Transcript
Skimming and Scaning Extracting information and
salient point of a given text
Topic :Topic :
© Usman_younas
Type of ReadingType of Reading
Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension SkillsSkills
Sk i m m i n g a n d Sc a n n i n g
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What is Skimming?
Generally speaking skimming refers to removing the thickest layer of milk to cut off its fats.
In academics, skimming is a reading (sub-)skill in which a reader quickly goes through a text in order to get the gist and general idea or information.
Quickly identify main ideas of a text Skimming is 3 to 4 times faster regular reading Used when there is a lot of material and a short amount of time Also called rapid-survey reading
Skimming helps Overall purpose Central idea Organizational pattern Main points Author’s intention-to describe, narrate, report, explain, discuss etc
S k i m m i n g
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Skimming in EvEryday LifE
When we are looking at a newspaper, we are actually skimming. We do not read every word-instead we skim it to get a general idea of what the main articles are about. We might use the headlines, photographs, and captions to help us decide if we want to delve further into a particular article or skip it and search further.
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T e c h n i q u e s o f S k i m m i n g
Read the title-it is the shortest possible summary of the content Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph Read the first paragraph completely If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationship
among them Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph
a) the main idea of most paragraphs appears in the first sentence
b) if the author’s pattern is to begin with a question or anecdote, you may find the last sentence more valuable.
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Types of skimming
Skimming to overview-the purpose of this method is to get an outline of what the material is about. You will be looking more at structure than content.
Skimming to preview-this is used when you know you are going to re-read the material. Your purpose is to gather as much background information as you can on the subject without too much time on it.
Skimming to review-you would use this method when you have already read the material and your purpose is to re-familiarize yourself with the content.
(Konstant, 2003: p.35)
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Slight: By practically ignoring unimportant, linking words-words like the, a , for with to, on, it. etc.
Partial: By picking up the significant relative details also.
Complete: By being concerned only with the main idea.
Degrees of skimming
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Activity
Read the following passage quickly and answer the questions given at the end Time: 30 seconds
Gerber (1998: p.50)
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1) Geologic time
2) second
3) 4,600 million years
4) 4.6 billion years
Now answer these questions:
SCANNING
DEFINATION:
Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.
Used to search for key terms When you know what you are looking for you can through texts
to find the information Good to use when determining whether a source will have the
answers you are looking for
What do we scan in our daily life ? Dictionary Telephone Directory Time table TV Schedule
A particular date in a book etc.
SCANNING
Examples of Scanning: A google search list on the internet. A bus / airplane schedule A conference guide A graph
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EXAMPLES:
S c a n n i n g E x a m p l e
Find and circle the following words in thispassage .
As quickly as possible:
CLEVER HOME UNITE DISTRESS MARRIAGE EARLY
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with acomfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unitesome of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearlytwenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.
She was the youngest of two daughters of a mostaffectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of hersister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a veryearly period.
Steps for scanning
Look for key words, or words that are repeated. Look for definitions. Look for highlighted words, eg words in bold or italic. Look for numbers, eg dates and statistics. Look for examples, including diagrams.
Scanning helps: You use this technique when you are really in a hurry to find
specific information from a text, or when using a dictionary, reading through an index or content list, or browsing through TV schedules.
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Difference between skimming and scanning
In skimming the reader goes through a text quickly, not noting every word but trying to get the main idea of what the text is about. This is sometimes called getting the gist of the text.
Scanning involves searching for a particular piece of information in a text, such as looking for a particular name or a particular number.
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Practice
Scan the article carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
Time 30 seconds
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extensive reading
- reading for pleasure any topic of interest - main purpose: to relax and enjoy yourself -Thing we read: comics, humorous stories,
tales, novels, short articles in the newspapers and magazines, jokes, and other forms of light reading materials
E x t e n s i v e A c t i v i t e s
Interview each other about their reading. Reading may be combined with a writing component. For
example, after reading the newspaper, students may beasked to write a newspaper report.
Class time reading Students may set their own goals for their next session. A reading log (recording number of pages read and at
whatlevel) A reflection on what they noticed about their own reading A book report or summary A retelling of part of the text
I n t e n s i v e R e a d i n g
Careful or in-depth reading You read for details and extract specific info on
particular topics The kind of reading you do when you study, prepare
a term paper, or an oral report Has several techniques or sub-types:
scanning, skimming, exploratory reading, study reading, critical reading, and analytical reading
I n t e n s i v e A c t i v i t i e s
Identify main ideas and details Making inferences Looking at the order of information and how it
effects the message Identifying words that connect one idea toanother Identifying words that indicate change from one
section to another Mostly teacher use this metord of reading
Salient Point of a text
Salient means something that stands out, so the salient text would be text that was done in bold-face or some other font or face that would make it stand out from the rest of the text.
For example:
You will sometimes see a couple of pages of description in a text book, followed by two or three bullets (those little round black circles that sit in the middle of the space, above the line) that summarize what the previous pages have said. It's like a repeat , to remind you of what you just read.
Some times it is done the other way the first giving the salient facts, then the pages of discussion about those facts follow. Like context
Sometimes the salient facts are not separated out physically, but when you read the paragraph, one line will stand out in your mind. It is usually a key piece of information.
Salient Point ExamplesSalient Point Examples
R e v i e w i n g ( c o n c l u s i o n )
Reading: To look at carefully so as to understand the meaning of (something written, printed, etc.)
Components of reading are: 1. Decoding 2. Comrehension 3. Retention
Comprehension Reading : the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language.
Intensive Reading involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. It can be compared with extensive reading, which involves learners reading texts for enjoyment and to develop general reading skills.
Example:The learners read a short text and put events from it into chronological order.
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In the classroom:
Intensive reading activities include skimming a text for specific information to answer true or false statements or filling gaps in a summary, scanning a text to match headings to paragraphs, and scanning jumbled paragraphs and then reading them carefully to put them into the correct order.
Generaly Meanings: Extracting: obtain or take out something by a special method or skill.
Salient: most noticeable or important word’s or wording in the text
Cont.. Reviewing (conclusion)
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