Uber mobility - Build & Release

Daniel Liem & Chirayu Krishnappa

Ship Fast & Stable @ Uber Scale

11.1.2016

99.99%

● Have a dedicated Release team

● Aggressive weekly release cadence

● Build cuts (CI) from Master

● Nightly (alpha) vs. Beta / Production builds

● Internal beta dogfooding vs. External Beta testing

● FF (Feature Flagging) wherever possible

● Avoid alphafixes, betafixes, hotfixes & rollbacks

● Soft Upgrades vs. Force Upgrades

Our Process

Staged Rollouts

Android

Staged Rollouts

iOS Sanity Tests / Patches

Android Sanity Tests / Patches

Staged Rollouts

Upload to iTunes, enable Testflight

(Weekend dogfooding)

β channel(Weekend

dogfooding)

Staged Rollouts

Wait for Approval

β channel(Weekend

dogfooding)

Staged Rollouts (1% → 10% → 50% → 100%)

Staged Rollouts

Launch 100%(All users at once!)

Wait for Approval

β channel(Weekend

dogfooding)

Staged Rollouts (1% → 10% → 50% → 100%)

(Partner app only)Soft Upgrade + Force Upgrade

How many apps?

How many teams?

Developers!

How long does it take to “deploy to production”?

Build, sign, and more.

Mostly deterministic.

Submit to App Store for approval

WAIT … !

Approved! Now what?

WAIT … !

Your users will upgrade…eventually.

http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=139317&picture=snail-man

Not the speed of your mobile app

Speed of deployment

Speed of reactions when you discover issues

Speed of rollbacks.

What are rollbacks?

How many versions of your app are out there?

Adoption across versions

Need for a trusted system

Goal: Develop at full speed!

High quality bar!

Goal: Develop at full speed

High quality bar!Goal: Develop at full speed

Because slow to deploy/rollback

Signals

Soon to be 100s of signals

Signals

How can you stay on top?

How do you react to these signals?

Ticketing system at the core

If there’s a failure that should block the train, there’s a ticket for it.

Block specific versions

Verify patched versions

Track mitigation tasksWeekly reports

Intelligent Subsystemscrash detection at alpha stages vs. production

Every alpha crash gets a

ticket

Feature Flagging

Automate to track features per version and turn off

based on classified crashes

Reminders

E.g. When a new build is ready

(also in-app “upgrade” notifications)

Notifications/Alerts

We’re pushing at 4pm

It’s 2pm and we have new / unresolved tickets.

Production alerts are separate

e.g. Spike in crashes, E2E,App Store ratings dropped.

https://pixabay.com/en/go-button-3d-icon-sign-symbol-1067074/

Stage Everything

Rollout to employees

Test flight, alpha, beta channels

Stage Everything

Alpha channel rollout?

Stage it. 1%, 10%, 50% 100%

Stage Everything

In app upgrade prompt?

Stage that too! 1%, 10%, 100%.

In a nutshell…

Deploys are slowCollect all signalsTicketing at core

Automated remindersAd hoc notifications / alerts

Thank you

Proprietary and confidential © 2016 Uber Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from Uber. This document is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to whom it is addressed and contains information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise exempt from disclosure under applicable law. All recipients of this document are notified that the information contained herein includes proprietary and confidential information of Uber, and recipient may not make use of, disseminate, or in any way disclose this document or any of the enclosed information to any person other than employees of addressee to the extent necessary for consultations with authorized personnel of Uber.

Ship Fast & Stable @ Uber Scale

Daniel Liem & Chirayu Krishnappa

Building At Uber ScaleLike a ‘BAUS’

Robbert van Ginkel & Gautam Korlam11.1.2016

Overview

Challenges with mobile development at scale

Team Size

Build Time

Infrastructure

Improving Developer Experience while tackling scale

Architecture

Workflow

Tooling

Mobile Scale @ Uber

Several Hundred Mobile Developers

Hundreds of commits daily

50% of code changes every month

Shared modular codebase with hundreds of modules

Team Size

Commits

Architecting for Scale

Code architectureFeatures are built as Plugins and shared between apps

Code infrastructure and toolingMonorepo helps with modularization and sharing

Regressions block the whole teamAlways keep master green

Guard as much as possible at compile timeFail fast

Workflow at Scale

Asynchronous change mergingSubmit queueStacked Diffs

Run expensive code quality checks pre mergeUI TestsDeep static analysis - Infer etc.Performance regressions on real devices - cold start, battery, network etc.

Build Time

Waiting for builds...

With more modules, come more problems

Build Tools Scaling Issues

CocoapodsDoes not scale well with more targets (15 min pod install time)

XcodeIncorrect incremental builds (non deterministic and hard to debug)Xcode project file merge conflicts

GradleDoes not scale well with large android projects (15 min for a single line change)Android Studio performance degrades

Building at Scale

Both iOS and Android use Buck to build at UberIncremental everywhereScale non exponentially as more code is addedCache immutable state - avoid rebuildingTransparent Dependency ManagementWorks well for monorepoiOS - Clean ~4x faster, Incremental ~20x fasterAndroid - Clean ~6x faster, Incremental ~30x fasterRemote Build Cache

Infrastructure

Uber’s CI Infrastructure

CI capacity needs increased exponentially400+ Busy Executors on CI hourly50k+ CI Jobs run per day

CI Executors with Time

Optimizing the CI Pipeline

Perform relevant checks at the right stageCode Formatting - pre diffBuild, Unit Tests - diffUI, Static Analysis - pre merge

Use CI resources effectivelyRemote build artifact cachingBuild in elasticity to meet peak demand

Open Source

Projects to Watch

OkBuck - Gradle plugin that lets you use gradle projects with buckBuck Http Cache - A distributed build artifact cache serviceComing soon: Swift Support in Buck

https://github.com/uber/buck-http-cache

1https://github.com/uber/okbuck , Slide Deck

Takeaway

Invest in the right build tools early onScaling hardware only works till a certain pointHaving shared workflow/tools across platforms helps a lot in the long run

Fail earlier and keep master always green

Scaling the Build Process at UberRobbert van Ginkel & Gautam Korlam

Thank You

In-product features for release engineers

Christian Legnittochristian@pocketship.com

↑ ↑ ↑http://www.pocketship.com

In-product features for release engineers

In-product

ReleaseEnginee

ProductEnginee

Empathy

Agency

Fix Release Engineering pain

Gain more code context and

confidence

Improve Release Engineering

processes

Influence company direction

Reciprocal

Empathy

Build times and CI turnaround

Tests, test infrastructure, and

tooling

Release process overhead

Shipping to the world

Reciprocal

Empathy

“One of us”

Specific features

Specific featuresCompany

Product

Release

Crash, OOM, hang reporting

Telemetry / analytics

Feature flags (A/B testing)

if (whatever) { doA();} else { doB();}

Bug reporter

Promotion framework

Test the next version of FacebookGet access to new features and

bugfixes before everyone else.

Promotion framework

Automatic employee updater

React Native

JS Bundle

React Native

JS Bundle

JS Bundle↑

React Native

WebViews

Version number scheme

Version number schemev20

#5001#5002#5003#5004#5005#5006

14 APKs

Version number schemev20

#5001#5002#5003#5004#5005#5006

#5046#5047#5048#5049#5050#5051

Ship production weekly

Slow rollout

Alpha and beta

Internal employee dogfooding

Version number scheme100.0.0.20.70

Major version

Hotfix

Major version Hotfix

Major version Hotfix Beta

Major version Hotfix Beta Alpha

ReleaseEnginee

ProductEnginee

ReleaseEnginee

ProductEnginee

Christian Legnittochristian@pocketship.com

THE DARK SIDE OF ENTERPRISE SWIFTJacek Suliga Mobilize @ LinkedIn🍺

Builds Perf& App Size

LaunchPerformance

MaintenanceCost

Builds Perf & App Size

LaunchPerformance

MaintenanceCost

8-23 MB10-30%

20% slower

LaunchPerformance

MaintenanceCost

WWDC 2016, 406, “Optimizing app startup time”

LaunchPerformance

MaintenanceCost

OpenSourc

Swift 3migratio

nparty

Any Questions?!

Automating Mobile Releases

Rachel Brindle

TERMS• User: Someone who uses your app.

• Environment: Place where a user can download your app

• Staging: HockeyApp, Testflight, etc.

• Production: Enterprise MDM, App Store, Play Store

• Automated Deployment: Using CI to push to environment

Processz

• Frees up the deployer to do other things

• Consistent deploys

• Shorter release cycle

• Documents

$ git pushpushed g4edeff4$ # wait$ rake check_if_deployedLatest is g4edeff4

• Make sure tests pass

• Build for release

• Gather metadata

• Screenshots

• Release Notes

• Other?

• Upload to environment

• Make sure tests pass

• Build for release

• Gather metadata

• Screenshots

• Release Notes

• Other?

• Upload to environment

Uber mobility - Build & Release

Mobile

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