UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com.
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UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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The First Slide
How I came here
What I’d like to describe:
Games I’ve knownas first time useras designer, programmer, produceras father of twinsas director of research for Apple’s Advanced Technology Groupas videogame producer
The Knowledge Community Pitch
Game’s I’m Learning About as an Education Program Consultant to Foundations
Some things I’ve learned:it’s all about the rulesit’s all about the storiesits all about the players
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as first-time user
Animal (Twenty Questions)• early 70’s, Kiewit Hall, Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS)• an algorithm + an animal + a community = a menagerie• managing the zoos (scrubbing)
Football• programmed by John Kemeny, RA to Albert Einstein, co-inventor of BASIC, President of Dartmouth College• this is not the Pac 10
Adventure• with Hunt the Wumpus, the roots of MMORPG• character development is in your head
SimCity• Created by Will Wright and discovered by Jeff Braun• Based on a theory of urban ecology (hint: love light rail)
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as a designer, programmer, producer (This, These, Things Like That)
Tribunal and Demogame/Demoform/Demo…• designed and programmed in mid-seventies on DTSS• a very specific historical concept (revisionism) and an orthodoxy toolkit
The Would-Be Gentleman (FAD and Carolyn Lougee)• wrapped in social history of the era of Louis XIV (very consuming)• sequel 2003 a simulation engine (funded by ALLL)
The TheaterGame (Charles Kerns and Larry Friedlander)• solution for the “Shakespeare is not just a …”• extended individual performance into an all-role work product to share
Mogul (Charles Kerns and Henry Breitrose)• apprenticeship in the early movie industry, staff Adolph Zuckor• emotional investment without historical liberties
Shogai (coming of age in Japan) & Alias (social science simulation toolkit)• Harumi Befu and Brodie Lockard (mid-eighties, born of the age of the Mac and Hypercard)
• specific cultural context, generalized authoring environment (but needed coder)
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as a father of twins (N > 1)
Cosmic Osmo• published in 1989 by Cyan, distributed by Activision• developed by creators of Man Hole, a Hypercard-based product, and then Myst• my interest: mousing for two
Guess-A-Sketch• produced by Digiplaent about 1997; closed down, reinvented in 2001• my interest: socializing with the world (2x10=20)
American Idol• Fox Television, 2002-present, Simon Cowell, executive producer• my interest: my daughters participating in a small and a humongous community of players.
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as Director of Education Research at Apple’s Advanced Technology Group (when there was one)
Visual Almanac• published in 1989 by Apple’s San Francisco Multimedia Laboratory• collection of multimedia objects and tools for teachers & kids to create with• real attempt to get what digital media kids might use to express themselves
Aspen Kids Project• summer of 1990 at International Design Conference• kids making collections of multimedia objects and manipulating them
Wireless Coyote• produced in 1991 by Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow (ACOT)• kids in a canyon with all sorts of toys with which to do science
MediaFusion• produced in 1992 by Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow (ACOT) (software by Rick Borovoy, now Ph.D. from MIT/Media Lab [see iBall] and co-founder of nTag)
• kids on opposite sides of the continent talking issues
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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What’s My Story?™
GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as videogame producer
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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What?• CDROM published in 1995 by Digital Pictures, distributed by Brøderbund (back then, one of CDROM Today’s “Best 100 Discs Ever”)• collection of movies of eight folk tales• Individual story elements (scenes looped at cut represented by first frame)• series of Story building exercises (e.g, pick a character, what is that character’s worst fear, how does that character overcome their worst fear)• children’s tales captured in audio while selected scenes are knit together• music and sound effects studio collection• designed for non-readers
Why?• help children learn to tell stories by giving them characters in context, exercises to practice and rich media accompaniment• story tellers learn stories more avidly• kids building stories alone or together have a lot of fun!• to offset Sewer Shark, Night Trap, etc.
GAMES I’VE KNOWN… as videogame producer
What’s My Story?™
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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What?• middleware wizards wanted to do education; VC’s said, “corporate training”• Executive education play• three generations of collaborative platform, integrated Duke’s DEEP• IDEO collaborated on for time-based, self-paced, tool-oriented content• Software Development Kit (SDK) for design, development and production
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH
Pensare Knowledge Community
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Communities Abound
FROM, “Learning Together, Working Better,” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D., Chief Learning Architect, Pensare, Inc., Kompetanse 2001, Oslo, Norway, 1 February 2001”
• Technology does not create communities, but, communities absorb technology
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Communities Abound
• Gathering places have become virtual
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Communities Abound
• Exchange is its own reward
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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(Amy Jo Kim, Community Building on the Web)
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Community Strategies
• Define and articulate your PURPOSE• Build flexible, extensible gathering PLACES• Create meaningful and evolving member
PROFILES• Design for a range of ROLES• Develop a strong LEADERSHIP program• Encourage appropriate ETIQUETTE• Promote cyclic EVENTS• Integrate the RITUALS of community life• Facilitate member-run SUBGROUPS
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:A Listening Post
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:A Sales Convention without the Bar
See, also, Leadership MUD
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:An Executive Retreat without the Golf
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Architecting learning together for better work
• Platform as Medium• Content as Catalyst• Tools as Learning• Contributions as Centerpiece• Collaboration as Value going Forward
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Where things are timely and relevant to work
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Platform as Medium
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Where others know things you would like to
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Platform as Medium
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• A place that complements the classroom
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Platform as Medium
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
• Content created with scholars and practitioners
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Content is “chunked” to be accessible everyday
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Content fits within technical and cognitive limits
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Delivered to evoke insights into work life
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Tools are designed to reinforce, capture, be useful
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Tools work for you when you can do more or less
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Content as Catalyst
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Contributions represent learning and work captured
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Contributions as Centerpiece
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Contributions as Centerpiece
• Tagging the contribution makes it accessible
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Profiling puts people in touch with their works
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Contributions as Centerpiece
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• Experts judge when they can, colleagues every day
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Collaboration as Value Going Forward
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• A comment is worth a dozen contributions
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Collaboration as Value Going Forward
[See, also, CSILE
from OISE:
www.oise.utoronto.ca]
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• When it can’t wait, there is chat
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Collaboration as Value Going Forward
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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• As it evolves, there is threaded discussion
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Collaboration as Value Going Forward
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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Unlike the meeting, the convention, the retreat, a knowledge community is a process, not an event. People continue to learn to work better together.
THE KNOWLEDGE COMMUNITY PITCH:Conclusions
See, also, ChangeCompanion www.changecompanion.com
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’M LEARNING ABOUT… as an Education Program Consultant to Foundations
Immersive and Pervasive Games
Pervasive games (Can You See Me Now? B.U.G. (Big Urban Game), …)• USE mobile and embedded technologies in novel ways• FOR location specific & contest aware challenges & interactions• TO CREATE mixed, augmented, or adjacent realities
Immersive games (The Beast, Majestic, … )ALL THAT, IN SERVICE OF • unbounded, unframed, open-ended [play] in everyday wrap• massive goal or solving a sprawling mystery cooperatively• alternate realities ….
Unfiction [in direct opposition to Machinima, but what a story; cf. non-fiction according to Star Wars Galaxies]
“The Runaway Game: Spectacle and Performance in Networked Play,” Jane McGonigal, UCB Center for New Media, at Story Engines: Storytelling and Computer Games, Stanford U., 2/6/04.
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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GAMES I’M LEARNING ABOUT… as an Education Program Consultant to Foundations
Designing Social Interaction in Games: core mechanic, magic circle, lusory attitude, the metagame (and “chording the controller”)
MMRPS – Massively Multiplayer Rock-Paper-Scissors
There.com: User-Created Content and the Metagame (e.g.,TRLG, AdBo)
World Game Player Lifecycle: Confusion, Excitement, Involvement, Boredom (www.costik.com)
Rich Bartle’s Player Types: Achievement, Exploration, Socializing, Imposition (www.mud.co.uk.richard/hcds.htm)
Nick Yee, MMORPG motivation: Achievement, Immersion, Socialization, and Escapism(“The Demographics of Motivation”: www.nickyee.com/daedalus/archives/000753,php)
“Multiplayer Play: Designing Social Interaction in Games,” Katie Salen, Eric Zimmerman, Greg Costikyan, Kira Snyder, IGDC2004
UCB SIMS INFOSYS 208B: Analysis of Information Organizations: “Analyzing Play and Games as Information Systems.” Michael P. Carter, Ph.D. 3/29/04 carter@best.com
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The Last Slide
This, These, Things Like This (aka SDK, Mods, Thereware)
N > 1
Technology will catch up to people
Follow the story
Online communities are made, not born (someone designed them)
The future is the users (Jaron’s law)
it’s all about the rulesit’s all about the storiesits all about the players
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