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Attendance:
Local government:
- Hayleselasse Sibhatu, Director of the Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Adugna Mekonnen, Deputy Manager, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Alemayehu Neme, Deputy General Manager, Solid Waste Recycling and Disposal
Project Office, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Fikre G/Anenia, Leader, Environmental Protection Office
- Bayu Tolossa, Team Coordinator, Biodiversity Institute
- Tesfaye Shewa, Pollution Inspector, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Fissaha Belay, Biodiversity Researcher, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Meseret Mengiste, Environmental, Pollution and Awareness Team Coordinator,
Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Workineh Yismaw, Watershed Management and Biodiversity Protection,
Environmental Protection Office
- Kihfe Mesfin, Core Process Coordinator, Environmental Protection Office
- Hana Mekonnen, Natural Resource Protection, Environmental Protection Office, Yeka
Sub City
UNA Africa Phase 1:
Consultation Workshop
Workshop Report
Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa
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- Meskerem Abebe, Energy Coordinator, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Samson Nabiyat, Natural Resource Officer, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Shimelise Titkie, Biodiversity Officer, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Alebachew Azezew, Energy Expert, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Iemal Mahammod, Environmental Protection Officer, Environmental Protection
Authority, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Fanfu Kifle, Ecosystem and biodiversity regulation and control, Environmental
Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Yichilai Kindu, International Relations, Mayor’s office, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Muslima Adue, International Relations, Mayor’s office, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Fatima Dedeseba, Senior International Relations Officer, Mayor’s office, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Birhanu Hailu, Researcher, Biodiversity Institute
- Abera Kinfu, Researcher, Biodiversity Institute
- Ermias Seyan, Mayors office, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Tared Tfailu, Officer, Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Walelegn Desalegn, Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Sammauit Mekonnen, International Relations, Mayor’s office, City Administration of
Addis Ababa
- Abera Diro, Biodiveristy Coordinator, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Ixlafanesh Tarikis, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Gizat Mekonin, Environmental Protection Officer, Yeka Sub City
- Meseret Tmetmia, Energy officer, Environmental Protection Authority, City
Administration of Addis Ababa
- Henock Johannes, Environmental Pollution Research Officer, Environmental
Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Meseret Werdofa, Watershed and Biodiversity, Environmental Protection Authority,
City Administration of Addis Ababa
- Tibebu Alemayhu, Deputy Manager, Bole Environmental Protection Authority
- Tadesse Ababu, Biodiversity Inspection Officer, Gullelle Environmental Protection
Office
- Wenedwesan Shiferaw, Project Coordinator, Gullelle Environmental Protection Office
- Getaneh Sharew, Biodiversity Officer, Yeka Sub City
- Abrham Taddesse, Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Abrham Araya, Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
- Seblewengel Tarius, Environmental Protection Authority, City Administration of Addis
Ababa
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NGO’s and civil society groups:
- Zewditu Tessema, Environmental Wildlife and Natural Heritage Society
- Micheal Yilma, Program officer, CVDA (Common Vision for development Association)
- Alemayehu Girma, Educational officer, EWNHS (Environmental Wildlife and Natural
Heritage Society)
- Zweditu Tessema, Project officer, EWNHS (Environmental Wildlife and Natural Heritage
Society)
- Gifti Bellele, C40 City Advisor, C40
- Mr Kifle Bulo, Manager, Birhan Integrated Community Development
Association/KBASP Company
- Mr. Mekuria Gebru, Senior Project Officer, Environmental Development Action (ENDA)
– Ethiopia
- Haimanot Desalegne, Country Coordinator, Environmental Development Action
(ENDA) - Ethiopia
- Taye Shiferaw, Program Manager, PICDO
- Georgina Avlonitis, Professional Officer, ICLEI Africa – Cities Biodiversity Center
- Jess Kavonic, Junior Professional Officer, ICLEI Africa – Cities Biodiversity Center
Research organisations:
- Mr. Motuma Didita, PhD Student and Director, Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity
Introduction:
UNA Africa Ethiopia Consultation Workshop: Phase 1 workshop, held in the framework of the
project, Urban Natural Assets for Africa Project (UNA Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dates: 7 – 8 May 2015 (9:00 am - 4:00 pm)
Venue: Churchill Hotel, Churchill Avenue
Convenor: ICLEI Cities Biodiversity Center
Sponsor: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) through SwedBio
at Stockholm Resilience Centre
Partners: African Center for Cities, the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI),
GBIF Secretariat and SwedBio at Stockholm Resilience Centre
UNA Africa Background:
The project, “Urban Natural Assets for Africa Project,” (UNA Africa) facilitated and lead by ICLEI
- Local Governments for Sustainability and funded by the Swedish International Development
Cooperation through SwedBio at Stockholm Resilience Centre, is a project under the global
Urban Biosphere Initiative (URBIS). UNA Africa is designed to improve human well-being,
contribute to poverty alleviation and build resilience of the urban poor, through building local
government capacity to enhance local implementation of the Aichi Biodiversity targets to
conserve and protect nature in cities in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) Consultation workshop:
The Ethiopian consultation workshop, held on the 7th and 8th May 2015, was organised by ICLEI
- Local Governments for Sustainability, with the support of project partners SANBI, the African
Center for Cities (ACC), the Stockholm Resilience Centre (SRC) and substantial input and
support from the City Administration of Addis Ababa. The event brought together some of the
primary role-players involved in conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in Addis
Ababa. The core partners used this workshop to outline and define the priority agendas around
natural assets in the city region in order to inform the desired type of capacity building to be
provided at subsequent workshops.
Workshop Outcomes and Objectives:
This workshop was an interactive and open forum, aiming to build on and strengthen existing
partnerships within urban biodiversity management in Addis Ababa, with ICLEI playing a
mediating role in the process. As in other UNA Africa Phase 1 workshops, the objectives were
to:
1. Increase understanding of the value, importance, economic and social benefits of the
sustainable management of natural assets and green infrastructure.
2. Identify priority regional agendas around natural assets.
3. Determine the accessibility of required biodiversity information for decision making.
4. Strengthen the internal working relations of the government departments, vertically
and horizontally, and with other important actors such as researchers, local NGOs and
civil society representatives, regarding natural asset management by opening up
dialogue around this topic.
5. Identify capacity constraints regarding biodiversity management and identify desired
biodiversity information/tools/resources.
6. Define the desired type of training to be provided at subsequent workshops and
through a potential mobile phone application.
Day 1: 7 May 2015:
Through presentations, much of the morning session was dedicated to outlining and defining
the contextual background of urban natural assets and ecosystem services (drawing from key
messages of the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook), as well as the current status of biodiversity in
Addis Ababa. This provided an information platform for the engagement of participants later
in the afternoon whereby participants were split into smaller groups and facilitated through
answering the following questions:
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1. Locate and describe important natural assets in your city. What ecosystem services do
these natural assets generate?
2. What are the major issues and challenges that hinder sustainable management of your
city’s natural assets?
3. Who are the stakeholders and what are the decision making processes involved in the
management of these natural assets?
4. What are the solutions and opportunities to better manage the city’s natural assets?
The main results are captured below:
Table 1: Identified natural assets and associated ecosystem services, challenges and
solutions
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED
CHALLENGES STAKEHOLDERS AND DECISION MAKING
PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MANAGEMENT
SOLUTIONS
FORESTS: Entoto Forest Madin Forest Site Ankorche Forest
- Tourism -Recreation -Carbon sequestration and climate regulation (temperature) -Improved air quality - Conservation of fauna, flora, soil and ground water -Construction/Economic (provision of raw materials) -Energy -Habitat for wildlife -Flood control -Medicinal value -Agroforestry -Research/Education -Aesthetics
Forests: -Deforestation
(reliance for livelihoods) -Soil erosion
-Urban sprawl (expansion of farms)
Rivers:
-Water pollution -Waste disposal -Health issues
-Sanitation and poor sewerage systems -Urban plan failure
-Lack of upper catchment
conservation
Overarching Challenges:
-Awareness gap between different
operating levels
-Increased population growth
-Illegal settlements
(poverty)
Government: MEF, Ministry of
Agriculture (urban agriculture office),
MoH, MOWIE, AAEPA, Land administration, Urban planners, Sub-
City and Woreda administration, A.A.
development bureau, A.A. planning institute,
City administration, Beautification agency,
land management bureau, Ethiopian
Biodiversity Institute, Ministry of Forestry,
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Civil society: Non-
governmental organisations (INDA, Horn of Africa etc.), community based
organisations, volunteers
Targeted education and enhanced awareness at different levels (training,
workshops, seminars, best experience learning…)
Support development of sustainable management plans/guidelines for these
areas.
Address capacity limitations of government and
stakeholders (empower relevant stakeholders,
“outsource” work to engaged local actors)
Support studies, researchers
on the potential of Addis Ababa’s natural assets (do
baseline study, identify natural assets…)
Protected area zoning and demarcation (viewed as a
public good/asset)
Appropriate use and ‘greening’ of the City’s
Master Plan Strengthen policies and laws
WATER/RIVERS: Akaki Kebena Fil wuha
-Disposal of solid and liquid waste -Urban Agriculture -Domestic consumption -Cleaning and sanitation -Climate regulation -Habitat for aquatic species -Recreation -Bathing and cooking -Water supply -Shelter and sewerage system for informal settlements (illegal)
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PARKS: Yeka parks
-Recreation -Conservation of flora and fauna -Job creation -Economic services -Climate regulation -Research and Development
-Capacity limitations (resource, technical, financial, knowledge
gap)
-Weak enforcement of regulations at differing
levels
-Lack of specialisation and diversification
within governments (lack of integration)
-Weak management system (unplanned
land use and inappropriate use of the City master plan)
-Lack of community
awareness of legislation and involvement in
environmental projects (lack of private involvement)
Private Sector: Industry owners,
health organisations (pertaining to river systems), religious
institutions, business owners
Communities:
Illegal settlements, neighbouring
residents, residents that use resources for livelihoods, tourists,
university and schools
Develop green open spaces, parks and urban agriculture
Active public participation
Institutional integration
(clear indication of duties and responsibilities of
stakeholders and decision makers)
Political commitments
WILD ANIMALS (and vegetation)
-Base of biodiversity and ecosystems -Ecotourism
- Low coverage of
natural forests -Urban encroachment -Rapid Urbanisation -Population growth
-Deforestation
LANDSCAPE (topography)
-Ecotourism -Aesthetic value -Economic value -Biodiversity
ROADSIDE PLANTATIONS
-Aesthetic value -Carbon sequestration -Reduces urban heat island effect -Shelter and protection (sun, rain and wind)
-Accidents
-Non-integrated development
-Non-Indigenous species
-No public access (and cannot use)
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ZOO -Recreation -Education -Conservation of animals -Research -Tourism -Job creation
-Not well designed -Limited species
-Tainted past (2005 incident)
MINERALS: Worku Sefer
-Construction purposes -Job opportunities -Aesthetic (for decoration purposes) -Cultural (Coffee ceremony)
Almost all the groups identified Addis Ababa’s city rivers and forests as key natural assets.
Interestingly, solutions to these natural asset challenges were largely linked to awareness
raising, education and training as well as access to sufficient biodiversity data for decision-
making whilst at an institutional level, solutions involved synchronising conservation efforts
and enhancing capacity.
Also from this session key opportunities were identified:
Table 2: Opportunities to help address challenges associated with Addis Ababa’s natural
assets and associated ecosystem services
OPPORTUNITIES IDENTIFIED
Laws and regulations Addis Ababa has a multitude of favourable policies
and regulations that can be used to underpin
biodiversity conservation within the City
Universal issue The natural asset and ecosystem challenges
identified are similar to those faced by other African
cities. Transfer of knowledge and best practice
should be an integral part of biological conservation
Implementation of the National Green Economy
Policy (CRGE)
This policy exists to guide and implement
environmental conservation within the city of Addis
Ababa
Availability of natural resources Addis Ababa is rich in biological diversity and natural
resources
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Existence of government organisations and
institutions at different levels
AAEPA and some institutional departments of the
city structure have recently been established and
are still developing/expanding
Climate Change Provides opportunity to build ecosystem resilience
within the City
City Master plan currently being prepared The City is currently in the final preparation process
of assembling a core team to develop its master plan
River and riverside development project The City is currently in the final stages of developing
a rivers and riverside management project through
the City’s planning department
Donors/Funders Good relationships with external funders and donors
Clockwise: Presentation by Mr. Motuma Didita outlining the biodiversity assets in Addis Ababa,
Workshop participant asking questions on the importance of biodiversity consideration in City planning
and Interactive sessions to identify challenges, solutions and opportunities related to the City’s natural
urban assets and the associated ecosystem services
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Day 2: 8 May 2015:
To begin the session, participants were encouraged to discuss any pertinent topics they
thought had not yet been fully covered in previous group-work discussions. This discussion
was also encouraged through-out the remainder of the day. The following issues came to the
fore:
Biodiversity challenges – past versus the future: A key concern amongst participants was the
need to balance future development with environmental concerns. Particpants were
particularily concerned with how to undo past management and how to integrate the
protection of biological systems into future plans. A key output from this discussion was that
the challenges of biodiveristy conservation should be seen as opportunities for green
development and that biodiveristy should be mainstreamed into policies and plans.
Green infrastrucuture: Clear attention was given to green infrastructure and the need for
knowledge and best-practice sharing.
River systems and aquatic biodiversity: A matter that arose was the need to also take into
account aquatic biodiversity during City planning. To date, there have only been 4 studies
that have looked into aquatic biodiveristy and Addis Ababa’s river systems. There seems to
be very little available/accessible biodiversity data on Addis’ rivers. Currently the City’s
planning department is developing a river corridor development strategic plan which aims
to maximise the social, economic and ecological value of the rivers in Addis Ababa by
rehabilitating the degraded Bantiyeketu-Kechene-Kurtume rivers and riverbanks.
Knowledge sharing: During the workshop there was an opportunity for the various NGOs
participating in the workshop to engage with others and present on some of the work they
are currently involved in. It was made clear that the Addis Ababa authority should contact
these external organisations (and the University) as many have research students who would
be very interested in partnering on a variety of research topics.
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From top right: Wood harvesters on Mt. Entoto; A variety of coffee at the Merkato market; Patchwork city
scape, Addis; Mefakia traditional toothbbrush made from tree shoots commonly sold by street vendors;
One of the many beautiful raptors that circle the city; ; A bounty of fruit and veg sold on the roadside.
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Natural forests and afforestation: Another major concern that arose during discussion was the
intensive harvesting of forests for fuel. The issue of harvesting shoots to make and sell
traditional toothbrushes (‘mefakia’) also came to the fore and it was highlighted that there
are currently no regulations against this as there is little knowledge of the true impact of this
practice. A need for better regulation and enforcement was identified to ensure this does
not increase and result in major deforestation.
There are a multitude of afforestation projects currently being conducted within Addis
Ababa, adminstated by a range of different organisations and City departments. However,
there is limited mapping of these reforested areas and therefore very little follow up to see
the success of these projects. Also during planting, very little consideration is given to the
match between seedlings and habitat (non-indigenous trees are often planted), while after
planting there is a lack of skilled manpower to take care of the seedlings. A suggestion for
possible training included training individuals and organisations to better look after planted
trees and/or teach root harvesters how to harvest the roots without damaging the remainder
of the plant.
Co-ordination and integration: An important point that was raised in discussion was the need
for more bottom up approaches to environmental resource management and better co-
ordination between stakeholders and different levels of governance. Some attendees
attested to the fact that certain city planning decisions have been taken in the past with a
rather technocratic approach, needing more stakeholder agreement and input.
Biodiversity mapping: There was a strong indication that there is a lack of knowledge into the
mapping and distribution of urban natural assets within Addis Ababa. It would be valuable
to map these assets as well as identify and establish different biodiversity zones and
protected areas. As a direct result of this workshop, the European Space Agency has been in
contact around assisting the city with these matters as part of a project to capacitate cities
to implement the CBI (Cities Biodiversity Index).
City Master Plan: The City’s master plan is currently being developed. This presents multiple
opportunites for the integration of environmental consideration into future planning. Also this
presents opportunities for training and co-ordination of officials and experts involved in the
compilation of the master plan as well as training of City officials once the plan is distributed
(and needs to be implemented).
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Community representation: There was a clear gap in terms of community representation at
the workshop. The need to engage with representatives from the botanical gardens was also
highlighted.
Interactive sessions: Participants working in groups to identify thematic priority areas for training and
capacity building.
Distilling Thematic Priorities
Using the associated challenges and solutions identified the previous day, facilitated visual
gathering techniques were used to build a natural assets ‘cloud’. The outcomes of this exercise
where not foreseen to be perfect or polished, but rather a first step to achieving a collectively
created set of thematic topics based on consensus from the overall outcomes of the previous
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session to address some of the City’s most pressing challenges. Drawing from all of the answers
obtained during the exercise the day before, the thematic priority areas for training were
identified as being:
Data and information management
Communication, education and public awareness
Lobbying and fundraising
Appropriate use of rivers and riparian areas (community awareness)
Harmonisation and integration of city by-laws (with better enforcement)
Waste (liquid & solid) management
A ‘greener’ City Master Plan and appropriate implementation
Better catchment management of rivers (zoned usage)
Participatory forest management & sustainable forest resource use
Technology to sustainably use and protect biodiversity products
Strengthen local institutional structures and coordination for better ‘outsourcing’ (local
government and community)
Public-private partnership and involvement of the private sector
During the afternoon session, participants were asked to identify their top 3 priority areas from
the above list and to think of potential training programmes for each of the chosen topics. For
this exercise, the workshop was again split into smaller equally sized groups and were
facilitated through answering the following questions:
1) What are the thematic priorities for capacity enhancement?
2) Who is the target audience?
3) What should the contents of the training be?
4) At what scale?
5) What existing opportunities and materials could help to provide such training?
The main outcomes are captured below:
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What are the thematic priorities for capacity
enhancement? (in order of priority)*
Who is the target audience? What should the contents of the training be?
At what scale? What existing opportunities and materials could help to provide such training?
Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA)
Central and local government: EPA, Relevant municipal departments and sectors (Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, A.A. City admin, Solid Waste Management Agency, City planners, A.A. Beautification and Recreation agency), Political leaders, Sub-cities, Woreda Community based institutions/representatives: Edir, Ekub (at a larger scale), youth representatives, residents forums NGOs and Public Sector: PICDO, Ethiopian Heritage Trust, Institute for Sustainable Development, LEM Ethiopia, Tena-Kebena Youth Association, Nib Urban Agriculture Youth Association, Gullelie Botanical garden, SLUF, UN Environmental Program Forum for Environment, INDA Ethiopia, UNDP Private Sector:
- Natural assets of Addis Ababa and their uses/importance/value - Policies and regulations regarding the natural assets of Addis Ababa -The role of communities in safe-guarding the natural assets of Addis Ababa -Environmental Degradation: Deforestation, Soil erosion, Loss of biodiversity, Pollution -Mitigation measures (means of conservation): Afforestation, Biodiversity and Ecosystems, Waste Management (reduce, reuse, and recycle) and Waste Management technologies (biogas, compost etc.) -Biodiversity concepts and definitions -Integration of biodiversity into the school curriculum -Urban Green Infrastructure -Communication tools to address biodiversity management
Municipality to Woreda level A.A. City including surrounding Oromia zones
-Experts on natural assets of Addis Ababa in the EPA and different NGOs -Research outputs, training manuals and documents from Addis Ababa University (science faculty), MEF (Ministry of Environment and Forestry), the MOA (Ministry of Agriculture), Agriculture research centre, Institute of biodiversity, River protection project office, NGOs -Different electronic and printing medias (availability of internet access) -Environmental policies, laws, rules and regulations (CRGE plan and Climate change adaptation plan) - The current development of the Master Plan as well as the River and riverside development plan and urban design -The fact that environmental consideration is fast becoming a global priority (and strong interest in biodiversity) -Skilled man power and proper institutional framework
Table 3: Training Priorities Identified
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Industry, Small scale entrepreneurs Academia: Schools A.A. University Science Faculty Social science faculty EIABC -Religious institutions -Media (journalists)
Waste (liquid and solid) Management
Central and local government: EPA, Relevant municipal departments and sectors (AA City solid waste management agency, Sub-cities, Woreda (solid waste collectors))
-Impact/adverse effects of waste on natural assets of Addis Ababa - How to manage waste -Solid waste: Minimisation, reuse, recycle, composting, recovery and disposal -Liquid waste: Reuse and recycle, modern sewer usage and implementation and impact
Municipality to Woreda level A.A. City including surrounding Oromia zones
-Experts on waste management of Addis Ababa in the EPA and different NGOs -Research outputs and documents
A ‘Greener’ City Master Plan and Appropriate Implementation
AA Planning institutes up to Sub-City (decision makers and planners from municipal to Woreda level i.e. planning institution, master plan management bureau, EIABC, A.A Institute of technology, A.A. City admin, Mapping agency, EPA)
-Maintaining/considering the natural assets of Addis Ababa during the master plan revision -How to integrate biodiversity into master plan preparation process -Include steps for the conservation of soil, water and wildlife, rehabilitation of rivers and environmental management (afforestation)
Municipality to Woreda level (researchers and experts)
-Master Plan Institution -Experts on natural assets of Addis Ababa in the EPA and different NGOs -Research outputs and documents from Addis Ababa University (science faculty), MEF (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) and the MOA (Ministry of Agriculture) -Resources: Master plan documents, previous master plan documents, reports and maps, pilot research and projects
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Urban development professionals (architects, planners, engineers, sociologists, economists) NGO’s and Private Sector: ENDA, EWNHS, HOA, GIZ
Participatory forest management and sustainable forest resource use
- Proper use of forest resources for harvesting, bee hiving, recreational centres, source of traditional medication and research purposes
A.A. City including surrounding Oromia zones
Harmonisation and integration of City by-laws (with better enforcement)
Higher officials, Policy makers, City administration and council, concerned experts
-Environmental cases (best practice lessons) -How best to integrate (methods of integration) -Responsibility and accountability of laws
-Training Manuals and documents from Urban Infrastructure planning and management
Better catchment management of rivers (zoned usage)
-The value of rivers and the river buffer zone -The impact of pollution on rivers -Sustainable and wise use of rivers and riverbanks
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All groups prioritised Communication, Education and Public Awareness as a key priority area
for training and capacity building. During the sessions and during informal discussions,
emphasis was placed on capacity building around forest resources, greening the City Master
Plan, waste management and catchment management.
Recommendations and next steps:
(All of these ideas came from the stakeholders and participants of the workshop)
Drawing from this preliminary workshop, the topic/topics for training and the workshop date
will be confirmed in collaboration with the Addis Ababa City Council over the next few weeks.
ICLEI and project partners, together with all relevant city stakeholders and NGOs currently
working in Addis Ababa will need to work closely to take both their work, and the outcomes
of the workshop, forward, through contribution of knowledge into the training and mobile
application development and capacity building workshop.
As a summary of all the above outcomes there is a need for:
Public awareness, education and communication: Regardless of what training topic is taken
forward, it will be necessary to engage the public and include a really strong education and
awareness-raising component as part of the workshop.
Greening of the City Master Plan: The current master plan revision presents a multitude of
opportunities for considering and maintaining biodiversity and the City’s natural assets,
especially if the task-force creating the plan is engaged early on. Government officials should
then undergo training so as to best implement the plan whilst considering the environment.
The preparation process can also be used to assess and address any further biodiversity gaps
that arise.
Engaging other stakeholders: It will be important to involve all relevant departments and
stakeholders, as well as community representatives that were not present at the preliminary
workshop to ensure support and integration, as well as align resources
Appendix I:
Workshop Agenda
Appendix II:
Workshop Evaluation
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