Towards A 4D Digital Smart City
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Towards a 4D Digital City
David BurdenDaden Limited
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Who are Daden?
Immersive 3D visualisation and training specialists Founded 2004, but experience since late 1990s
Times Higher Education Winner 2009
US Federal Virtual Worlds Challenge winner 2010
Nearly 50 projects in immersive environments
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
The Proposition
Can we ensure that this happens in a managed way?
Can we accelerate the process and reduce the cost by exploiting synergies?
How do we manage the ethical considerations?
In the next 10 – 20 years we will see whole city interactive digital models, with users represented by avatars, used by a variety of stakeholders, whether we do anything now or not
The questions are:
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Three Built Environment Models
The Architect's Model
- Overall Use- Aesthetics
The Builder's Model
- Structural Integrity- Bill of Parts- E&M Services- BIM
The User's (Social) Model
- Practical Use by Real Users
Why is this one always missed out?
Read “Planners Model” for a whole city, with GIS not
CAD
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Digital Birmingham Workshop
The move to digital was patchy, but accelerating at the front end
Whilst a lot of information was digital, it was often in a raster or unstructured format
Even when data was digital and to common standards it wasn't always trusted by the next link in the chain and often re-done
BIM was very much in its infancy and more a concept than a standard
The real end-user (rather than the client) featured little in the process
In 2010 we hosted a workshop for Digital Birmingham of those involved in the built environment pipeline. The key findings were:
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Digital Birmingham Model
One of our first forays into 4D cities was the model of Birmingham we created for the City Council in Second Life. This was based around an interactive version of Google Maps, which provided a floor-map you could walk over, and then a simple 3D build on top to reflect the major built up areas. Real-time data could be brought in and plotted, ranging from social media such as Twitter and Flickr, to a feed of live bus times onto individually modelled bus stops.
On a similar system we have even brought in live aircraft positioning data from a US Federal Aviation Administration radar onto a map of Southern California.
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Security & Public Safety
City Planning, Operations
and Investors
Visitors (physical)
Visitors (virtual)
Residents
Businesses
Audiences for a Digital City Model
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Security and Public Safety
What If's
Security Planning
Emergency Planning
Task Training
Operations Management
Post-Event Reviews
Daden's 3D Security Demonstrator incorporating 3D model, 2D information overlays, live in-world CCTV feeds, and GPS tracked operational staff and assets
Recreation of Op Shield Emergency Planning Exercise deployment reproduced in 3 hours after the exercise
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
City Planning, Ops & Investment
What Ifs
Planning
Impact Assessment
Marketing
Consultation
Ops & Incident Management
TrainingDaden's immersive model of the new Library of Birmingham, used by Council staff since 2010 to plan for the buildings opening in 2013
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Visitors, Residents & Businesses
Wayfinding
Marketing
Virtual Events/ Conferences
Learning
Socialising
CommerceDaden's immersive model of Millennium Point, used both as a learning venue by Birmingham City University and a virtual venue to support the British Science Fair, and used by overseas academic visitors to familiarise themselves before physical visits
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Library of Birmingham
The Library of Birmingham is an example of the third, social model of a building. Built to be used by the librarians and library users themselves, the model has been used since late 2010 to plan for the opening of the building in 2013. We trained the library staff in how to place furniture and shelving from a central warehouse, and even how to create their own objects. The Library also includes a virtual post-it note system to gather comments from users during consultation sessions, as well as voting booths and spaces with variable configuration.
As the building of the physical library has progressed staff have even found that contractors bidding for and working on the main project are using the virtual build to get a better idea of how the Library will look and work, and where their parts of the structure and infrastructure will fit.
And as the opening date in 2013 grows closer, the staff are using the model to support the “soft landing”, ensuring that when the physical doors open the public will have already familiarised themselves with the layout and operation of the new Library.
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Technology for a Digital City Model
So what technologies are there than can help in the building of a digital city?
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Architectural Visualisation
Moving into 3D
3D focus traditionally on high-spec, non-real-time flythrough videos
Growing use of more interactive tools like SketchUp
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
CAD/Building Modelling
Moving into 3D
AutoCAD → Revit
Impact of Building Information Model (BIM) encouraging common standards and digital data sharing
CityGML Standard – but uptake?
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
GIS
Moving into 3D
Respository of vs viewer of data
Emerging Open Standards, eg OpenGIS
Terrain and building data
Georeferenced accuracy
Growth of WebGIS and links to Google Earth/Maps etc
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Mirror Worlds
Objective view of large geographic areas, in 2D and 3D
Can have real-time data feeds
Single user, no avatar
Good for wide-spread distribution and free-form use
Mainly externals
Google Maps/Earth/Streetview
Berlin in 3D in Google Earth
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Virtual Worlds/Game Engines
Immersive 3D experience
Interiors and exteriors
Multi-user, avatar based
Can have real-time data feeds
Good for whole-task training, esp spatial/collaborative
Good for subjective experience
Berlin whole-city model in 3D in Twinity (now closed)
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Model Capture
Increasing number of technologies for automated capture of city models
Streetview of linear streets (but 2D)
Aerial/Satellite photogrammetry for whole city 3D model (but typically break down at street level)
Primarily exteriors and miss covered walkways
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Resilience Training in NYC
Our project for New York City's Office of Emergency Management shows how 3D models of real spaces can be used to support city emergency and resilience training.
With New York now in the hurricane zone, the city needed to train its emergency managers on how to open, operate and close a hurricane shelter, and how to deal with all the problems that the shelterees would have.
Whilst they had tried traditional eLearning approaches, they lacked the visceral sense of what operating in a shelter would feel like. A virtual model allowed them to better appreciate some of the spatial decisions they needed to make, and gave them a more visceral sense of a disaster environment.
In 2012, two years after we delivered the simulation New York was struck by Superstorm Sandy, and many of those trained using the simulator were involved in doing the tasks for real. After the Superstorm NYC used the simulation again to help drive out the lesons learned, hopefully for inclusion in a next generation trainer.
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Real WorldLiveReal
WorldExercises
Virtual Worlds
Mirror Worlds
GIS/CAD/BIMTaken together these could provide a range of increasingly real environments in which to design environments, plan operations and buildings, train staff, manage operations, encourage and orientate visitors, market the city, and improve citizen involvement
Working Together
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Physical WorldLive
Physical WorldExercises
Virtual Worlds
Mirror Worlds
GIS/CAD/BIM
Policing, Security, Emergency Services &
Public Safety
Utilities & Transport
Visitors(physical)
Visitors (virtual)
Residents& Businesses
Planners, City
Managers&
InvestorsWhat Ifs
Ops & IncidentManagement
Training
WayfindingSocialisingCommerceLearning
MarketingVirtual Events/Conferences
WayfindingMarketing
What IfsPlanningImpact
AssessmentMarketing
Consultation
Task TrainingPlanning
Ops ManagementReviews
A Strategy for the 4D Digital City
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
The Vision Our vision is for every major city to have a “live”, up to date 4D digital model available
to all the stake-holders who wish to use it.
Different stakeholder groups have “private” copies of the city model for their own uses, and which they can augment with their own data.
A “subjective” model, not an “objective” one. An immersive and mutli-user experience, allowing users to walk the virtual streets, understanding how the city looks and works from any point on its streets, or from, or even in, any of its buildings.
A city to be used, not looked at.
A training and planning environment – from the routine of city planning to the rehearsal of emergency exercises
A vast and powerful sandbox in which to play “what-ifs” with the city.
A city management enviornment – live feeds from CCTV and GPS, traffic and transport information systems, allowing (selected) users to view the city almost as it is in real-time.
A city “populated”, using “pattern of life” software to drive animations of the typical city population: workers, pedestrians, visitors and traffic, this is more than just the buildings.
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
What This is Not
A single user, non-avatar based visualisation- we need to avatars and multi-user modes to gain the real benefits for most stake-holders
Marketing driven – it's a nice-to-have but can't justify the investment (cf many “marketing/retail” model cities)
Consumer driven – Twinity has tried and failed
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
The Do Nothing Approach
There is growing interest in large development and city models from a variety of stakeholders, these WILL lead to part-city and whole city models being built
Many other stake-holders cannot justify the cost of a model for themselves, but could justify shared access to a common (but cloned/sharded) model
Doing nothing is likely to result in:
High costs to UKplc due to duplication
Lack of standards and common references (crucial for cross-stakeholder co-operation)
Longer time-frames, reducing net benefit and increasing risk of mistakes
Poor management of moral and ethical issues
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Datascape
Datascape is our immersive 3D data visualisation application built on the same Unity3D platform as our training simulations.
Using a 2D map or a 3D city mesh model as a basis you can bring in a variety of data feeds and plot them over the city, from GPS tracks of bus locations, throuhg static assets like cell towers to dynamic social media data
The vertical axis can be used to display time – so you can see the rhythms of life of the city, or any other parameter of interest
As well as standard solid shapes you can also bring in 3D icons for people, vehicle types, activities etc
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
The Prize A co-ordinated (but not necessarily centralised) programme to
develop multi-use, multi-user immersive 3D city models, mixed with historical and real-time data, to serve a wide variety of stakeholders, and possibly evolving into a whole-country model
Think G-Cloud for 3D modelling and city data
The benefits would be:
Better public safety
Better environments in which to live and work
Better day-to-day city management
Better training
Increased inward investment
Reduced costs and time-scale, common standards, shared visualisation
Better management of moral and ethical issues
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Smart City vs Virtual City
Smart Cities are all about enabling, through technological and non-technological means, a city to make best use of its resources to deliver wealth, sustainability, cultural richness and a good standard of health and living to its citizens and other stake-holders.
A virtual city model, fully populated with city data, and exposed to all stake-holders is not only an esential tool in the creation and management of a smart city, but possibly a pre-requisite for its successful long term development.
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
VANZI
VANZI is the proposed new (2013) “federated, fully integrated, 'photo-realistic' secure 3D Data Set, that enables users to model the Natural and Built Environment across Australia and New Zealand - using any software and portal of their choice.
'Federated' simply means VANZ is made up of separate data sets each under the control of different owners and government organisations.
Under the proposal, VANZ would become the single 'Authorised Data Set' for all property-related activities - enabling the real world to be represented, and scenarios, plans and designs modelled through any 3D software across time, to show: historical, current and planned future states.
The '10 Foundation Data Sets' nominated by the Australian and New Zealand Land Information Council are critical to the development of VANZ, and represent a key first step in its creation.
In time, VANZ may prove to be the most important piece of 'infrastructure' created in the 21st Century - through which all other infrastructure and development takes place.”
http://www.vanzi.com.au/
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
The Challenges
Choosing Standards and Technologies
Capturing Data
Aerial vs Ground
Textures
Interiors
Legal/IP/Licensing issues (which sunk Twinity)
The role of Ordnance Survey?
Keeping it up to date
Managing Ethical and Moral issues (big-brother/panopticon)
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
A Possible Solution
Make this Planning Law based
Develop in Mirror World and Virtual World simultaneously – over time the technologies may converge
Use aerial techniques to create a low-rez,exteriors only model of the city
Use ground-based techniques to detail key parts of the city, drawing on existing models/resources where possible
Change Planning Law/Regulations so that every new build/major change MUST be submitted as a 3D model to the set standard, and all Planning Decisions must be supported by seeing the model in-situ in the city model – EMBED THE MODEL IN THE SYSTEM
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
Possible Next Steps
A survey of interest and opinions
An audit of current activity in this area
A Conference/Workshop along VANZI lines
A sharing of existing resources
A pilot/demonstrator
Who's up for it?
© 2013 www.daden.co.uk
White Paper
The full white-paper is available for download:
http://www.daden.co.uk/daden-releases-white-paper-the-4d-digital-city-a-discussion/
Web: www.daden.co.ukEmail: info@daden.co.ukYouTube: www.youtube.com/dadenmediaTwitter: @dadenlimited
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