Today’s Presentation: Digital Video At Length – Category Cables

Your Presenter Today is…

Brian Minchew, CTSDirector of Sales and Business Development

Email – bminchew@c2g.com

Today’s Presentation:

Digital Video At Length – Category Cables

Our Learning Objectives• Signals Important To

Extended DV Connectivity?

• Technical Challenges Of Long Connections

• Basic Extension Of DV Using Category Cables

• Understanding HDBaseT Technology And Applications

WHAT ARE THE SIGNALS BEING SENT?

“For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled.” - Richard Feynman

Digital Video• Color In Uncompressed Digital Video

– 8-Bit Per RGB Component Minimum– Up To 4:4:4 Color Space With Up To 16-Bits

Per sRGB Component – YCbCr 4:4:4 “Deep Color”– xvYCC Extended Gamut Color Space Support

• Detail In Uncompressed Digital Video– Luminance Figure Sets Detail Level– D2K Is 2,000 Pixel Horizontal Measure– D4K Is 4,000 Horizontal Pixel Count By 2,000

Vertical Pixel Count

• High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

– Digital Copy Protection Developed By Intel Corporation To Prevent Copying Of Digital Audio And Video Content As It Travels Across Connections

Digital Audio• HDMI Sources Support PCM And

Other, Optional, Audio Formats– Up To 8-Channels Coded At 24-bits

And 192khz Linear PCM– Up To 8-Channels Lossless

Compressed DTS-HD– Up To 8-Channels 1-Bit DSD (Delta

Sigma) Super Audio

• Digital Audio Content Is Embedded Within The TMDS 10-Bit Data Stream

– Audio Is “Embedded” Within The RGB Stream

Consumer Electronics Control• CEC Is An HDMI Feature

Designed To Allow The User To Control CEC-Enabled Devices

– Via Device’s Remote Control(s)– Allows For Individual CEC-Enabled

Devices To Command And Control Each Other Without User Intervention

• One-Wire Bidirectional Serial Bus That Uses The Industry-Standard AV.Link Protocol

– CEC Implementation Is Optional At The Product Level

– CEC Standards Allow For USB-To-CEC Adapters For Custom Control Applications

Display Data Channel• DDC Enables The Display To

Communicate Its Supported Display Modes To The Source Using Inter IC Bus Protocol

– I2C, Or Sometimes IIC

• Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) Is A Companion Standard

– Defines A Compact Binary File Format Describing The Monitor's Capabilities And Supported Graphics Modes

– Stored In A Read-only Memory (EEPROM) Chip Programmed By The Manufacturer Of The Monitor

• DDC/EDID Flows From The Sink To The Source

Transition Minimized Differential Signalling

• TMDS Transmits High-Speed Serial Data

– Transmitter Incorporates An Advanced Coding Algorithm Which Reduces EMI Over Copper Cables And Enables Clock Recovery At The Rx To Achieve High Skew Tolerance

• Uses 4 Channels: Red, Green, Blue, Clock

• TMDS Is Natively Differential (Balanced)

– Current Mode Logic (CML), DC Coupled And Terminated To 3.3 Volts.

– 4 Twisted Pairs Are Used To Transfer Video And Clock Data

THE CHALLENGES OF DISTANCE“The shortest distance between two points is under construction.” - Noelie Altito

The Physics Of Wire• Longer Wire = More Resistance

– Cross-Sectional Area Of The Wires Affect Resistance

– Material Composition Affects Resistance– Pure Resistance Causes A Frequency

Independent Voltage Drop

• Capacitance and Inductance Are Proportional To Wire Length/Construction

– Impedance Is Defined As The Frequency Domain Ratio Of The Voltage To The Current

– Parallel Conductors In Wire Express A Reactance That Is Inversely Proportional To Frequency

– Capacitance and Inductance Cause A Frequency Dependent Voltage Drop

• Skin Effect Becomes Relevant At High Frequencies Over Longer Runs

UTP Minimizes Induced Noise• UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

Can Be Optimized For Specific Tasks

– Differential (Balanced) Signaling Ensures Environmental Noise Rejection

– Differing Twist Rates Minimize Crosstalk Between Pairs

– Twist Pitch Is Vital In Fixing The 100Ω Characteristic Impedance

– Bandwidth Up To 250MHz Per Pair (Cat6)

• 100MHz Per Pair Cat5e

• 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T

WHAT DOES “BASE-T” MEAN?“It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his job depends on not understanding it.” - Upton Sinclair

From StarLAN To HDBase-T• Local Area Network Technology

Standards Of The 1980’s Included StarLAN and LattisNet

– IEEE Worked To Standardize Physical Layer Attributes Of 10 Mb/s Networks

– Names Derived From Physical Media

• BASE Denotes Baseband Transmission

– Signals And Systems Whose Range Of Frequencies Is Measured From Close To 0 Hz To A Cut-off Frequency, A Maximum Bandwidth Or Highest Signal Frequency

• T Denotes Twisted-Pair Carriage

HDMI BEYOND 50-FEET

“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.” - Galileo Galilei

TMDS Over Dual UTP

• Dual Cat-x Connectivity– One For TMDS – RGB and Clock– One For SCL/SCA I2C, Hot Plug, 5V Power, 5V Ground

• No Fundamental Changes Are Made To The Signal– Equalization And Clock Reconstruction– Impedance Matching And Voltage Amplification

• Carriage Distance Is Inversely Proportional To Signal Bandwidth– 60 Meters For 720P Content– 25 Meters For 1080p/60– 20 Meters For 1080p With 10 Or 12 Bit Color Depth Content

HDMI BEYOND IMAGINATION

“Our main business is not to see what lies dimly at a distance but to do what lies clearly at hand.” - Thomas Carlyle

HDBaseT Alliance And Standard• Established In 2010 By LG

Electronics, Samsung Electronics, Sony Pictures, Valens Semiconductor

– Working Openly To Create A Global Standard For Advanced Digital Media Distribution

– HDBaseT 1.0 Standard Finalized In June 2010

– Deals With Video Control Signals And The Reconstruction Of Video Clocks.

– HDBaseT Standard Includes Provisions For Power

– HDBaseT Standard Will Support Up To 8 “Hops” Of 100 Meters Each

Designed For 5Play

“HDBaseT Is A Connectivity Standard Which Consolidates High Throughput, Unidirectional, HDCP Protected, Uncompressed High Definition Digital Multimedia With

Bidirectional Data Networking Over Standard Cat5e/6 Structured Cabling.”

Breaking Down HDBaseT

• Asymmetrical Design Supports Up To 10.2GBs Downstream and 100MBs Upstream Data Transfer

– Scales To 20GBs For Future D4K Applications

• Allows For Support, Over A Single Cabling Infrastructure Of:– Uncompressed AV With High Bandwidth Downstream Throughput, Characterized By Low

Latency Service Time for Mesochronous Streams, Complete With Associated Controls – Bi-Directional Data Exchange At 100MBs

HDBaseT And Power - POH• Enables Transfer Of Up To 100

Watts (DC) Power– Based On The IEEE 802.3at Standard

With The Appropriate Modifications To Increase Power Handling From 60w (Over All 4 Pairs) To 100w

• Eliminates The Need For AC/DC Conversion In Display Power Supply

– Minimize Power Supply Costs

• ENERGY STAR Product V 6.0 Specifications Require Maximum 98.7 Watts Consumption For 60 Inch Display

– HDBaseT 100 Watt Specification Will Be Able To Power Displays Up To 60 Inches Diagonal

HDBaseT And Network Control

• CEC Is Embedded In HDMI Standard And Allows For One Initiator To Communicate With One Follower Via 9-Bit Commands Plus 1-Bit EOM (Downstream) With 1-Bit Acknowledge (Upstream)

• Ethernet Is Supported As A “Standard” 100Base-T Network– Ethernet Data Is Encoded In 65-Bit Blocks, Sent Over HDBaseT Link, Then Decoded To

MII Or RMII (Reduced Media Independent Interface) Before Connection With PHY Chip (Physical Layer Interface)

• RS232 Protocols And Connections May Supplant Ethernet In Device Configuration

ADDITIONAL DTV CONNECTION SYSTEMS“Only by seeking challenges can we hope to find the best in ourselves.” - Robert Rodriguez

More To Come!Wireless And Wired Solutions

• Future Training Opportunities Will Include:– HDMI Over Coax

• Baseband Solutions• Bandpass Solutions – DTV

Modulation And Distribution– HDMI Over Wireless

• 5Ghz RF• 60GHz Ultra-Wideband RF

– HDMI Over Fiber

In Conclusion…• HD Video Signals Include Control I the

Form Of CEC, Audio, HDCP And Communication In The Form Of IP Or RS232/USB

• Transporting These Complex Signals Over Distances Greater Than 100-Feet Demands A Thorough Understanding Of The Desired Outcome And The Technologies Inherent Strengths

• HDBaseT Support 5Play And Includes IP, Audio, Control, HD Video And Power Over A Single Category Connection

• HDBaseT Can Support Ethernet Or RS232 Communication

• HDBaseT Is Designed To Operate In A UTP Environment Over Cat5e Or Cat6 Cabling At Distances To 100-Meters

Questions?

Thank You!