Työaikaisen liikenneturvallisuuden parantaminen

© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi 07.04.23

Työaikaisen liikenneturvallisuudenparantaminenSimo Salminen

© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi

WORK-RELATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

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© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi

TYÖLIIKENNEKUOLEMAT

Vuosina 1975-1994 puolet työkuolemista liikenteessä (joko työmatkalla tai työaikana liikenteessä)Tilanne ei ole muuttunut, vain tilastointi on0-tapaturmaa ajattelu: Kukaan ei kuole tai loukkaannu vakavasti työssä

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Työliikenne- vs. työmatkatapaturmat

Työaikana liikenteessä Työmatkalla-miehet -naiset-50-65 v. -50-65 v.

(yli 50v. naisilla 2,5)-95% autolla -kevyt & julkinen

liik-tammikuussa -tammikuussa-klo 13-15 -klo 7-9, 15-17-toimihenkilöt, avainhenkilöt-kaikki työssäkäyvät

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Työaikana liikenteessä

tilastokeskuksen työvoimatutkimus 1995, n=5150

päivittäin 24,5%viikoittain 18,8%kerran kuussa 9,5%600 000 työasioissa liikenteessä päivittäin

miehet, 35-54 v., kuljetus, kaivos – ja rakennusala, maa- ja metsätyö, kaupallinen työ

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Työliikenteen riskitekijät

Myynti- ja markkinointihenkilöstö (n=1102, 44%)Rakennustyöläiset (n=741, 30%)Vertailu työ- ja vapaa-ajan liikenteen riskitTyöliikenteessä: kiire, työasiat mielessä, kännykän

käyttö, väsymysVapaa-aika: pysäköintipaikan löytäminen, heikko

fyysinen kunto

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Työaikana liikenteessä

Simo Salminen / 07.04.23 8

AIM

• The aim of this study is to describe two interventions, how companies can improve their personnel traffic safety during work hours.

• These interventions were discussion group method and anticipatory driving.

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Discussion method

• Kurt Lewin during II World War in USA showed that a decision made after group discussion changed attitudes more than a lecture

• To get houseviwes to use internal organs of cows: • After discussion 1/3, after lecture 3%• In Sewing factory, a group discussion increased

productivity by 12 %.

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Misumi's experiments at Japan

45 bus drivers involved in 2 or more collisions in two discussion sessions: the accident rate decreased by 80%

Workers and foremen of the shipyard meet once a week: during 10 years accident rate fell to 3% of the original

The accident rate of the cranemen of the shipyard decreased to the one tenth during 10 years. The most dangerous work task was to load steel pipes onto ships

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Study on Swedish telecom

• 40,000 employees of whom 900 randomly five groups:• Driver training: skid training and commentary driving• Bonus: 6,000 SEK if no crash, each crash -200 SEK• Campaign: five information meetings on current topics• Discussion: three meetings with 8-15 drivers• Control: drive as earlier• The number of accidents decreased driver

training,bonus and discussion groups• When accident costs calculated, the discussion group

most effective

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METHODS

• Electric company responsible for capital area• All 172 electrician participated• Three small group meetings with 7-14 drivers: 19 teams• Meetings lasted 45-60 minutes• Every teams selected one chair who was trained

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FLOW CHART OF DISCUSSION PROCES

First discussion (60 min)- Free discussion about risks and problems in the work-related traffic

Meeting of organizing committee- Classification of problems - Writing of summary

Second discussion (45 min)- Discussion of suggested solutions to problems

Meeting of organizing committee- Suggestions are classified: those to be solved by the teams and those to be solved by the company - Writing of summary

Third discussion (60 min)- Discussion and decision on behavior of team

Meeting of organizing committee- Decision on measures to be taken by the company

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RESULTS 1

First round: 183 problems, average 9.6/team

Second round: 594 suggestions, 33/team

Third round: 53 commitments, 2.8/team

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Results 2: Change on work-related traffic and occupational accidents

• Before Discussion groups After Change

• 1998-2000 2001-2002 2003-2005 %------------------------------------------------------------------18 8 5

-72.273 74 84

+15.1

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Second intervention

• 179 employees participated one-day course • Three hours lectures on anticipatory driving• Four hours driving with their own cars• The course carried out on the empty runway of airport• One year later 61 drivers drove by heavy vehicles

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Experiment on runway of airport

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Methods

• Central measure: audit of work-related traffic• An expert group of 6-10 employees and researchers• Assessment of 39 topic: old tyres of vehicles

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Results: audit

• Table 1. Results of the audit processes

• Time In good Developement In bad• condition required condition• ---------------------------------------------------------------• 2000 10 21 8• 2002 22 15 2• 2004 26 12 1

• Between two first audits: χ2 = 6.4, df = 1, p<0.05

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Results: accidents

• Before After Change• 1998-2000 2002-2004• --------------------------------------------------------------• Occup.accid. 42 51 +21%• On roads 4 6 +50%

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Discussion

• Discussion method used in Japan and Sweden also successful in a Finnish workplace

• Group discussion decreased work-related traffic accidents

• Group pressure maintain the change of driving behavior• Course of anticipatory driving was successful: the

principles were spread to family members• The subjects were electricians: They are like general

drivers with basic skills for driving licence

Työliikennekokeilu Itellassa

• -Kolmen eri menetelmän vertailu• -Tehtiin kolmella eri paikkakunnalla• -Kohteena postiautonkuljettajat (sanomalehdet+kirjeet)

• Ensimmäinen menetelmä: keskusteluryhmä• Kolme keskustelukertaa

Simo Salminen / 07.04.23 22

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Other methods

2) Improved discussion methodBetween second and third round one-day course:Three trainers: influence of drivers on traffic, the

crashes in the company and occupational safety

3) Anticipated driving Lectures three hours: anticipated driving,

readiness to drive and conditions and dimensions of vans and

Driving with a van four hours: braking, the effect of speed and load, driving on curve

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The number of drivers

Discussion group: 40 drivers + 3 supervisorsImproved discussion group: 30 drivers + 3

supervisors Anticipated driving: 30 drivers + 2 supervisors

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Table 1. Work-related crashes before and after intervention

Group Before After Change%-------------------------------------------------------Discussion 25 105 +320Improved discussion 12 4 -67Anticipated driving 12 35 +192-------------------------------------------------------Total 49 144 +194

© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi

Group Before After Change%-------------------------------------------------------Discussion 13.2 11.3 -14.4Improved discussion 10.6 10.3 -2.8Anticipated driving 11.6 12.7 +9.5

Table 2. Fuel consumption (litres/100 km)

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© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi

DISCUSSION

An improved discussion method with selected training superior: both crashes and use of gasoline

Both discussion and improved discussion groups made 120 suggestions to improve driving. Certain person as responsible of the car.

Strength: Workers participated in the decision process. Group pressure maintain the effect.

Weakness: Company and its top management is not necessary as bind as employees

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© Finnish Institute of Occupational Health – www.ttl.fi

DISCUSSION

Liikenne aiheuttaa puolet tapaturmaisista työkuolemistaTyöaikana sattuneet myös yritysten avainhenkilöihinYritykset ja työterveyshuolto pystyvät vaikuttamaanKeskustelumenetelmä täydennettynä kohdistetulla koulutuksella tehokkain menetelmä

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Kiitos!

simo.salminen@ttl.fi

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