Tropical Diseases

S Y M P T O M S A N D T R E AT M E N T

TROPICAL DISEASES & ILLNESSES

HEPATITIS A & B

Symptoms• Nausea & vomiting• Fever• Diarrhea • Jaundice

Hepatitis A & B: General Information• Viral infection of the liver• A is caused by: fecal matter entering the body through direct contact, food, and utensils• B is caused by person-to-person contact

Prognosis & Treatment:• May last several weeks, but most people recover

• Treatment is unspecified (rest & recovery)

TYPHOID FEVER

Symptoms• Week 1: fever, headache, cough and bloody nose• Week 2: high, fluctuating fever; delirium(calm-irritated

rose spots on chest & abdomen• Week 3: high fever; intestinal bleeding; dehydration

delirium (picking at clothes; seeing objects)* fever usually ends at the end of the 3rd week.

Typhoid Fever: General Information• Bacterial infection of the liver• Caused by fecal matter entering the body through food or water

Prognosis & Treatment:• Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin; sometimes surgery

MALARIA

Symptoms• Begin like flu-like symptoms• Fever• Chills & Sweating• Headaches• Fatigue• Nausea & Vomiting• Coughing• Symptoms occur in a cycle (48hrs)

Malaria: General Information• Caused by bite from a mosquito infected with a • parasite

Prognosis & Treatment:• Blood Test; Chloroquine; Doxycycline; Malarone

DENGUE FEVER

Symptoms• Sudden, high fever• Severe headache• Pain behind the eyes• Joint & Muscle pain• Nausea & Vomiting• Skin Rash• Mild bleeding from nose and gums• Easy bruising

Dengue Fever: General Information• Caused by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with the Dengue virus• Symptoms begin 4-6 days after bitten; usually last 10

Prognosis & Treatment:• no anti-viral treatment; lots of fluids and bed rest• Avoid aspirin & anti-inflammatory drugs

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

Symptoms• high fever• headache• diarrhea• muscle pain• Stiffness• Paralysis of some body parts

Japanese E.: General Information• Caused by the bite of a mosquito infected with the virus usually from a bird or pig• Occurs 5-15 days after bitten

Prognosis & Treatment:• no anti-viral treatment

MENINGITIS

Symptoms• General sick feeling• Sudden high temperature• Persistent headache• neck stiffness• nausea & vomiting• confusion or mental changes• Drowsiness• Red/Purple skin rash

Meningitis.: General Information• Caused by bacteria & virus

Prognosis & Treatment:• Begin with antibiotics (penicillin or Ceftriaxone) by IV• possible medication to reduce spinal fluid pressure

RABIES

Symptoms• Fever,• Cough• Sore Throat• Seizures• Hallucinations• Restlessness• Stiff Body

Rabies.: General Information• Viral infection that effects the Central Nervous System caused by the bite of an infected animal

Prognosis & Treatment:• A series of injections known as PEP (postexposure prophylaxis)…. these shots help the body’s immunesystem destroy the disease

TETANUS

Symptoms• begins about 3 weeks after injury• Stiffness of jaw and trouble swallowing• Pain near the wound site• Muscle Spasms (of face)• causes a strained smile

Tetanus: General Information• Starts from an injury or scratch; infection comes from soil or fecal matter

Prognosis & Treatment:• Chances of recovery is poor. • Antibiotics are used for the wound• Chlorpromazine or Diazepam = control muscles

INTESTINAL PARASITES

Symptoms• Stomachache• Chronic Fatigue• Diarrhea• Fever• Dizziness• Weakness• Vomiting & Nausea• Night sweats• Hair loss

Intestinal Parasites: General Information• When contaminated food or water contains organisms that live in the intestins

Prognosis & Treatment:• Anti-Parasitic drugs

CHOLERA

Symptoms• Extreme dehydration• Diarrhea & Vomiting

Cholera: General Information• Infection in the small intestine caused by the cholera bacteria• Caused by eating dirty water or food with fecal matter

Prognosis & Treatment:• Oral Rehydration Therapy• IV Fluids• Antibacterial drugs

TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

Symptoms• Chronic cough• Bloody cough• night sweats• weightless• Loss of appetite

Tuberculosis: General Information• Infectious disease (bacteria) that attacks the lungs• Transmitted easily through body fluids

Prognosis & Treatment:• TB can be active or latent in the body• 4 primary medications:• Isonizid (INH); rifampin (RIF); ethambutol (EMB) pyrazinaminde (PZA)