Unit 1 Laughter is good for you

Unit 1

Laughter is good for you

Grammar and usage

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式 , 分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的 , 但在句子中都不能作谓语 , 故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。

主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语

To do

√ √ √

Doing

done

Non-finite used as the subject

Read each sentence and point out the function of each to infinitive or verb-ing.

1.To see / Seeing is to believe / believing.2. Playing football is my favourite activity

when I am free.3. It is important to consult a doctor

before you take this medicine.4. It is necessary for young people to know

how to use a computer.5. It is no use talking to him.

不定式和 v-ing 作主语的区别 1) v-ing 作主语通常表示抽象动作 ; 而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

　 Smoking is prohibited here. （抽象）

　 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. （具体）

2) v-ing 作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

　不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

　 Climbing mountains is interesting. （经验）

　 To drive a car during such a rush hour is tiring. （未做）

3) 不定式做主语，一般用 it 当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

常用不定式做主语的句型有： It’s difficult /important/ necessary for sb. to do …

It’s kind /good / friendly / polite / careless/ rude/ cruel/ clever / foolish/ brave of sb. to do …

4) It is + no use / no good /fun / a great pleasure / a waste of time … 等名词+doing sth.

　 It is no use crying.

　 It is a great fun playing football.

　 It is a waste of time trying to explain. 　　

非谓语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult.

How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem.

非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致

Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （ 2010 湖南） A. is B. are C. has D. have答案： C解析： v-ing 短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除 B 、 D 两项，根据主语与caused 的主动关系，排除 A 项

[ 高考真题 ]

暴露于太阳底下太久使得这植物奄奄一息 .

Non-finite verbs

used as the attributive

Read each sentence and point out the function of each to infinitive, verb-ed or verb-ing.

1.Be quiet. I have something important to tell you.

2.The mid-aged woman talking with the director now is the writer of the play.

3. The problems discussed at yesterday’s meeting are important.

不定式、现在分词和过去分词 作定语的区别

（ 1 ）不定式作定语　 1 ）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系　 He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 　 The train to arrive was from London.

不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。　　 I need a pen to write with.

　　 There is nothing to worry about.

（ 2 ） v-ing 表示主动或正在进行的意义，v-ed 一般表示被动或做完（完成）含意。　 He rushed into the burning house.

　 The child standing over there is my brother.

　 The room facing south is our classroom. 　 He is an advanced teacher.

Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011 江苏 ) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared

解析： compare 的动作是 survey 发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。

[ 高考真题 ]

The ability _______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011 湖南 ) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed

解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。 the ability to do sth.“ 做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。

The players _______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011 湖南 ) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected

解析：分析句子结构可知，“ ____ from the whole country” 是分词短语作后置定语修饰 the players ，再结合语境可知此处表示“被挑选出来的”，故用过去分词短语作后置定语，故答案为 C 。

I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. （ 2010 山东） A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed

解析：由于时间状语 before the end of this term 表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings 的定语。答案选 B 。

1. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students. in the school. 　 A. open 　　 　 B. opening 　　 　 C. having opened 　 D. opened 2. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. 　 A. invited 　　　　 B. to invite 　　 　 C. being invited 　 D. had been invited

D

A

[ 典型例题 ]

3. There was a terrible noise _____ the sudden burst of light. 　 A. followed 　　 B. following C. to be followed 　 D. being followed 4. Do you know the boy _____ under the big tree? A. lay 　 B. lain C. laying 　 D. lying 5. Are you going to attend the meeting _____ tomorrow? A. to be held B. being held　　 C. will be held 　　 D. held

B

D

A

6. This is one of the questions _____ at

the meeting now. 　 A. to discuss 　　 B. to be discussed C. being discussed 　　 D. discussed 7. Would you please give me a piece of

paper _____?

A. to write 　 B. to write on

C. to write with 　 D. to be written

C

B

Non-finite verbs

used as the object complement

非谓语动词作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语时 , 表示动作已经发生 , 动作的全过程已经结束。如 :

　 I heard him knock at the door three times.

= I heard he knocked at the door three times. ( 动作的全过程已经结束 )

现在分词作宾语补足语时 , 表示动作正在进行。如 :

　 I heard him knocking at the door.

= I heard he was knocking at the door.( 动作正在进行 )

　过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如 :

　 I found the glass broken.

= I found the glass was broken.

注意 :

在主动句中，动词不定式作宾语补足语时 , 在动词 make, let, have, see, notice, hear, watch, observe, feel, listen to 等后面要省略不定式符号 to 。如 :

　 I hear him play.

　 The teacher made him do the exercises again.

　 help 后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时 , 不定式符号 to 可加可不加。如 :

　 He often helps me (to) study English in his spare time.

注意：　当这些动词变为被动语态时 , 原不定式必须加上 to 。如 : 　 He was seen to repair the machine.

(2011 重庆 ) Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind

解析： remind 和 himself 构成动宾关系，即 remind sb of sth; 故用reminded 。 reminded 作宾语补足语。

[ 高考真题 ]

Even the best writers find themselves _______for words. (2011 浙江 ) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost

解析：根据固定短语搭配： be lost ，茫然、困惑，由此可知此处答案选 B ，过去分词作宾语补足语。

Listen! Do you hear someone for help? （ 2010 湖南） A. calling B. call C. to call D. called

解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone 与 call 的主动关系排除 D项。 hear 后接不定式作宾补时应省略 to ，由此排除 C 项。由 Listen 可判断此处表示正在求救，故选 A 项。

Do Part A on Page 9.

Answers

(1) laughing (2) to understand

(3) participating (4) produced

(5) Enjoying (6) reading

Do Part B on Page 9.

Answers

(1) to do (2) performing

(3) to write (4) Practising

(5) (being) told (6) thinking / to think

1. 他现在正在找房间住。 He is looking for a room to live in.2. 你需要再准备一支笔用吗？ Would you like to have another pen to write with? 3. 他看着空气中飘然下落的叶子。 He looked at the leaves falling in the air.

[Practice]

4. 我在法国时听到有人唱这首歌。 I heard this song sung in French when I stayed in Paris. 5. 他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。　

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. 　

1. ---What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? ---We have to carry it on, since

we have got everything ready.A.rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

Consolidation exercises

___from the top of the hill,the school looks nice.__ in CS for ten years,I Know it well.

2. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language_____?

A.did they speak

B.were they speaking

C.are they speaking

D.have they been speaking

3. Scientists think that the continents _____ always where they _____ today.

A.aren’t; areB.aren’t; wereC.weren’t; areD.weren’t; were

4. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work B. working

C. is working D. are working

5. They have a good knowledge of English but little _____ they know about German.

A. have B. did

C. had D. do

6. ---What are you going to do this afternoon?

---I’m going to the cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we_____ to the bookstore after that.

A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go

7. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused

8. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide

9. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning

10. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _____ in the clothing industry.

A. is working B. works

C. work D. worked

11. Months ago, we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

12. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____ each year.

A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away

13. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.

A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have

changed

14. ---Are you still busy? ---Yes, I _____ my work, and

it won’t take long. A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish

15. They ____on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we __ on it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working

B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have

workedD. have worked; are still working

16. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science_____ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.

A. showed B. has shown

C. will show D. is showing

Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （ 2010 湖南） A. is B. are C. has D. have答案： C解析： v-ing 短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除 B 、 D 两项，根据主语与caused 的主动关系，排除 A 项

[ 高考真题 ]

暴露于太阳底下太久使得这植物奄奄一息 .

Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011 江苏 )A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared

解析： compare 的动作是 survey 发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。

[ 高考真题 ]

The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南 ) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed

解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。 the ability to do sth.“ 做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。

The players _______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011 湖南 ) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected

解析：分析句子结构可知，“ ____ from the whole country” 是分词短语作后置定语修饰 the players ，再结合语境可知此处表示“被挑选出来的”，故用过去分词短语作后置定语，故答案为 C 。

I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. （ 2010 山东）

A.completing B. to completeC.completed D.being completed

解析：由于时间状语 before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当 readings 的定语。答案选 B 。

1.The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.

A. open 　　 B. opening 　　 　 C. having opened D. opened 2. Most of the artists ____ to the

party were from South Africa. A.Invited B. to invite 　　 C.being invited D. had been invited

D

A

[ 典型例题 ]

3. There was a terrible noise _____ the sudden burst of light.

A.followed 　　 B. following C. to be followed

D. being followed 4. Do you know the boy _____ under the big tree? A. lay 　 B. lain C. laying 　D. lying

B

D

5. Are you going to attend the meeting _____ tomorrow? A. to be held B. being held　　 C. will be held D. held

A

6. This is one of the questions _____ at the meeting now. A. to discuss B. to be discussed C. being discussed D. discussed 7. Would you please give me a piece of paper _____? A. to write 　 B. to write on C. to write with D. to be written

C

B

(2011 重庆 ) Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind

解析： remind 和 himself 构成动宾关系，即remind sb of sth; 故用 reminded 。 reminded 作宾语补足语。

[ 高考真题 ]