TKT Part 3 Unit 4 (14) Sentences and Clauses
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8/9/2019 TKT Part 3 Unit 4 (14) Sentences and Clauses
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TKT:KAL
Part 3: GrammarUnit 4:
Sentences andclauses
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What are usually
part of a sentence?A subject and a Finite
verb.
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Exercise 1:• #se the diferent types o $erbs in the bo below to labelthe underlined $erbs in the sentences, or eample Do innumber % is an auiliary $erb. &ome $erbs can be matchedwith more than one type
•
1. Do I know you?
2. He urt i!sel"
#. I was talkin$4. %ey didn&t see !e
Lets check…
Main Auxiliary Action State Transitive Intransitive
Reflexive
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Exercise 2:• Loo" at the underlined parts o the sentencesbelow and answer the !uestions
• %. 't depends on the weather
• (. ' belie$e in good luc"
• ). ' remembered to as" *ane
• +. ' remember as"ing *ane
's there a preposition ater the $erb
's there an ob-ect ater the $erb
's there a second $erb and what orm is it
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What is averb pattern?
Thats correct/0
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Different verb patterns• &ome $erbs are always ollowed by de'endent
're'ositions e.g. depend on
• &ome $erbs need more than one ob-ect
• &ome $erbs need a co!'le!ento A phrase that is necessary to complete the meaning
o a particular $erb in a clause or sentence/
•
1.g. ' am tired• Tired is the compliment. 2erbs such
as be, eel, become and get need acomplement in order to ma"e sense
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Can you think of somemore verb patterns?
• 2erbs ollowed by an in(nitive "or!
• 2erbs ollowed by )in$ "or!
• 34e careul3 $erb patterns ater $erbs operception can afect meaning
• 1.g/. ' heard him spea"ing
•
' heard him spea"
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Exercise 3:• Loo" at the sentences a56d5 which use the modal $erbs can
and might. Answer the !uestions
o A5 ' 7nish wor" at 8 so ' can go home soon
o
45 That letter might ha$e got lost in the posto C5 &he might "now 9eter, 'm not sure.
o5 Can you help me please ' cant 7nd the &hampoo.
• %. ;here is the modal placed in the $erb phrase
• (. ;hat orm is the $erb ater the modal• ). How are !uestions and negati$es ormed with a modal
• +. ;hat is the past orm
• ;hat happens when she is used
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What are The nine puremodal verbs?
Thats correct00 They are: Can, Could,
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Do Modals behave likeother verbs?
• They do not use Auiliary $erbs to orm !uestionsand negati$es
•
They use ha$e and the past participle whenma"ing a past orm
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What are Semi-Modalverbs?
• Ha$e to, ought to, need to, be able to
• ;hy are they se!i !odals
o %ey can$e teir "or! to sow 'erson
o %ey ave a 'ast "or! or use anoterau*iliary
• &ome semi modals can beha$e li"e ull modalso 1.g. A !uestion with need to can be /need you
go
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Can the same modal verb be used for different
functions?
To help you decide what meaning and
unction a modal $erb has in a sentenceyou need to loo" at the conte*t
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Exercise 4•
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What are hypotheticalsituations?
Thats correct00
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Exercise 5• ;hat type o $erbs are underlined in sentences % and ( ;hat
orm are the $erbs in ), + and 8 in
o%. ' would ne$er lie to my parents> its totally
unthin"ableo(. ?owadays, ' could ne$er stay up all night li"e '
used to when ' was younger
o). &uppose you won @%,,/' "now youwont but -ust suppose
o+. ' only ' hadnt lost my wallet0 4ut theresnothing ' can do about it now.
o8. ' wish ' wasnt going to wor" tomorrow but 'ha$e to.
H d
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How do we expresshypothetical situations?
• &ome
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What do adverbs do?• Thats correct/They modiy $erbs, ad-ecti$es and other
ad$erbs0
•
Can you name some diferent types o ad$erbs
• 9lace here, there, nearby5
• egree etremely, $ery, really5
•
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How do we form adverbs?• Add ly to an ad-ecti$e/e.g. slow E slowly
• &ome ha$e the same orm as ad-ecti$es/e.g.hard
• &ome are not ormed rom ad-ecti$es /e.g. $ery
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Do verbs have different‘voices’?
;hat does the $oice o a $erb
tell us
Th 2 i‘ i ’
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There are 2 main ‘voices’in English
• The active voice
• Here the sub-ect is important 6 the person whodid the action the ob-ect is the personGthingwho recei$ed the action.
• The 5assive voice
o The sub-ect is the personGthing who recei$ed theaction o the $erb
• How do we orm the passi$e
• %e verb to be 7 te 'ast 'artici'le
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Exercise 6• Loo" at the sentences below and decide why the
passi$e $oice has been used in each case
• %. Tic"ets must be bought rom ocial tic"et agencies only
• (. First the cofee beans are pic"ed then roasted in o$ens
• ).' "now $ery little about cofee but 'm sure it cant be grown in1urope
• +. 'm sorry but my essay wont be 7nished today
• 8. ' was $ery amused by the 7lm that we watched at you house theother night
Wh d th
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When do we use thepassive?
• The person who does the action is ob$ious
• The person is not important
• To begin a phrase with a topic we already "now
• To a$oid showing responsibility
• To a$oid ha$ing a long noun phrase
• To show a more ormal style
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Is this the passive?• ' got cut of
•
' got my hair cutG' had my hair cut
o This sentence is an eample othe Causati$e 9assi$e/
someone else did or causedthe action
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Any questions…?
Lets try some acti$ities0
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