UKSG Serial Resource Management for 21 st Century Getting Technical - Linking
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Primary funding is provided by the JISC and ESRC. Based at Manchester Computing, The University of Manchester.
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UKSG Serial Resource Management for 21st Century
Getting Technical - LinkingGetting Technical - Linking
Ross MacIntyre
MIMAS
University of Manchester
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A mixed bag of jargon
• The basics of the web • Linking
– D.I.Y. – DOI– CrossRef – OpenURL
• Open Archives Initiative – ‘e-prints’• Usage statistics
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How does the Web work?
3 simple protocols:
Data FormatsHTML (HyperText Markup Language) provides the data format for native documents
AddressingURLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an addressing mechanism for web resources
TransportHTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines transfer of resources between client and server
Data FormatHTML
AddressingURL
TransportHTTP
(currently)
Brian Kelly, Web-Focus, UKOLN
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The Netsoft home page
1 User clicks on link to the address (URL)http://www.netsoft.com/hello.html
2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD):Connect to computer at www.netsoft.com
GET /hello.html
3 Remote computer sends file<HTML><TITLE>Welcome</TITLE>..<P>Welcome to <B>Netsoft</B>
Welcome toNetsoft
4 Local computer displays HTML file
Web Browser
Web server
How does the Web work?
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Linking – what’s required?
• User - ‘easy’
• Library - accurate
• Publishers - secure
• Intermediary - standard
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Linking Mechanisms
URL-based include:• explicit filename
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue24/intro.html
• derived filename, e.g. ISSN, SICIhttp://www.jstor.ac.uk/journals/10624783.html
• script, e.g. http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=get-
abstract&issn=00129658&volume=077&issue=08&page=2302
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Linking Mechanisms
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI):
• A unique identifier assigned to a digital object.
• A way of accessing an object (e.g. a full text article) without having to know its URL - the DOI identifies the object itself, not the place where it is stored.
• Persistent - as long as the object exists, so does the DOI.
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DOI: Dumb Old Identifier
“Dumb” number - doesn’t relate to the object, couldn’t be guessed - like a phone number.
10.1000/123456789
Prefix - given to the rights owner e.g. the publisher
Suffix - any unique alphanumeric string
e.g. 10.1074/jbc.M004545200
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CrossRef/DOI resolution
References
MetadataDOI
DOI link
URL to
Publisher
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/57.1.95
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OpenURL
Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO:
"One message we hear is that the new business model will be enabled by information technology with standards at the core. This is where NISO fits in. …over five hundred years ago Guttenberg fundamentally changed communication and learning.
Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards that will enable the modern day Gothenburg Moment. Could it be the OpenURL?"
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OpenURL format ::= Base URL ? Query
Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i.e. the address to which the OpenURL is being sent
http://LinkFinderPlus.library.edu?genre=article&issn=1234-5678&volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8&date=1998&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul
Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to identify and link to appropriate targets
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“NOU” linking
Link Source
Link Destination
Link .Resource Resource
Resolution of Links
Provision of Links
* NOU – non OpenURL
Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris
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OpenURL linking
Link Source
OpenURL.Resource
Resource
Service
Component
Resolver/Link Server
Provision of Hooks Resolution into Links
Context Sensitive
Link Destination
Link Link
DestinationLink
Link Destination
Link Link
DestinationLink Hook
Appropriate
Oren Beit-Arie, ExLibris
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The OpenURL in Action
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Getting technical
Pig courtesy of Tom Bishop, Royal College of Surgeons
All sorted then?
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Use of OpenURL Technology(in ‘ac.uk’)
• Maximise use of (appropriate) e-resources1. to increase use of (their) e-journals 2. provide links from bibliographic resources
• Help with e-journal management – please!• All sources possible, targets limited to major
‘bundled’ deals – ‘slowly & accurately’• Launch ‘quickly but quietly’See ‘Talking Shop’ reports at http://www.mimas.ac.uk/metadata/ITAM/sfx.htmlAlso, comparison of SFX, SIRSI, LinkFinder+ and 1Cate in:“Context-sensitive Linking: It’s a Small World After All”, Collins & Ferguson, SerialsReview, Volume 28, Issue 4, Winter 2002, Pages 267-282.http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/S0098-7913(02)00221-6
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The Open Archives Initiative
• 1999 Universal Preprint Service (UPS)
• Multi-disciplinary collection of technical reports, conference papers, articles, e-print servers, etc.
• Services provided on “harvested metadata”
• Data Providers / Service Providers
• Sharing versus searching
• OAI is only about metadata – not full text
• OAI is neutral about nature of metadata and the resources described
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OAI Metadata Harvesting Framework
• Simple mechanism for sharing metadata records • Records shared over the web (ie HTTP as XML)
• ‘Client’ can ask metadata server for – all records – all records modified in last ‘n’ days – info about sets, formats, etc.
• Specific application: self-archiving via e-print servers in/for all institutions
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• Consistent, Credible & Compatible Usage Statistics
• Code of Practice for:– Data elements to be measured – Definitions of these data elements – Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity– Methods for measurement and use
• AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDItEUR, JISC, NCLIS, NISO, PA, STM, UKSG
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DOI – http://www.doi.orgCrossRef – http://ww.crossref.org/
OpenURL (via SFX site) – http://www.sfxit.com/OAI – http://www.openarchives.org/e-prints – http://www.eprints.org/
COUNTER – http://www.projectCounter.org/
email: ross.macintyre@man.ac.uk
web: http://www.mimas.ac.uk/
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