TRANSNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ZERO WASTE APPLICATION · • Evolution of generation and management of MSW 2001-2009 MSW Generation Separate Collection Mixed MSW 37,6 % 1,54 kg /inhab
Post on 15-Aug-2020
4 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Francesc Giró, Technical Manager
TRANSNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ZERO WASTE APPLICATION
within the framework of zero waste project(1G-MED08-533) “Low Cost Zero Waste Municipality”
Athens, 7 April 2011
Strategies and experiences in Biowaste management in Catalonia
Los
CONTENTS
1.- Catalonia's specific situation 2.- Actions in Catalonia3.- Results 4.- Conclusions
Catalonia is one of the 17 Autonomous Communities (AC) of SpainWhile Spain, as a Member State
of the EU, prepares the basic legislation and is responsible for transposing the FWD,
Catalonia has many delegated competences, like waste managementCatalonia is the only AC that has
implemented the Biowaste separate collection (SC) all over the country
*
*
* Partial ImplementationSource: European Compost Network
1. Catalonia's specific situation
Surface 32.106 km²7.363.202 inhabitants and
946 municipalities, grouped in 41 small regions known as “comarca”The distribution of the
population is very irregular 42 % of the population is
living on 2 % of the surface (around Barcelona)More than 63 %
municipalities (601) have less than 2.000 inhabitants
1. Catalonia's specific situation
• 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain has less than 1,7 % SOM (1 % SOC)
• According to Communication Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, there exists a real risk of desertification for the 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain
Source: Study on organic matter and heavy metals in agricultural soils and grassland in Spain. INIA(MEC), MAPA, MIMAM 2004
1. Catalonia's specific situation
• Evolution of generation and management of MSW 2001-2009
MSW Generation Separate Collection Mixed MSW
37,6 %
1,54 kg /inhab · day
• Near 4.190.000 tonnes of MSW generated in Catalunya (year 2009)
• On average 1,54 kg of MSW per inhabitant and day
1. Catalonia's specific situation
• Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste
Los
Reduction of the amount of biodegradable wastesgoing to landfill in relation to biodegradable waste produced in 1995
2006 reduced to 75% 2009 reduced to 50% 2016 reduced to 35%
Biodegradable wastes:
Food waste Vegetable waste Paper Other
Reduction of:
• CH4• Leachate• Resources Loss• Land use
Options for the fulfilment:
- Biowaste Sep. Collect. + Recycling- MBT for residual waste- Incineration (?)
Without separate collection of biowaste, it is very difficult to get it !!!
1. Catalonia's specific situation
• FW Directive (Directive 2008/98/CE on waste)• Towards a Recycling Society
Los
Member States shall take the necessary measures designed to achieve the following targets:
(a) by 2020, the preparing for re-use and the recycling of waste materials such as at least paper, metal, plastic and glass from households and possibly from other origins … shall be increased to a minimum of overall 50 % by weight
1. Catalonia's specific situation
Food & Vegetable waste represents about 36% , while Glass + Paper + Light Packaging represents 37% (both on weight of MSW produced)
In 2009, the overall separate collection was 37,6%
Without separate collection of biowaste, it is very difficult to get it !!!
• How to get an optimised approach for separate collection of Biowaste?– MANDATES for Biowaste Separate Collection?– TARGETS for Biowaste Separate Collection?– ECONOMIC PRESSURE?– A MIX OF ALL THEM?
• High captures of biowaste• High quality of biowaste (low % impurities)• To avoid the increase of waste generation• Contention of the costs• Fulfil diversion targets of biodegradable
waste of the Landfill Directive• Fulfil target min. of 50% overall recycling
What does mean OPTIMISATION?
1. Catalonia's specific situation
• Directive 2008/98/CE on waste– Art. 22. Member States shall take measures to encourage:
(a) the sep. collect. of biowaste with a view to the composting & digestion(b) the biowaste treatment in a way that fulfils a high level of environ. protection(c) the use of environmentally safe materials produced from biowaste.
All Tools are
NEEDED !!!
• 1st Stage (1991-2000)– Creation of Environment Department (Catalan Government)– Law 6/93 on waste– PGRMC 1995-2000. 1st Programme for MSW Management
• 2nd Stage (2001-2004)– PROGREMIC 2001-2006. 2nd Programme for MSW Management– Law 15/2003, which modifies Law 6/93 on waste– Law 16/2003 for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste
deposition tax (landfilling)• 3rd Stage (2005-2012)
– Law 9/2008, which modifies Law 6/1993 on waste– Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste
disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilling & incineration)– PROGREMIC 2007-2012. 3rd Programme for MSW Management– Regional Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management
2. Actions in Catalonia. Legislation + Planning
MANDATES + TARGETS + ECONOMIC PRESSUREINFRAESTRUCTURES PLANNING
Programa de Gestióde ResidusMunicipals 1995-2000
PROGREMIC 2000-2006
PROGREMIC 2007-2012
Schemes Road Container [Biowaste + Residual Waste] [Glass + Paper + Packaging]Collection Points (Deixalleries)
Road ContainerDoor to Door (Porta a Porta)Collection Points (Deixalleries)Collection of Commercial Waste
Targets Separate Collection:10 % on weight (1996-1997)50 % on weight (1998-2000)
Material Recovery:40 % on weight (2003)55 % on weight (2006)
Reduction: 2% on weight Total Material Recovery:55 % on weightImpurities < 15 %
Investment 46 composting plants (C)23.000 Milions Ptes (138 M€)
14 working plants (C)15 new plants35.000 Milions Ptes (210 M€)
20 working plants + 9 new plants [C or AD] + 30 MBT Plants707 M€
2. Actions in Catalonia. Legislation + Planning
Los
1993. LAW ON WASTE • Mandatory for Separate Collection for all municipalities• Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste (only for
municipalities > 5.000 inhabitants)• Some municipalities implement the separate collection of biowaste,
whether they have more than 5.000 inhabitants as if they have less.• Composting plants were built gradually, but they need to treat more
biowaste, so we had at the beginning problems of economic imbalance.
2. Actions in Catalonia. MANDATORY
2008. LAW 9/2008 ON WASTE• Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste for ALL
municipalities• Separate Collection of Biowaste must be implemented in agreement
to a “Plan for the implementation of the separate collection of biowaste”
• Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilled & incineration)– Tax 10 € / Tonne (landfilled) [∼ 25 MEUR]– Tax 5 € / Tonne (incinerated) [∼ 3,5 MEUR]– If Biowaste separate collection was not implemented in accordance
a implementation plan, the tax is increased in 10 €/Tonne – Guide for local authorities about Law 16/2003 on funding of the
waste treatment infrastructures and of the tax on landfilling (annually reviewed), which includes the Tax refund criteria:
• Biowaste Treatment [33,5 € / T]• Biowaste Collection [12,0 € / T] x f1 x f2• Qualitative factor (f1)
• Population factor (f2)
2. Actions in Catalonia. Economic pressure + incentives
2. Actions in Catalonia. Economic Subsidies
• Subsidies to local authorities for promote Biowaste Separate Collection [45 M€ since 2004]– Technical project– Promotion & campaign– Containers, Buckets, Compostable bags– Collection vehicles– Home composting– Transfer points
0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000
4.000.000
5.000.000
6.000.000
7.000.000
8.000.000
9.000.000
10.000.000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Impo
rte (€
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Sol
icitu
des
0
20
40
60
80
100
Nº d
e m
unic
ipis
que
inic
ien
el s
erve
i de
RS
de la
FORM
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
> 5.000 hab < 5.000 hab
Effect of Tax on Landfilling + Tax refund + Subsidies
Biowaste separate
collectionCompulsory (Law 6/93)come into
force
End of the extension period for Biowaste separate
collection (Law 6/93)
• Evolution of the number of municipalities with biowaste separate collection. 1996-2009
More municipalities implement the Biowaste separate collectionMore biowaste treatment plants are builtBiowaste treatment plants start to receive more biowaste
2. Actions in Catalonia. Effects
1. Phone and face-to-face assessment.2. Three-monthly characterization of all biowaste SC.3. Computer-aided monitoring of the Development Plan.
Implemented and non-implemented stages.4. Computer-aided monitoring of treated tonnes. Monthly inputs
and outputs of each plant.5. Technical assistance for building facilities & operating facilities6. Computer-aided follow-up of facilities. Improvements,
machinery.7. Guidance on designing and running of compost facilities.8. Technical workshops.9. Specific studies.
Besides legislative and financial support, there are important technical support actions
2. Actions in Catalonia. Technical support
Combined use of aerated bucket with composting bag
Home Composting: + de 16.000 composting bins
FoodBanks
3. Results. Prevention & separate collection
Study available (CAT, ESP)
http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/arc/Home/Ambits dactuacio/Recollida selectiva/Residus municipals/Materia organica (FORM - FV)/Jornades, estudis i enllacos/IMPACTES DE LA BOSA COMPOSTABLE EN LA GESTIO DE LA FORM_cat.pdfhttp://www20.gencat.cat/docs/arc/Home/Ambits dactuacio/Recollida selectiva/Residus municipals/Materia organica (FORM - FV)/Jornades, estudis i enllacos/IMPACTES DE LA BOSA COMPOSTABLE EN LA GESTIO DE LA FORM_cat.pdf
• Implementation of SC of biowaste (http://www.arc.cat/webarc/jsp/formimpl/en/cercarmunicipis.jsf)
• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented biowaste separate collection (December 2010)Only Large Producers 8Partially implemented 66Full implementation 624
Different areas:
Household biowaste (population)
Large Producers biowaste
Partially implemented
Fully implemented
3. Results. Implementation of biowaste separate collection
http://www.arc.cat/webarc/jsp/formimpl/en/cercarmunicipis.jsf
Implementation in municipalities 5.000 - < 50.000 inhabitants 179Implementation in municipalities >50.000 inhabitants 23
Different municipalities typology:Rural municipalitiesSemi-urban municipalities Urban municipalities
3. Results. Implementation of biowasteseparate collection
• Situation on December 2010• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented
biowaste separate collection
3. Results. Implementation of biowasteseparate collection
• Situation on December 2010• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented
biowaste separate collectionMunicipalities with Door to Door collection 127Municipalities with Road Container collection 571
Different options:Door to DoorRoad ContainerUnderground containersUse of reduced lid
http://www.grec.net/cgibin/fotcl.pgm?NUMIL=0094646&COL=7http://www.portaaporta.cat/documents/imatge_portaaporta_34.jpg
• Situation on December 2010• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented
biowaste separate collectionMunicipalities with Separate collection + Home composting 237Municipalities with only Home composting 52
Currently, the separate collection of biowaste is running in 707 municipalities
Different schemes for home composting:•Individual composting•Community composting•As an exclusive way to manage biowaste•As a complement to biowaste separate collection•At schools
3. Results. Implementation of biowaste separate collection
22
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (1)
Number of Characterizations 428 732 981 1.121 1.226 1.336 1.198
% Total Impurities (arithmetic average) 14,20% 14,30% 15,00% 10,3 % * 10,8 % * 9,2 % * 10.06%
“Gross” amount of Biowaste (tonnes) 176.301 220.172 258.729 302.629 315.803 341.160 418.000
% Total impurities (weighted average) 23,80% 22,20% nd nd 15,10% 14,60% nd
“Clean” amount of Biowaste (tonnes) 134.341 171.294 nd nd 268.117 291.351 nd
• Since year 2007 it is used a corrective factor for paper-cardboard and plastic bags due to the presence of water in those fractions(1) Approximate data
EVOLUTION OF BIOWASTE SEPARATE COLLECTION IN CATALONIA. Quantity & Quality
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000250.000
300.000
350.000
400.000
450.000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
any
tonn
es /
year
"Clean" Biowaste (t/y) Impurities (t/y)
3. Results. Evolution of biowasteQuantity & Quality
05
101520253035404550556065
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
% Im
purit
ies
27,9 %36,2 %
16,6 %7,3%
3,7 % 8,3 %
Characterisation of 1.323 Biowaste Samples [Year 2009]
1. Some Large Producers2. Most of Door to Door municipalities3. Municipalities in rural areas4. Municipalities with high awareness level5. Municipalities using compostable bags (compulsory)
3. Results. Evolution of biowasteQuantity & Quality
3. Results. Biowaste Treatment
COMPOST produced from Biowaste Separate Collection→ Agricultural Uses
(thorough EoW criteria)
Stabilized organic wasteproduced from NON separate collection (OM from residual waste)→ Non Agricultural Uses
3.- Results. Compost
Quality requirements set in:-Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management in Catalonia and in-Authorization procedure
4. Conclusions
1. The adoption of specific legislation and planning on biowasteseparate collection (combining mandate & targets) and of the Tax on waste disposal has been essential for developing Biowaste recycling.
2. It is very difficult to achieve the targets established by European Directives (Landfill Directive & Waste Directive) without Separate Collection of Biowaste.
3. Separate Collection and recycling of biowaste improves waste management, and has other related benefits: improvements in soilquality, reduction of greenhouse emissions, savings due to the replacement of fertilizers, and energy saving (in case of Anaerobic Digestion).
According to our experience in Catalonia
4. Conclusions
4. Separate Collection and Recycling of Biowaste allows different modalities, which can be adapted to the specificity of each municipality. Nevertheless, it should be implemented thorough an integrated way to optimize sorting schemes, reducing the collection of residual waste, and avoid the increase of collection costs
5. Criteria for compost quality have to be established, clearly identifying compost from Separate Collection from other sources,towards successful compost recycling and marketing.
Thank you very much for your attention !
1. Catalonia's specific situation1. Catalonia's specific situation1. Catalonia's specific situation2. Actions in Catalonia. �Legislation + Planning2. Actions in Catalonia. �MANDATORY2. Actions in Catalonia. �Economic pressure + incentives2. Actions in Catalonia. �Economic Subsidies
Francesc Giró, Technical Manager
TRANSNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON
ZERO WASTE APPLICATION
within the framework of zero waste project
(1G-MED08-533) “Low Cost Zero Waste Municipality”
Athens, 7 April 2011
Strategies and experiences in Biowaste management in Catalonia
Los
CONTENTS
1.- Catalonia's specific situation
2.- Actions in Catalonia
3.- Results
4.- Conclusions
*
*
*
*
1. Catalonia's specific situation
Catalonia is one of the 17 Autonomous Communities (AC) of Spain
While Spain, as a Member State of the EU, prepares the basic legislation and is responsible for transposing the FWD,
Catalonia has many delegated competences, like waste management
Catalonia is the only AC that has implemented the Biowaste separate collection (SC) all over the country
*
*
* Partial Implementation
Source: European Compost Network
*
*
*
*
Surface 32.106 km²
7.363.202 inhabitants and 946 municipalities, grouped in 41 small regions known as “comarca”
The distribution of the population is very irregular
42 % of the population is living on 2 % of the surface (around Barcelona)
More than 63 % municipalities (601) have less than 2.000 inhabitants
1. Catalonia's specific situation
*
*
*
*
1. Catalonia's specific situation
50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain has less than 1,7 % SOM (1 % SOC)
According to Communication Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, there exists a real risk of desertification for the 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain
Source: Study on organic matter and heavy metals in agricultural soils and grassland in Spain. INIA(MEC), MAPA, MIMAM 2004
1. Catalonia's specific situation
Evolution of generation and management of MSW 2001-2009
Near 4.190.000 tonnes of MSW generated in Catalunya (year 2009)
On average 1,54 kg of MSW per inhabitant and day
MSW Generation
Separate Collection
Mixed MSW
37,6 %
1,54 kg /inhab · day
Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste
Los
Reduction of the amount of biodegradable wastes going to landfill in relation to biodegradable waste produced in 1995
2006 reduced to 75% 2009 reduced to 50% 2016 reduced to 35%
Biodegradable wastes:
Food waste Vegetable waste Paper Other
Reduction of:
CH4
Leachate
Resources Loss
Land use
Options for the fulfilment:
- Biowaste Sep. Collect. + Recycling
MBT for residual waste
Incineration (?)
Without separate collection of biowaste, it is very difficult to get it !!!
1. Catalonia's specific situation
FW Directive (Directive 2008/98/CE on waste)
Towards a Recycling Society
Los
Member States shall take the necessary measures designed to achieve the following targets:
by 2020, the preparing for re-use and the recycling of waste materials such as at least paper, metal, plastic and glass from households and possibly from other origins … shall be increased to a minimum of overall 50 % by weight
1. Catalonia's specific situation
In 2009, the overall separate collection was 37,6%
Without separate collection of biowaste, it is very difficult to get it !!!
Food & Vegetable waste represents about 36% , while Glass + Paper + Light Packaging represents 37% (both on weight of MSW produced)
How to get an optimised approach for separate collection of Biowaste?
MANDATES for Biowaste Separate Collection?
TARGETS for Biowaste Separate Collection?
ECONOMIC PRESSURE?
A MIX OF ALL THEM?
High captures of biowaste
High quality of biowaste (low % impurities)
To avoid the increase of waste generation
Contention of the costs
Fulfil diversion targets of biodegradable waste of the Landfill Directive
Fulfil target min. of 50% overall recycling
What does mean
OPTIMISATION?
1. Catalonia's specific situation
Directive 2008/98/CE on waste
Art. 22. Member States shall take measures to encourage:
(a) the sep. collect. of biowaste with a view to the composting & digestion
(b) the biowaste treatment in a way that fulfils a high level of environ. protection
(c) the use of environmentally safe materials produced from biowaste.
All Tools are NEEDED !!!
2. Actions in Catalonia.
Legislation + Planning
1st Stage (1991-2000)
Creation of Environment Department (Catalan Government)
Law 6/93 on waste
PGRMC 1995-2000. 1st Programme for MSW Management
2nd Stage (2001-2004)
PROGREMIC 2001-2006. 2nd Programme for MSW Management
Law 15/2003, which modifies Law 6/93 on waste
Law 16/2003 for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste deposition tax (landfilling)
3rd Stage (2005-2012)
Law 9/2008, which modifies Law 6/1993 on waste
Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilling & incineration)
PROGREMIC 2007-2012. 3rd Programme for MSW Management
Regional Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management
MANDATES + TARGETS + ECONOMIC PRESSURE
INFRAESTRUCTURES PLANNING
2. Actions in Catalonia.
Legislation + Planning
Programa de Gestió de Residus Municipals 1995-2000PROGREMIC 2000-2006PROGREMIC 2007-2012
SchemesRoad Container [Biowaste + Residual Waste] [Glass + Paper + Packaging]Collection Points (Deixalleries)Road ContainerDoor to Door (Porta a Porta)Collection Points (Deixalleries)Collection of Commercial Waste
TargetsSeparate Collection:10 % on weight (1996-1997)50 % on weight (1998-2000)Material Recovery:40 % on weight (2003)55 % on weight (2006)Reduction: 2% on weight Total Material Recovery:55 % on weightImpurities < 15 %
Investment46 composting plants (C)23.000 Milions Ptes (138 M€)14 working plants (C)15 new plants35.000 Milions Ptes (210 M€)20 working plants + 9 new plants [C or AD] + 30 MBT Plants707 M€
2. Actions in Catalonia.
MANDATORY
1993. LAW ON WASTE
Mandatory for Separate Collection for all municipalities
Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste (only for municipalities > 5.000 inhabitants)
Some municipalities implement the separate collection of biowaste, whether they have more than 5.000 inhabitants as if they have less.
Composting plants were built gradually, but they need to treat more biowaste, so we had at the beginning problems of economic imbalance.
Los
2008. LAW 9/2008 ON WASTE
Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste for ALL municipalities
Separate Collection of Biowaste must be implemented in agreement to a “Plan for the implementation of the separate collection of biowaste”
2. Actions in Catalonia.
Economic pressure + incentives
Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilled & incineration)
Tax 10 € / Tonne (landfilled) [ 25 MEUR]
Tax 5 € / Tonne (incinerated) [ 3,5 MEUR]
If Biowaste separate collection was not implemented in accordance a implementation plan, the tax is increased in 10 €/Tonne
Guide for local authorities about Law 16/2003 on funding of the waste treatment infrastructures and of the tax on landfilling (annually reviewed), which includes the Tax refund criteria:
Biowaste Treatment [33,5 € / T]
Biowaste Collection [12,0 € / T] x f1 x f2
Qualitative factor (f1)
Population factor (f2)
2. Actions in Catalonia.
Economic Subsidies
Subsidies to local authorities for promote Biowaste Separate Collection [45 M€ since 2004]
Technical project
Promotion & campaign
Containers, Buckets, Compostable bags
Collection vehicles
Home composting
Transfer points
Gràfic1
200481
2005117
2006123
2007115
2008168
200986
201061
Importes concedidos (€)
Proyectos autocompostaje subvencionados
Importe (€)
Solicitudes
5300000
9180000
8502700
6331400
8500000
5249709
3097042
subvencions_auto
AñoImporte concedido (€)Proyectos autocompostaje
200413627824
200548713537
200677540053
200769089450
2008111200670
200985546129
201015367817
4210852280
subvencions_auto
200424
200537
200653
200750
200870
200929
201017
&A
Page &P
Importes concedidos (€)
Proyectos autocompostaje subvencionados
Importes concedidos (€)
Proyectos autocompostaje subvencionados
136278
487135
775400
690894
1112006
855461
153678
subvencions gral
AñoImporte (€)Solicitudes
2004530000081
20059180000117
20068502700123
20076331400115
20088500000168
2009524970986
2010309704261
subvencions gral
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
&A
Page &P
Importes concedidos (€)
Proyectos autocompostaje subvencionados
Importe (€)
Solicitudes
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Evolution of the number of municipalities with biowaste separate collection. 1996-2009
More municipalities implement the Biowaste separate collection
More biowaste treatment plants are built
Biowaste treatment plants start to receive more biowaste
2. Actions in Catalonia. Effects
Effect of Tax on Landfilling +
Tax refund + Subsidies
Biowaste separate collection
Compulsory (Law 6/93)
come into force
End of the extension period for Biowaste separate collection (Law 6/93)
Gràfic1
1996
19977
1998
1999
20002
20019
200211
20031
200434
200568
200680
200762
200844
200990
> 5.000 hab
< 5.000 hab
Nº de municipis que inicien el servei de RS de la FORM
2
5
13
12
29
17
21
11
21
28
15
8
4
4
Taules
CENSSERVEI DE LA RS DE LA FORM
Municipis amb implantacióMunicipis sense implantació
>500121212
2000500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500
top related