Transit Oriented Development Tool Box: Workshop #1 - Nelson Nygaard presentation
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Transit Oriented Development:from definition to implementation
C H R I S T O P H E R Y A K E – N E L S O N N Y G A A R D
overview
•The “P” Word: A little history/background of
Portland, OR
•Defining TOD: Developing a TOD typology
•TOD Projects: Implementation
“We can’t do that here”:a short history of the “P” word
•Voted Republican 1968-1984
•Vast majority supported Vietnam War
•Popular Gov Tom McCall (R) in office
•Traditional transportation approach…
Moses’ Plan for Portland
mt. hood freeway
State/local bipartisan revolt
•Diverts freeway $ to light rail
•1973 Oregon Land Use Laws –enables Urban Growth Boundary
•1979 Metro Council elected (first in nation)
•Broad coalition of urbanists, environmentalists, agriculture, forestry
•Invest in transportation choices…
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1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Spokane Boise Denver Portland
Per Capita Vehicle Miles Traveled
“We can’t do that here…”:guess the region
•Privately funded regional land use and transportation plan
•Highest transit spending per capita in the nation
•Only region building light rail, BRT, commuter rail and streetcar at the same time
•2012: 73 percent voted for Gov. Romney
•The new “Zion” of transit has moved to…
Parsons Brinckerhoff I PlaceMaking Group
Defining transit orientation TOD: “You know it when you see it.” How can we compare different parts of the region? What elements go into those great places? Orientation should be related to actual travel behavior
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dollars
distancedestinations
distinction
demographics
The traditional trinity of TOD
density
diversity design
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people
performance ped/bikeconnectivity
placesphysical form
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Potential(market)
measuring TOD readiness (p’s)
people
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“There are two things Oregonians
hate…. sprawl..
Former (& current) Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber
..and density.”
the “d” word
places
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ped/bikeconnectivity
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performance
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physical form
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People
Pedestrian/Bicycle
Physical FormPlaces
Performance
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transit orientation score
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building a TOD typologyTransit Orientation
Score(Urban Form + Activity )
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+ Market Strength
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outer station areas for analysis
Typology(market + TOD Score)
GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
Station Community Typology(market + TOD Score)
1/15/2014 37GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
1/15/2014 38GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
Station Community Typology(market + TOD Score)
Plan + Partner(longer term station areas)
1/15/2014 39GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
Plan + Partner(longer term station areas)
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Catalyze + Connect(emerging station areas)
1/15/2014 41GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
Catalyze + Connect(emerging station areas)
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Infill + Enhance(near term station areas)
1/15/2014 43GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie
Infill + Enhance(near term station areas)
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Implementing TOD
TOD Implementation Program
• Program created in 1998• $3 mill annual budget• Public-private “bricks and
mortar” projects tied to transportation outcomes
• > 500,000 induced annual transit trips
• $30 mill has leveraged > $300 mill private investment
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TOD Program Strategies
• Create suburban market comparables for higher density buildings near transit and centers
• Develop developers with expertise in higher-density mixed-use buildings in suburban settings
• Increase acceptance of urban style buildings through high quality design
• Carry out place making and contribute to local identity
Grants/easements
• compact mixed use
development is not cheap!
• acquire tod easements
• Cost premiums:
- structured parking
- elevator
- separation of uses
- complex fire systems
how does it work?1. Cost Premium Analysis
2. Capitalized Farebox Revenue from induced ridership (must have delta, daily transit fare x 30 years)
3. 7-day notice to Metro Council (de-politicizes funding decisions)
4. Development Agreement
projects
Example Projects
North Main Village – City of Milwaukie
The Rocket – Central City Portland
The Merrick - Portland
Orenco Station - Hillsboro
Orenco Station - Hillsboro
The Crossings - Gresham
program results2,091 housing units
Nearly 250,000 sq ft commercial
> 100,000 tons of GHG reduced543,000 Induced
Transit Riders Per Year
nearly 1,000 affordable units
and more than 300 senior units
20 built projects(10 in pre-development)
$318 million in private investment
2008 National APA Best Practices Award
Key takeaways
• Portland is not perfect• TOD is measurable: TOD & travel behavior is a function
of elements of the built, market and social environments
• Reassert the the T in TOD: Incorporate transit quality
• Mind the Market: Nudge, don’t shove, the private sector
• One size does not fit all: TOD is scalable
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q + achristopher.yake@nelsonnygaard.com
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