“Typical application areas for different types of ...ieema.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/LFE_DR_IGOR_GUTMAN.pdf · “Typical application areas for different types of insulators;

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“Typical application areas for different types of insulators; optimal

selection of insulators including pollution testing”

Igor Gutman, STRI, Sweden

Different types of insulators

• Glass cap-and-pin: hundreds mln.

• Porcelain cap-and-pin: hundreds mln.

• RTV-coated cap-and-pin: thousands

• Porcelain longrod: 1,5-2 mln.

• Semi-conducting glaze longrod

• Composite longrod: 20 mln. 2

Market trends (Pigini, INMR Congress-2013)

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Increase of reliability in China: Guan, INMR Congress-2013

• Comparison 2010/2013:

• Glass cap-and-pin: 6x10-4/4x10-4 (+30%)

• Porcelain cap-and-pin: 2x10-4/1x10-4 (+50%)

• Porcelain longrod: 7x10-4/4x10-4 (+40%)

• Composite longrod: 4x10-4/2x10-4 (+50%)

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All insulators have own niches:Guan, INMR Congress-2013

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Criteria for comparison set by FGC in Russia

• Maturity of technology

• Amount in service and trends for increase

• Reliability

• Transport and installation

• Application in:

• New lines and refurbishment projects

• Clean areas

• Polluted areas

• Iced and snow areas

• DC

• EHV/UHV 6

Estimation for line insulators

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Estimation for apparatus insulators

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Reliability of line composite insulators(CIGRE)

• Mature technology with exponential market increase

• Agreed on definition of failure (cannot hold electrically/mechanically)

• Consensus on reliability of modern composite insulators at the same level as glass insulators, i.e. 10-5 - 10-6

0

5

10

15

20

25

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

millio

ns

Year

HV AC LINE COMPOSITES

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Reliability of apparatus compositeinsulators (CIGRE)

• Mature technology with exponential market increase

• The penetration of polymeric housings for apparatus is increasing with market growth of the order of 10-20%.

• The experience from service and test stations is generally positive

• Other benefits should be taken into account, such as explosion proof and seismic performance

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

mill

ion

s

Year

HV AC COMPOSITE HOUSING

Example-1 of CLOSE LOOK collection(Line insulators: CIGRE Session 2000-2002)

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• 279 insulators

• 36 power companies

No material ageing,

just quality control issues

Example-2 of CLOSE LOOK collection(Test stations: CIGRE Session 2004)

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Very low ageing

Example-3 of CLOSE LOOK collection(Service inspections: CIGRE Symposium 2013)

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• In majority of cases nodeterioration or surfacemarks were observed

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Application of composite insulators in cleanareas

• No dominant type as standard insulator in clean areas

• Always perform Life Cycle Cost analysis

• Almost dominant solution in China:

• 37,0% Composite

• 37,7% Porcelain

• 25% Glass

• Almost dominant solution in USA

• Special compact designs:

• Reduced E/B fields

• Aesthetic view

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Application of composite insulators in pollutedareas

• Typical application even for VERY HEAVY contamination (max ESDD/NSDD 1,8/8 mg/cm2:

• UAE

• Iran

• Oman

• Qatar

• Saudi Arabia

• Tunisia

• Sri Lanka

• China

• South Africa

• Italy

• Peru

• Should be properly dimensioned

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Application of composite insulators for EHV/UHV

• Line insulators:

• General concept for 800 kV DC OHL in China are composite insulators

• Composite insulators considered for 765 kV AC OHL in South Africa

• Station insulators:

• Widely applied for 1100-1200 kV AC

• The only alternative for 800-1200 kV DC

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Service experience of line compositeinsulators at DC is positive

• Experience from:

• USA

• China

• South Africa

• Brazil

• New Zealand

• Namibia

• Norway

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Application of composite apparatus insulators• In Sweden (partially Norway) new

substations are completely in composite

• Explosion-proof is a key driving force

• Results world-wide:

• Service experience positive

• Ageing performance: good, slower, if any, compared to composite line insulators

• Pollution performance: better than for porcelain insulators

• Ice and snow performance: approximately the same as for porcelain insulators

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Diagnostics

Diagnostic type Ground Bucket truck

Tower Air

Visual YES YES YES YES

IR YES YES YES YES

UV YES YES YES YES

E-field NO NO YES NO

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Maintenance-based diagnostics (China)

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Summary

• Different types of insulators have theirown niches in service

• There is no war between differenttypes of insulators, they complementeach other

• Typical application areas for linecomposite insulators are:• Pollution areas

• Special designs of towers in all areas ofcontamination

• DC

• Conversion from AC to DC

• Composite apparatus insulators mightbe dominating type in a long run

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Optimal pollution dimensioning

• Historical overview of IEC/CIGRE pollution test methods intended for polymeric insulators

• Present status of pollution test method for polymeric insulators based on findings within CIGRE Round Robin Test program performed by WG C4.303

Insulator Selection Tool (IST) followed IEC 60815

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CIGRE-1999

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Dust Cycle Method (DCM)representative/repeatable, reproducible???

Italy, Japan, Russia, USA

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Dry Salt Layer (DSL)representative/repeatable, reproducible???

Fans

Salt injectionsystem

Referenceglass plates

Door

RH and Temp.measuring

Wind direction

Testobject

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CIGRE-2000

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“No agreed test methods areavailable for predicting thepollution performance of apolymeric insulator undergiven site conditions and theCIGRE Task Force 33.04.07,“Testing of polymericinsulators“, is dealing with thisproblem”

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CIGRE-2008

“From some published information arecommended modified version of theSolid Layer test is outlined for polymericinsulators in which the varioushydrophobicity cases, from “worst”through “intermediate” to “best”, could bedetermined by increasing the elapsedtime between the insulator being pollutedto it being tested.”

Round Robin Test program-CIGRE WG C4.303-

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• Insulators 145 kV

• Thirteen participating HV laboratories (seven done the test and 8 done pollution)

• One ESDD level

• With/without recovery

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CIGRE-2013: conclusions

1. “The whole test procedure fits CIGRE/IEC requirements for the test method which includes representativity, repeatability, reproducibility and acceptable performance/cost ratio”

2. “There are however still a number of aspects that warrant further consideration”