEDIGIT SPAN TESTTRIAL 1

1/

SWA

2/

PGU DGO

3/

MDU NTU ASP

4/

UTH MBA ECX AZL

5/

QWE RTI TIO APS IFG

6/

HJI EZX CVA EMQ OWR UBV

7/

AXZ VUT OPT UHB TCI ODX ESZ

8/

PLA OJN IJN EHB OGV IFC EDR ZSE

9/

OBL EDT NWA OGR EVS CKI EQG IMK ULV

CHUNKING EXERCISETRIAL 2

1/

SAW

2/

PUG DOG

3/

MUD NUT SAP

4/

TUH MAB CEX ZAL

5/

QEW RIT ITO PAS FIG

6/

HIJ ZEX CAV MEQ WOR BUV

7/

XAZ VUT POT HUB TIC DOX SEZ

8/

PAL JON JIN HEB GOV FIC DER ZES

9/

BOL DET WAN GOR VES CIK QEG KIM LUV