Typhoid Fever
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Typhoid FeverVincent Klokman
Classic Symptoms–Slow, Progressive Fever–Profuse sweating–Gastroenteritis
Centers for Disease Control Public Heath Image Library
Typhoid Fever is caused By the Bacterium Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi is a motile, gram-negative facultative
anaerobe.
A Fecal-Oral Route of Transmission Spreads Typhoid Fever
Asymptomatic Carriage Can Spread Typhoid Fever to Many People
Salmonella Virulence due to:
Invasiveness Intracellular survival & multiplication Endotoxin Cytotoxins
FoodPoisonJournal.comCred. Drew Falkenstein
Endotoxin inLPS layer(fever)
O antigenH antigen
Vi capsule antigen
Cytotoxin
Type 1 fimbriae(adherence)
Enterotoxin(diarrhea)
Siderophores
Virulenceplasmid
Virulence Factors and ToxinsBrock: Figure 28.17
World Distribution of Typhoid Fever is largely in Developing Nations
WHO
With prompt antibiotic therapy, more than 99% of the people with typhoid fever are cured.
Oral and Injectable Vaccines Are Available
Vi capsule antigen;Inhibits complement binding
Virulenceplasmid
Brock: Figure 28.17
The Typhoid Vaccine is not Very Effective
Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.
Simple HygieneWashing canInstances of
and handreduce severalTyphoid Fever
References• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta (GA):
A.D.A.M., Inc.; c1997-2012. Typhoid Fever; [last reviewed 2011 Jun 9; cited 2012 Mar 6]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002308/
• Brock Biology of Microorganisms. San Francisco (Calif.): Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009. Print.
• Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.
• Merck Manual• Taber’s Medical Encyclopedia• CDC• WHO• Fraser A, Goldberg E, Acosta CJ, Paul M, Leibovici L (2007).
"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD001261.
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