Unit 11 Country case studies: Canada, NL + 3 student presentations 4th May 2005, Laura Laubeova laubeova@fsv.cuni.cz .

Unit 11Country case studies:

Canada, NL

+ 3 student presentations

4th May 2005, Laura Laubeova

laubeova@fsv.cuni.cz

www.tolerance.cz

Canada300 years of immigration 1996 CENSUS OF CANADA TABULATIONS: ethnic origin, official language, home language

12, 5 mil., 44% other than Br, Fr, Canad.5, 3 mil (19%) only Can.4, 9 mil (17%) only Br2,7 mil (10%´) only Fr

Diversity in regions

W. Provinces –

over 60% other then Br, Fr, Can

Saskatchewan-

61% other, 7% Aborig.;

Territories-

37% Aborig.

Ethnic min. larger than 900 tho.:

Germans (2mil.),

Ital., Ukraine (1 mil.),

Chinese, Dutch (0,9 mil.)

Larger than 350 tho.:

Scandinavians,

Poles,

South Asians (600 tho.),

Caribbean,

Jews

Non- European:

Aborid.,

Chinese,

South Asians,

Philippinos,

Latin Americans

Minorities (non Fr, Br, Can):

Germans - Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Atlant. Provincies

Ital. - Quebec (then Aboridg.)

Aborid. - Territories

Visible minorities

- in Employment Equity Act:

Persons other than aboriginal peoples, who are non- Caucasian in ´race´ or non-white in colour, other origin than European

Since 1996 – question No. 19

Do you belong to..?

1999- 3 mil. (11,2%).

Visible minorities

Over a half (1,7 mil.) in Ontario,

41% in cities (Toronto, Vancouver. Montreal.

Largest - Chinese (800 tho.), South Asians, Blacks

Most Chinese are immigrants (75%);

Japanese and Blacks were rather born in Canada (65%, 42 %)

Designated groups

Employment Equity Act apart from visible minorities

4 designated groups:Women

AboriginalsDisabled

Immigrants

5 mil immigrants - 17 % (1996).

cf. 1951 only 2 mil.

13 % (655 tho.) born in UK

7% (330 tho.) in It.

5% in China, India, USA

Definition of an immigrant:

1.  CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada) – who received a permit for permanent settlement

2.  Census of Canada –

who was not born in Canada

"What Country are you a Citizen of?"

Languages:

official (Fr, Engl.) + non-official "home languages“ Home language is defined as the language most

often spoken at home.

(Statistics Canada collected information on English, French and a maximum of one non-official language)

Languages:

17% (4,9 mil)

other mother tongue than Fr or Engl.

10% (3 mil)

speaks at home with other tongue

than Fr or Engl.

Home languages

Chinese (half mil)

Italian

Panjabi

Spanish

Portugeese

Home languages

12 out of 20 most spread home language are non-European

Chines, Panjabi, Arab,

Tagalog, Vietnamese, Tamil,

Cree, Farsi, Korean,

Urdu, Guajarati, Hindu

Source:

Multicultural Canada, A Demographic Overview, Strategic Research and Business Planning, Dept. of Canadian Heritage, 1998

Etc. , vide bellow

MCP

Official Languages act in 1969

Official policy of Multiculturalism in 1971

Canadian Multiculturalism Act in 1988

1997 Renewed multiculturalism programme

Nunavat

1 April 1999

Inuktitut

Resources:

Employment Equity Act 1986

Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982

Official Languages act 1969

Canadian Bill of Rights 1960

Canadian Citizenship Act 1947

Canada Year Book 1997, Minister of Industry, 1996

Canadian Heritage: Multicultural Program, Respect, Equality, Diversity, Program Guidelines, July 1998

The Evidence Series, Facts About Multiculturalism, May 21, 1998 - volume 1, July 21, 1998- volume 2, September 21 1998- volume 3**

Profile, Newsletter of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol.5, No.1, Spring 1997

Breton, Raymond: From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism: English Canada and Quebec in Hutchinson, John, Smith Anthony, ed. (1996) Ethnicity, Oxford- New York: Oxford University Press

The Netherlands

16 mil.

Immigrants of Western descent: 1, 4 mil. (8%)

Immigrants of non-Western descent: 1, 6 mil. (incl. 2nd generation) – 10%

Total immigrants 18 %

Classic groups

Turkey 331 000 2%

Suriname 315 000

Morocco 284 000

Antilles/Aruba 125 000

New Groups

Iraq 41 000

Afghanistan 31 000

Somalia 29 000

Iran 27 000

Cf Rotterdam figures!

Integration policy:

Coordination:

Ministry of Justice

(Minister for Immigration and Integration) + other ministries

Implementation

municipalities

Integration system:

Obligatory programmes for „newcomers“

20 000 newcomers every year

Voluntary programmes for „oldcomers“

Stock of about 464 000 oldcomers

Newcomers Integration Act (30 Sept. 1998)

Policy document on oldcomers (June 2001)

Dual paths

Funding:

Newcomers: 177 million Euro (2001)

Oldcomers: 100 million Euro (2002)

Antidiscrimination:

Equal treatment legislation since 1994

The Equal Treatment Act (ETA)/ The Equal Treatment Commission (semi-judicial)

Race+ ethnic origin, religion, belief, political opinion, nationality, sexual orientation and civil status (not handicap and age- cf. EC Framework Directive)

ETA

Allows positive action as an exception to the general prohibition of unequal treatment: „prohibition shall not apply if the discrimination is aimed at putting members of ethnic and cultural minorities in a privileged position, in order to eliminate or reduce de facto inequalities. This preferential treatment has to be reasonably proportionate to that aim, and it should be abolished when equality is reached.

Wet SAMEN

Act on the stimulation of labour participation of ethnic minorities (Wet SAMEN):

Required organisations to reach proportionate participation of ethnic minorities in their staff. Wet SAMEN implemented Section 2.2 of ICERD-

The objectives of various laws include reaching de facto equality of minority groups on the labour market.

Rotterdam

600.000 inhabitants

second half of the 19th century, thousands of labourers mostly from the rural provinces

harbour related activities, Ruhr-area

WWI refugees.

20`s immigration diversified, eg Chinese

also East and Central Europe, who originally came

to catch the boat to America, but decided to stay.

Table 1 Population Rotterdam 1-1-2001 (Based on ethnicity, not nationality) Total population 595.389 100%Total immigrants 266.814 45%

Immigrants:

Ethnic minorities* 174.131 29% Other poor countries 41.380 7%Other rich countries 51.303 9%

*Ethnic minorities

Surinamese 51.100 9%Turks 41.467 7%

Moroccans 31.646 5%Antilleans 17.847 3%Cape-Verdians 14.650 2%Other South-Europe 17.421 3%

Table 2. Population Netherlands 1-1-2002(Based on ethnicity, not nationality) Total population 16.105.000 100%Total immigrants 2.965.000 18% Western immigrants 1.407.000 8%Non-western immigrants 1.558.000 10%  Turks 331.000 2%Surinamese 315.000Moroccans 284.000Antilleans 125.000