till Oklahoma Crop Rotationnotill.okstate.edu/.../useofcovercrops.pdf · 2017-05-19 · till Oklahoma. Conclusion • Crop rotation offers several benefits for soil, environment,
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No-
till O
klah
oma
No-
till O
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oma
Silvano AbreuChad GodseyJeff Edwards
Cover Crop and Crop Rotation
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No-
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Soil Quality
Environment
Protection
ProdutivityBiological
Human, animal and vegetal health
Doran & Parkin, 1994
THE DESIRABLE INTERACTION
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
Gas
es (C
O2)
Wat
er a
nd O
xyge
n
Roots
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
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What are the Benefits
• Wheat after wheat– Breaks weed and disease
cycles
• Corn or Sorghum– Breaks weed and disease
cycles (shattercane and rye grass)
– Nitrogen $$$
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Nitrogen Contribution
Growing Environment Legume Density
Dry Matter (lb./ac)
N Contribution (lb N/ac)
Drought, poor fertility
Cowpea or Australian winter peas
1 legume/yd2 500-1,000 15 - 30
White CloverFull stand (3-4”
tall)500-1,000
15 - 40
Good Conditions
Soybean Full stand 1,000-2,000 20 - 60
Cowpea or Australian winter peas
Full stand2,000–3,000 50 - 95
Alfalfa, CloversFull stand (24-
36” tall)4,000–5,000 100 - 150
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
Rye grass on cotton fieldSW Oklahoma
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Soil resistance, kPa0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Soil
dept
h, c
m
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
C-W-GSC-WC-GSW-DCGS-CCWGS
Rotations
Water content, g g-1
0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.27Table of significance
Rotation / Tillage*** / ***
*** / ns
*** / *
*** / ***
*** / ***
* / ***
ns / ***
A
B
Soil resistance under different crop rotation, no-till (A) and conventional till (B) in southwest Oklahoma. Altus, OK, 2008.
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Crop Rotation ExperimentLocations: - Stillwater
- PerkinsRotation calendar
2008 2009 Crop/Rot. Mar/Abr Jul Sept Oct Mar/Abr Jul Sept Oct year
1 . . . Wheat . . . Wheat 2/22 Cowpea Crotalaria . Wheat . Pegeonpea . Wheat 5/23 Cowpea Pegeonpea . Wheat . Crotalaria . Wheat 5/2
4 Soybean . Austrian pea Corn . Radish+oat 4/2
5 Corn . Radish+oat Soybean . Crotalaria 4/2
6 Soybean . Millet Corn . Pegeonpea 4/2
7 Corn . Pegeonpea Soybean . Millet 4/28 Corn . . . Soybean . . . 2/29 Soybean . . . Corn . 2/2
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Biomass yields - Stillwater
Rotations
W/W
Cw/Cr/W/Pp/W
Cw/Pp/W/Cr/W
S/Ap/C/R+o
C/R+o/S/Cr
S/M/C/Pp
C/Pp/S/R+o/W C/S S/C
Biom
ass
yiel
d, lb
/ac
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000Cover cropCover cropCrop Total
CW
Cr
CwPpS
R+o
C
S
C C
S
Pp
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Austrian winter pea
Forage radish
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Treatments
NT-Oat NT-Radish+Oat Cult-Oat Cult-Radish+Oat
Infil
tratio
n la
yer,
in
0
20
40
60
80
100
c
ab
b
a
Water infiltration layer in a Oxisol heavy clay texture under different management and rotation. Nicoloso et al., 2008
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
November, 18th, 2008
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
November, 18th, 2008
December, 15, 2008
January, 6th, 2009
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Pigeon pea
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Sun hemp
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Rotation Crop Sequence
1 Wheat-Cowpea-Milo
2 Wheat-Cowpea-Corn
3 Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Milo
4 Wheat-DC Soybean-Sunflower
5 Wheat-Canola-Soybean
6 Wheat-Wheat-Soybean
Treatment Strategy
A Nrich Strip
B Farmer Practice
C 0 lbs/N acre
D N based on Greenseeker
Garfield County Rotation Study
(Wheat 2 out of 3 years)
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Rotations
• Grain Sorghum-Austrian Winter Pea-Sunflower
• Wheat-Cowpea-Corn• Wheat-Cowpea-Grain Sorghum• Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Grain
Sorghum
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Wheat-Cowpea-CornCorn Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 200 92 aFarmer Practice 125 87 ab
0 lbs/N acre 0 88 abN based on GreenSeeker 75+51 78 b
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Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Grain SorghumSorghum Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 185 43 aFarmer Practice 125 36 a
0 lbs/N acre 0 40 aN based on GreenSeeker 75+0 38 a
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Grain Sorghum-Austrian Winter Pea-SunflowerSunflower Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 100 905 aFarmer Practice 100 929 a
0 lbs/N acre 0 940 aN based on GreenSeeker 100 978 a
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Grain Sorghum Yield, 1996-2000
Gordon, 2001
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Wheat – Nitrogen Rates(Manhattan 1998-2000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Nitrogen (lb/a)
Gra
in Y
ield
(bu/
a)
Following Grain Sorghum
Following Soybeans
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Conclusion
• Crop rotation offers several benefits for soil, environment, and farmer.
• There are several alternative crops that can be used as cover crops.
• Maintain soil cover as much as possible to enhance soil quality.
• Maintain flexibility by planting cover crops that could be cash crops.
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No-
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Thank you!!!Silvano Abreu
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
368 Ag Hall
Oklahoma State University
(405) 744 9599
abreu@okstate.edu
Dr. Chad GodseyDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences368 Ag HallOklahoma State University (405) 744 3389chad.godsey@okstate.edu
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