Tissues Chapter 5. Tissues Four types of tissues – Epithelial – Connective – Muscle – Nervous.
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Tissues
Chapter 5
Tissues
• Four types of tissues– Epithelial– Connective– Muscle– Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
General Characteristics:• Found throughout the body, covers allbody surfaces both inside and out.• Main glandular tissue.• Attached to underlying connective tissueby noncellular nonliving basement membrane.• Usually has no vascular tissue - no blood supply• Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing).• Cells tightly packed together
Epithelial Cells
• Epithelia Tissue is named based on its description
• Simple – Single Layer• Stratified – Multiple Layers• Squamous = flat• Cuboidal = square/cube• Columnar = column/rectangle
Simple Squamous
• Function: Diffusion and filtration• Found in: walls of capillaries, air sacs in lungs
Simple Cuboidal
• Function: Secretion and absorption• Found in: kidney tubules, ducts, and ovaries
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
• Provides more protection than single layer• Found in the larger
ducts of glands and developing tubules
Simple Columnar
• Function: Secretion and Absorption• Found in: Digestive tract and uterus• Contains goblet cells that secret mucus• Can have cilia
Stratified Squamous
• Functions in protection• Found in skin and mouth
Basement Membranes• Thin under layers of tissues, just under the
epithelium• The ink of tattoos must be injected below the
basement membrane
Layers
• Tissues often come in layers• Cuts that are deep enough and go through
underlying tissue beneath epithelium may need stitches
Pseudostratified Columnar• Single layer • Nuclei are uneven and gives it a layered
appearance• Can have goblet cells and cilia• Found in air passage linings and tubes of
reproductive system
Transitional Epithelium
• Stretchable• Blocks diffusion (no leakage)• Found in urinary bladder
Glandular Epithelium• Cells are specialized to produce and secrete
substances• Make up glands– Exocrine (sweat glands)– Endocrine (hormones)
Identify the tissues
Connective Tissues
General characteristics• Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout• Binds structures together• Provides support, protection, framework, fills space,
stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue
• Cells are scattered with abundant matrix• Fluid, semi-fluid, and fibers• Good blood supply
Types of Connective Tissue
• Mast cells (prevent clots)• Macrophages (consumers)• Fibroblasts (produce fibers)– Collagenous (bones, ligaments, tendons)– Elastic (respiratory)
Main types of fibers• Collagenous Fibers – strong and flexible– Bones, tendons, and ligaments
• Elastic Fibers – Very flexible– Ears and vocal cords
Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar Tissue
• Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other
• Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Has space between components• Occurs beneath skin and most epithelial layers• Functions in support and binds organs
Adipose Tissue (fat)
Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Tendons = muscles to bones• Ligaments = bones to bones
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Has collagenous fibers closely packed• In dermis of skin, tendons, and ligaments• Functions in support
Dense Connective Tissue
• Cartilage– Cartilage Cells are called Chondrocytes– Provides support and attachments– Cushions bones
Hyaline Cartilage• Covers ends of joints, nose and respiratory
passages
Elastic Cartilage
• External Ear and Larynx
Fibrocartilage
• Tough, shock absorbing
Bone Tissue (Osseus)
Blood Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Nervous TissueNeurons
Neuroglia - support
Nervous Tissue
• Spinal Cord
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