Unit 1 – European Renaissance and Reformationmrsutton1911.weebly.com/.../1/5/8615346/unit_2_crusades___renais… · BUT! Europe gained knowledge of Arab and Byzantine… Medicine,
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UNIT 1 – EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND
REFORMATION
MWH – 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.2
PRE-CRUSADES
Europe was largely isolated
from Asian and African
cultures after the fall of
Rome
- The Fall of the Roman Empire
destroyed a government,
economic, and society that had
existed for 1000 years
Locked into ways of thinking
by custom and the Church
Stagnant culture due to
constant warfare and lack of
stable government systems
THE CRUSADES
Series of wars between
Christian kingdoms and
the Islamic world
between 1097 and the
1300s
First called by Pope
Urban II
Led to back and forth
control over the “Holy
Land”
THE CRUSADES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player
_detailpage&v=z-niTeTY7pw
View the video and think about whether or not
the Crusades were an overall positive or
negative for Europe and the Middle East.
LASTING LEGACY OF THE CRUSADES
Cross culture interaction
From European perspective, wars were unsuccessful
BUT! Europe gained knowledge of Arab and
Byzantine…
Medicine, Trade, Math, Architecture, Shipbuilding, Sailing,
and Philosophy
New Goods, Old Knowledge
Exposure to Muslim culture and goods spread through
Spain and Italy and to the rest of Europe
Pasta, paper, colored glass, spices
Ancient philosophy is reintroduced to Europe
Greek philosophical and scientific works change European thought
LASTING LEGACY OF THE CRUSADES
Pre-Crusade philosophy that dominated European thought; focused upon knowledge in the fields of law, medicine, and religion
Focused upon using logical reasoning to define the “truth”. Led to attempts to harmonize Christianity with ancient philosophy
Scholasticism
Post-Crusade philosophy that developed throughout the Renaissance; focused on literary and philosophical scholarship, being a well-rounded person, and on human achievement
Spread through Italy as the rediscovery of Greek and Roman philosophy grew out of Christian and Islamic interactions during and after the Crusades
Humanism
INTERCONTINENTAL TRADE
Growth of Trade
Italy’s Advantages
Trade empires grow from
Northern Italian city-states
Venice, Florence, Genoa
Hanseatic League forms
Baltic Sea trade agreement
between kingdoms in
Northern Europe
Overland and overseas
trade begins to return to
the forefront of European
society
DIFFUSION OF GOODS
Make a prediction about some negative consequences that can come about
from major cities being connected like this during the Middle Ages…
THE PLAGUE STRIKES EUROPE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZBRdTSgjjI
THE PLAGUE
What caused the Black Death?
The Oriental Rat Flea carried the disease
How did it spread?
THE PLAGUE
Cures?
Medieval medicine did not understand germs or
disease and thought “bad humors” affected the
body
Noticed some people healed after sores burst so….
Tried to draw poison out by placing a paste made of figs and
cooked onions mixed with yeast and butter on the swelling then
lancing it with a knife
Put live frogs’ belly on sores until the frog burst… and repeat
"They died by the hundreds, both day and night, and all were thrown in ...
ditches and covered with earth. And as soon as those ditches were filled,
more were dug. And I, Agnolo di Tura … buried my five children with my
own hands … And so many died that all believed it was the end of the
world.“ – Agnolo di Tura of Sienna, Italy
THE PLAGUE
THE PLAGUE
How does this compare with the map of trade routes that
we previously looked at?
TRANSITIONING SOCIETY
The move from the Middle Ages to Renaissance culture
THE DOWNFALL OF FEUDALISM
PRE-CRUSADES POST-CRUSADES/PLAGUE
Kings – held control over
the kingdom’s warring
and taxation powers
Lords – held control over
a manor and knights
Knights – held small parts
of manor and fought for the
Lord & King
Serfs – owned little and
were bound to work the
manor by Feudal law
Social hierarchy totally
disrupted Lords and Knights died on
Crusade and by plague
Serfs died in great numbers by
the plague
Result? Kings had less power, money,
food, workforce etc.
Society HAD to change to
compensate for the losses
PRE VS. POST CRUSADES/PLAGUE SOCIAL STRUCTURE
PRE CRUSADES/PLAGUE POST CRUSADES/PLAGUE
King
Lords
Knights
Serfs
King
Lords
Knights
Serfs
FEUDALISM FELL… SO WHAT?
Feudalism was… A form of government
An economic system
A social structure
Sounds a lot like what Rome meant to Europe right? So, what’s going to replace it?
A) Another “dark age” where the European world gets worse
B) A massive movement towards new ways of doing business, conducting government, and gaining knowledge
YOUR OPINION
School should focus solely upon preparing you
for your career path.
School should focus upon turning you into a
well rounded individual and citizen.
THE SPREAD OF HUMANISM Spread through Italy as an elitist movement
Took hold in the 14th century as (ancient) Greek revivalist thought became popular Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Movement North and West Next spread to Germany, England, and Spain
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
1350(ish) to 1500’s
Began in Italian cities
Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, Venice
Educated merchants, bankers, and politicians lived there
Humanist Influence
Humanists sought to prepare soul for afterlife AND bring admiration for human achievement on earth
Created a drive to succeed
SPREAD OF BANKING
Grew with trade routes Organizations like the
Templar Knights set up banks in the Crusades
Became very important in Crusading and post-Crusading world…why?
Powerful banking families arose in Italy Played prominent role
in the Italian Renaissance
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Merchants & the Medici Wealthy merchant class
develops through trade
Emphasis placed on individual achievement
Banking families arise in Italian city-states The Medici rule Florence
and become patrons of the arts
Ancient Inspiration Artists and scholars study
ancient Greece and Rome
Scholars move to Rome after fall of Constantinople in 1453
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